Operational procedures Flashcards
When is wake turbulence most hazardous?
1- During take-off and landing
2- During take-off, initial climb, final approach, and landing
3- During take-off and initial climb
4- Wake turbulence is equally dangerous during all stages of flight
During take-off, initial climb, final approach, and landing
All except cruise and descent
**Select the answer which lists only visual signs of wind shear.
1-adjacent clouds moving in the same direction,
2-virga,
3-cumulus clouds,
4-funnel clouds,
5-smoke plumes sheared and moving in different directions,
6-tornadoes,
7-dust raised beneath convective clouds,
8-wind socks around the aerodrome responding to different winds
1- 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
2- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
3- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
4- No other answer is correct
2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Virga, Funnel clouds, smoke plumes sheared and moving in different directions, tornadoes, dust raised beneath convective clouds, wind socks around the aerodrome responding to different winds
Which factors determine the characteristics of the wake turbulence generated by an aeroplane? Select the most complete answer.
1- The aeroplane’s wingspan and mass
2- The aeroplane’s airspeed and attitude
3- The aeroplane’s mass and attitude
4- All answers are correct
All answers are correct
-Mass (+ mass = + wake)
-wingspan (+ span = +wake)
-airspeed (+ speed = - wake)
-Attitude
GREATER wake-turbulence = heavy, slow speed, clean configuration
Which precautionary measures should be taken expecting wind shear during take-off? Select the most complete answer.
1- Selecting the maximum flaps configuration for take-off
2- All answers are correct
3- Selecting the TO mode on the PFD
4- Selecting the maximum take-off thrust
Selecting the maximum take-off thrust
With reference to wake turbulence, crosswind is .
1- dangerous, because it can lead to stagnation of wake turbulence vortices on the runway
2- only a danger to airborne aircraft
3- not dangerous
4- dangerous, because it can cause rapid dispersion of wake turbulence vortices
dangerous, because it can lead to stagnation of wake turbulence vortices on the runway
Noise abatement procedures are designed to .
1- maximize safety while maintaining exposure to noise
2- minimize exposure to noise while maintaining safety
3- minimize exposure to noise while maintaining smooth aerodrome operation
4- maintain low exposure to noise while maximizing operational efficiency
minimize exposure to noise while maintaining safety
What happens to an aeroplane as it flies into a microburst?
1- Entering a microburst, the aeroplane’s airspeed increases, its rate of descent decreases and it rises above the glide path. Inside, its airspeed and descent rate increase and the aircraft keeps sinking below the glide path.
2- Entering a microburst, the aeroplane’s airspeed and rate of descent decrease and it raises above the glide path. Inside, its airspeed and rate of descent increase, and the aircraft keeps sinking below the glide path.
3- Entering a microburst, the aeroplane’s airspeed decreases, its rate of descent increases and it sinks below the glide path. Inside, its airspeed and rate of descent decrease, and the aircraft keeps rising above the glide path.
4- Entering a microburst, the aeroplane’s airspeed and rate of descent increase and it sinks below the glide path. Inside, its airspeed and rate of descent decrease, and the aircraft keeps rising above the glide path.
Entering a microburst, the aeroplane’s airspeed increases, its rate of descent decreases and it rises above the glide path. Inside, its airspeed and descent rate increase and the aircraft keeps sinking below the glide path.
ENTERING = +airspeed (head wind), - rate of descent, above glide path
INSIDE = +airspeed (downdraft), + rate of descent, below glide path
OUT = -airspeed (tailwind), -rate of descent
What aeroplanes is wake turbulence most dangerous to?
1- Aeroplanes with a small wingspan
2- Aeroplanes with large wingspan
3- Heavy aeroplanes
4- Light aeroplanes
Aeroplanes with a small wingspan
Who has the authority on deciding whether to execute take-off and approach noise abatement procedures?
1- The aviation Authority
2- Execution of noise abatement procedures is decided upon by the commander and the operator in co-operation
3- The operator
4- The commander
The commander
Wake turbulence caused by an aeroplane increases with its ____ and decreases with its ___ .
1- speed; wingspan
2- speed; mass
3- mass; speed
4- mass; wingspan
mass; speed
Wake turbulence depends on:
-Mass (+ mass = + wake)
-wingspan (+ span = +wake)
-airspeed (+ speed = - wake)
-Attitude
GREATER wake-turbulence = heavy, slow speed, clean configuration
What is low altitude windshear?
1- A sudden change of wind velocity encountered by aircraft during take-off or landing
2- A sudden change of wind velocity at an altitude below 7000 ft
3- A sudden change of wind velocity along the final approach path or the runway and the take-off and initial climb-out phase
4- A sudden change of wind velocity at an altitude below 5000 ft
A sudden change of wind velocity along the final approach path or the runway and the take-off and initial climb-out phase
For an operation in visual meteorological conditions that incorporates noise abatement procedures, which system is required for a runway to be selected for preferential use?
