Ch. 10

Question 1

quality control

Answer 1

process that evaluates output relative to a standard and takes corrective action when output does not meet standards

Question 2

inspection

Answer 2

appraisal of goods or services

Question 3

quality of conformance

Answer 3

a product or service conforms to specifications

Question 4

statistical process control (SPC)

Answer 4

statistical evaluation of the output of a process

Question 5

random variation

Answer 5

natural variation in the output of a process, created by countless minor factors

Question 6

assignable variation

Answer 6

in process output, a variation whose cause can be identified. A nonrandom or special variation

Question 7

sampling distribution

Answer 7

a theoretical distribution of sample statistics

Question 8

Central limit theorem

Answer 8

the distribution of sample averages tends to be normal regardless of the shape of the process distribution

Question 9

control chart

Answer 9

a time-ordered plot of sample statistics, used to distinguish between random and nonrandom variability

Question 10

control limits

Answer 10

the dividing lines between random and nonrandom deviations from the mean of the distribution

Question 11

Type 1 error

Answer 11

concluding a process is not in control when it actually is

Question 12

Type 2 error

Answer 12

concluding a process is in control when it is not

Question 13

variables

Answer 13

generate data that are measured - continuous; 2 charts- mean and range

Question 14

attributes

Answer 14

generate data that are counted - gaps; 2 charts - p and c

Question 15

Mean control chart

Answer 15

control chart used to monitor the central tendency of a process

Question 16

Range control chart

Answer 16

control chart used to monitor process dispersion

Question 17

p-chart

Answer 17

control chart for attributes, used to monitor the proportion of defective items in a process

Question 18

c-chart

Answer 18

control chart for attributes, used to monitor the number of defects per unit

Question 19

run test

Answer 19

a test for patterns in a sequence

Question 20

run

Answer 20

sequence of observations with a certain characteristic

Question 21

specifications

Answer 21

range of acceptable values established by engineering design or customer requirements

Question 22

process variability

Answer 22

natural or inherent variability in a process

Question 23

process capability

Answer 23

inherent variability of process output relative to the the variation allowed by the design specification.

Question 24

capability index

Answer 24

used to assess the ability of a process to meet specificaitons