Ophthalmology

Question 1

Drusen aka…

Answer 1

‘amber material under the retinal pigment epithelium in both eyes’

Question 2

herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Lesion to where means urgent ophthalmological review?

aka…. sign,

Management

eye complication most common

Answer 2

Lesions on the tip of the nose (occular involvment)

Hutchinson’s sign

Management
1. oral antiviral treatment for 7-10 days (start within 72 hours) - can do IV if v severe/ immunocompromised

2. topical corticosteroids may be used to treat any secondary inflammation of the eye
   Complications
   ocular: conjunctivitis, keratitis, episcleritis, anterior uveitis
   ptosis
   post-herpetic neuralgia

ANTERIOR UVEITIS

Question 3

Types of cataracts

Subcapsular =
Polar =
Dot =

Answer 3

Subcapsular = steroids
Polar = Visual axis
Dot = Diabetes, myotonic dystrophy, normals

Question 4

Hypertensive retinopathy grading I-IV

Keith-Wagener classification

You have one TORToise, who NIPPS you twice, you need three COTTON WOOL to BLOT the bleeding (haemorrhages), before(be-four) the swelling starts (papilloedema)

Answer 4

I- Arteriolar narrowing and tortuosity
Increased light reflex - silver wiring

II- Arteriovenous nipping-

III- Cotton-wool exudates
Flame and blot haemorrhages
These may collect around the fovea resulting in a ‘macular star’

IV-Papilloedema

Question 5

FROM TRAUMA!!

orbital compartment syndrome - blood in anterior chamber, proptosis (bulge), stuff eyelid, RAPD

Answer 5

immediate canthotomy - to decompress ( its a emergency as can loose sight!)

Question 6

Pain out of proportion
contact lens and recent freshwater swimming

Answer 6

acanthamoebic keratitis

Question 7

fluorescein eye stain shows a DENDRITIC ulcer

Answer 7

Herpes simplex keratitis

Question 8

Flashes and floaters think POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT!!!

Retinal detachment is = ‘curtain over vision’, spider webs and flashing lights

Question 9

blepharitis mamagement

Answer 9

1. Hot compress
2. remove debris
3. +/- artificial tears

Question 10

pinhole occluder is useful to identify

Answer 10

refractive errors as the cause of blurred vision

Question 11

autoimmune history, painful red-eye, and BLUE HUE!!

Answer 11

scleritis

Question 12

Horners Syndrome - WHAT DO YOU SEE?!

Answer 12

• miosis (small pupil)
• Ptosis
• ENOPHTHALMOS (sunken)
  +/- anhydrosis (on one side)

Question 13

cotton wool spots represent areas of

Answer 13

retinal infarction

Question 14

Papilloedema

Fundoscopy- what do you see?

causes

Answer 14

• Blurring of optic disc margin
• elevated disc
• loss of optic cup

Causes
1. space occupying lesion
2. malignant hypertension
3. ideopathic intercranial hyertension
4. HYDROCEPHALUS (babies big head too much CSF)
5. HYPERCAPNIA (hyperventilation too much!

Rare causes include
hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia
vitamin A toxicity