1- ILS
2- MLS
3- Any radio communication system
4- VASI
VASI
VMC -> VASI
IMC -> ILS
During an in-flight engine fire on a jet aircraft, the commander has already cut the fuel supply to the engine off and tried to extinguish it. The fire is persisting. What should the commander do?
1- Inform the cabin crew
2- Inform the ATC
3- Use the secondary in-built extinguishant
4- Begin an emergency landing
Use the secondary in-built extinguishant
Actions to be taken in a carburettor fire :
1- Do not have to be remmembered by the pilot and can be found in appropriate in-flight manuals
2- Depend on whether the engine has started but are the same for all aeroplane types
3- Are initially the same, regardless of the aircrafts state and might differ if the fire is not immediatly put out
4- Depend on whether the engine has started and may be type-specific
Depend on whether the engine has started and may be type-specific
In which document can detailed information on noise abatement procedures be found?
1- ICAO document 8168
2- EASA procedures for CAT operations
3- Aeronautical Publication Information (AIP), Part AD
4- In NOTAMs of revelant aerodromes
Aeronautical Publication Information (AIP), Part AD
When encountering increased tailwind during landing, the pilot should ____ the engine thrust.
During recovery, the pitch should be changed using ________.
1- Decrease, the flaps
2- Increase; the flaps
3- Increase; the yoke
4- Decrease, the yoke
Increase; the yoke
Tailwind = - airspeed
Heading = +airspeed
What is an emergency landing?
1- A situation in which an aircraft unavoidably needs to land, usually regardless of terrain. i.e due to engine failure.
2- A situation in which further flight is anadvisible, and an aircraft should land to prevent a potentially dangerous situation
3- A situation in which a landing has to be carried out on a flooded runway
4- A landing carried out with a number of dangerous goods onboard that exceeds the maximum allowable values
A situation in which an aircraft unavoidably needs to land, usually regardless of terrain. i.e due to engine failure.
What is ditching?
1- A deliberate and controlled landing on the surface of the water, of an aircraft not designed for this purpose
2- Reducing the aeroplane’s mass by dumping fuel
3- A situation in which a landing has to be carried out on a contaminated runway
4- A precautionary procedure performed to prevent a potentially dangerous situation
A deliberate and controlled landing on the surface of the water, of an aircraft not designed for this purpose
Who is responsible for alerting the emergency services when an emergency landing is necessary?
1- No other answer is correct
2- Any other aircraft that hears the mayday transmission
3- The Air Traffic Controller
4- The pillot in command
The Air Traffic Controller
The term “flight time” is defined as… (1,00 P.)
the period from the start of the take-off run to the final touchdown when landing.
the total time from the first aircraft movement until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight.
the period from engine start for the purpose of taking off to leaving the aircraft after engine shutdown.
the total time from the first take-off until the last landing in conjunction with one or more consecutive flights.
the total time from the first aircraft movement until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight.
Chocks off TO chocks on
What should be considered regarding a scheduled flight over water, when land cannot be reached in case of an emergency landing? (1,00 P.)
Transponder code 7600 has to be set during the whole flight
Contact to the nearest ATC shall consist during the whole flight
For all passengers there must be life jackets or lifeboats present
The flight plan has to contain the exact waypoints
For all passengers there must be life jackets or lifeboats present
Which of the items below may have an influence on the noise perceived by a person on the ground?
1) Engine power setting
2) Propeller revolutions per minute
3) Position of the landing gear
4) Flap position
5) Flight track
6) Height above ground
7) Flight rules
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
1, 5, 6
1, 5, 6, 7
3, 4, 5, 6, 7
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
**How can the pilot of an an engine-driven aircraft minimise the noise emission during descent and approach? **
Normal approach with normal power setting, configuration prior to initiating descent, shortest possible arrival route
Descent and approach in landing configuration while maintaining a descent angle of 3°, direct approach whenever possible
Low approach with minimum power setting, late configuration and steep approach, adherence to established arrival routes
High approach with minimum power setting, late descent, late configuration, adherence to established arrival routes
High approach with minimum power setting, late descent, late configuration, adherence to established arrival routes
When should turns at low altitudes above villages be avoided with regard to noise abatement procedures?
In descent
In climb
During the approach
In horizontal flight
In climb
How should departures near villages be carried out?
Slow with a low propeller rotation speed
Low and fast between the villages
Climb and changes in direction should be done as slow as possible
Villages should be circumnavigated and crossed in a sufficient altitude
Villages should be circumnavigated and crossed in a sufficient altitude
Which kind of engine is susceptible to carburettor fire?
Piston engines
Turbine engines
Electric motors
Turboprop engines
Piston engines
**Why is it dangerous to pump the throttle for engine start in cold weather? **
It may cause a carburettor fire
Carburettor icing can occur
The engine might start with not enough power
The oil will become diluted
It may cause a carburettor fire
Which danger exists during engine start?
Cable fire
Carburettor fire
Sparking
Smoke emission
Carburettor fire
May an engine, which previously was on fire, be restarted?
