Operations Management ch. 6 Flashcards
Process selection
deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized p.237
5 process types
Job shop, batch, repetitive (assembly), continuous, project p. 238
project
process type used for work that is nonroutine, with a unique set of objectives to be accomplished in a limited time frame. p. 243
product or service profiling
linking key product or service requirements to process capabilities p. 245
technological innovation
the discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or processes for producing or providing them p.244
technology
application of scientific discoveries to the development and improvement of products and services and operations processes p.244
high technology
most advanced and developed equipment and methods p. 245
process technology
includes methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce goods and provide services p.245
Information technology (IT)
the science and use of computers and other electronic equipment to store, process, and send information p.245
automation
machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically p.245 (fixed, programmable, flexible)
Fixed automation
uses high-cost, specialized equipment for a fixed sequence of operations. Adv. low cost and high volume. dis. min. variety and high cost to change
programmable automation
use of high-cost, general purpose equipment controlled by a computer program that provides both the sequence of operations and specific details about each operation. ex. N/C machines, CAM. p.247
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
the use of computers in process control p. 247
Numerically controlled (N/C) machines
machines that perform operations by following mathematical processing instructions p.247
- computerized numerical control (CNC) -machines with own computer
- direct numerical control (DNC) - one computer controls many machines
flexible automation
uses equipment that is more customized than programmable automation. Lower changeover time permits almost continuous operation of equipment and product variety without the need to produce in batches. (FMS and CIM) p.248
flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing requirements and produce a variety of similar products p.248
computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
a system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities, such as purchasing,order processing and production planning, through an integrating computer system p. 248
layout
the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment with particular emphasis on movement of work (customers or materials) through the system p.250
3 types: product, process, fixed position
product layout
uses standardized processing operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume flow (production, assembly lines) p.250
production line
standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of production tasks p. 251
also U-shaped, service ex. cafe line, car wash
assembly line
standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of assembly tasks p.251
process (functional) layout
can handle varied processing requirements p.253
intermittent processing
nonrepetitive processing p.253
fixed position layouts
the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed i.e. construction p.254
cellular production
workstations are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements (part families) often uses SMED, right-sized equipment p.256
group technology
grouping into part families of items with similar design or manufacturing characteristics. p.257 accomplished by visual inspection, examination of design and production data, production flow analysis
other types of layouts
service, warehouse and storage, retail,office, restaurant, hospital p.260
Line balancing
assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements. p.262
cycle time
the maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit p.263
precedence diagram
shows elemental tasks and their precedence requirements p.264
balance delay
percentage of idle time of a line p.265