No, the risk of a reignition of the fire would be too high
Yes, if the aircraft is flying at a safe altitude
Yes, but only on the ground for the purpose of taxiing
Yes, but only if the cause of the fire was a carburettor fire during engine start
No, the risk of a reignition of the fire would be too high
Which gas is most dangerous during an engine fire?
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
**Smoke enters the cockpit during an engine fire.
Which actions have to be taken immediately?
Switching off the master switch and the ignition
Switching off the heating and the ventilating system
Switching off the pitot and front window heating
Switching off the avionics and the cabin lighting
Switching off the heating and the ventilating system
What should be the first action in case of a cable fire during a flight?
Close the fuel valve
Open the windows
Turn off the master switch
Open cabin ventialtion
Turn off the master switch
What extinguishing agent is the least suitable for an aircraft fire?
Powder
Halon
Water
Foam
Water
“WATER FOr DRY SPECIALly COntaminated Willies”
WATER = Class A (solids)
FOam = Class A + B (liquids)
DRY powder = Class A + B + C (gases)
SPECIAL powder = Class D (metals)
CO2 / halon = Class E (electrical) –> also used for classes A+B+C (most used extinguishant!)
Wet chemical = Class F (oil and fat)
**In flight, a little smoke emerges from behind the instrument panel. An electrical fire is suspected.
Which action, with respect to the pilot’s operating manual, should be taken? **
Turn off the heat
Shut down the engine
Turn off the master switch
Use the fire extinguisher
Turn off the master switch
****In flight, a little smoke emerges from behind the instrument panel. An engine fire is suspected.
Which action, with respect to the pilot’s operating manual, should be taken?
Turn off the heat
Shut down the engine
Use the fire extinguisher
Turn off the master switch
Turn off the heat
A wind shear is…
a slow increase of the wind speed in altitudes above 13000 ft.
a wind speed change of more than 15 kt.
a vertical or horizontal change of wind speed and wind direction.
a meteorological downslope wind phenomenon in the alps.
a vertical or horizontal change of wind speed and wind direction
Which weather phenomenon is typically associated with wind shear?
Fog.
Invernal warm front.
Thunderstorms.
Stable high pressure areas.
Thunderstorms
When do you expect wind shear?
During an inversion
In calm wind in cold weather
During a summer day with calm winds
When passing a warm front
During an inversion
Inversion is a deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude –> layer in the atmosphere in which air temperature increases with heigh
During an approach the aeroplane experiences a windshear with a decreasing headwind.
If the pilot does not make any corrections, how do the approach path and the indicated airspeed (IAS) change?
Path is higher, IAS decreases
Path is lower, IAS increases
Path is higher, IAS increases
Path is lower, IAS decreases
Path is lower, IAS decreases
Increasing tailwind = Decreasing headwind
tailwind = - airspeed –> below glide path
headwind = + airspeed –> above glide path
**During an approach the aeroplane experiences a windshear with an increasing headwind.
If the pilot does not make any corrections, how do the approach path and the indicated airspeed (IAS) change?
Path is higher, IAS decreases
Path is lower, IAS increases
Path is higher, IAS increases
Path is lower, IAS decreases
Path is higher, IAS increases
Increasing tailwind = Decreasing headwind
tailwind = - airspeed –> below glide path
headwind = + airspeed –> above glide path
During an approach the aeroplane experiences a windshear with a decreasing tailwind.
If the pilot does not make any corrections, how do the approach path and the indicated airspeed (IAS) change?
Path is higher, IAS decreases
Path is higher, IAS increases
Path is lower, IAS decreases
Path is lower, IAS increases
Path is higher, IAS increases
Increasing tailwind = Decreasing headwind
tailwind = - airspeed –> below glide path
headwind = + airspeed –> above glide path
After take-off an aeroplane gets into a wind shear with decreasing headwind. As a result…
the aeroplane flies above the estimated climb path.
the true airspeed (TAS) will increase.
the ground speed (GS) will decrease.
the aeroplane flies below the estimated climb path.
the aeroplane flies below the estimated climb path.
Increasing tailwind = Decreasing headwind
tailwind = - airspeed –> below glide path
headwind = + airspeed –> above glide path
How may windshear be recognised in flight?
Sudden and apparently baseless change in altitude, airspeed, rate of climb or descent.
Sudden and apparently baseless change in heading, turning rate, engine speed or oil temperature.
Sudden and apparently baseless change of oil pressure, oil temperature, engine speed and altitude.
Rather unexpected onset of drizzle associated with high stratus clouds following previously clear skies and calm conditions.
Sudden and apparently baseless change in altitude, airspeed, rate of climb or descent.
**Which phenomenon may be expected INSIDE of the microburst?
**
Constant rate of descent
Decrease of descent rate
Increase of airspeed
Decrease of climb rate
Decrease of climb rate
ENTERING = +airspeed (head wind), - rate of descent, above glide path
INSIDE = +airspeed (downdraft), + rate of descent, below glide path
OUT = -airspeed (tailwind), -rate of descent
