Meteorology

Question 1

What is atmospheric pressure?
1-The force exerted by the atmosphere on any surface in contact with it, divided by the total area of a specified region

2- The force exerted by the atmosphere on any surface in contact with it, divided by a unit of area

3- The sum of the force exerted by the atmosphere on any surface and the aerodynamic force, divided by the total lift-generating area of the aeroplane

4- No other answer is correct

Answer 1

2- The force exerted by the atmosphere on any surface in contact with it, divided by a unit of area

Question 2

How are surface temperature inversions frequently generated?

1- By gusting winds, increasing surface friction during the day, with consequent mixing at the lower levels

2- By terrestrial radiation on a calm clear night

3- By compression, causing the release of latent heat in a layer of stratiform clouds

4- By an unstable air mass, causing convection currents and mixing of the atmosphere at lower levels

Answer 2

2- By terrestrial radiation on a calm clear night

Question 3

What is the troposphere?

1- The part of the atmosphere above the stratosphere

2- The boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere

3- The boundary between the mesosphere and thermosphere

4- The part of the atmosphere below the tropopause

Answer 3

4- The part of the atmosphere below the tropopause

Question 4

What are the main components of the atmosphere?

1- Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Xenon

2- Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Argon

3- Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Particulates

4- Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Ozone

Answer 4

2- Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Argon

Question 5

What is the reason for the temperature increase during condensation?

1- The heating is a result of the latent heat being released

2- Rising air cools adiabatically and descends, so only warm air remains at altitude

3- Rising air cools adiabatically and starts ascending faster, so only warm air remains at the initial altitude

4- No other answer is correct

Answer 5

1- The heating is a result of the latent heat being released

Question 6

What is true when the ambient temperature decreases and the dew point temperature remains unchanged?

1- The Relative Humidity (RH) increases

2-The Relative Humidity (RH) decreases

3- The amount of water vapour decreases

4- The amount of water vapour increases

Answer 6

The Relative Humidity (RH) increases

Question 7

When is radiation fog most likely to form?

1- Early morning

2- At midday

3- Around 4 p.m.

4- Just before sunset

Answer 7

Early morning

Question 8

What is true about St and Ns clouds?

1- St may produce heavier rain than Ns

2- St is typically associated with much better visibility than Ns

3- Turbulence is stronger within St than within Ns

4- Ns may produce heavier rain than St

Answer 8

Ns may produce heavier rain than St

Question 9

Which clouds can showers fall from?

1- Only cumulus clouds
2- Only heap clouds
3- Only cumulonimbus clouds
4- No other answer is correct

Answer 9

Only heap clouds

Heap = Convective

Question 10

A parcel of the saturated air would consist of more water vapour ______ .

1- when aloft than at MSL

2- when at the poles than on the equator

3- when on the equator than at the poles

4- when on Sahara than on Greenland

Answer 10

when on the equator than at the poles

Question 11

Which statement is correct concerning the true altitude when flying from a warm to a cold region with a constant FL indication on the altimeter?

1-True altitude decreases

2- True altitude increases

3- True altitude will remain unchanged

4- True altitude will increase or decrease, depending on the relative humidity

Answer 11

True altitude decreases

From warm to cold don´t be bold!

Question 12

Consider a parked aircraft at the airport. What effect will decreasing pressure have on the altimeter-indicated altitude?

1- The indicated altitude will decrease

2- The indicated altitude will increase

3- The indicated altitude will remain unchanged

4- The indicated altitude will increase or decrease, depending on the ISA temperature deviation

Answer 12

The indicated altitude will increase

Question 13

According to the ISA model, at which altitude the air density reaches 50% of the MSL density?

11 000 ft
22 000 ft
40 000 ft
31 000 ft

Answer 13

22 000 ft

Question 14

What errors may altimeters be subject to? Select the most complete answer.

1-All answers are correct
2-Mechanical errors
3-Barometric errors
4-Temperature errors

Answer 14

All answers are correct

Question 15

During the climb after take-off, the altimeter setting is adjusted at the transition altitude. If the local QNH is 1023 hPa, what will happen to the altimeter indication during the resetting procedure?

1-It is not possible to give a definitive answer
2-The altimeter indication will remain the same
3-The altimeter indication will decrease
4-The altimeter indication will increase

Answer 15

The altimeter indication will decrease

Question 16

Sea breeze is a wind
that blows XXXXXX
during the XXXXXX

Answer 16

[ from sea to land ]
[ day ]

Question 17

What is the indication of a large pressure gradient?

1- Closely spaced isobars and light winds

2- Closely spaced isobars and strong winds

3- Distantly spaced isobars and strong winds

4- Distantly spaced isobars and light winds

Answer 17

Closely spaced isobars and strong winds

Question 18

When is the thermal turbulence most pronounced?

1- During sunny days in the early afternoon

2- During cloudy days in the morning
In the evening

3-During sunny days in the morning

Answer 18

During sunny days in the early afternoon

Question 19

What is true about mechanical turbulence?

1- Mechanical turbulence is another term for wake turbulence

2- Mechanical turbulence is caused by physical obstructions like buildings, trees and any irregularities of the terrain

3- Mechanical turbulence is caused by the vertical movement of the air in an unstable airmass

4- Mechanical turbulence can be experienced at FL350

Answer 19

Mechanical turbulence is caused by physical obstructions like buildings, trees and any irregularities of the terrain

Question 20

Where should pilots expect the occurrence of mountain waves? Select the most complete answer.

1- Up to the tropopause

2- All answers are correct

3- On the leeward side of the mountain range

4- Below Altocumulus lenticularis clouds

Answer 20

All answers are correct

Question 21

What is the name of an elongated low-pressure system?

1- Ridge
2- Trough
3- Col
4- Secondary depression

Answer 21

Trough

Ridge = elongated high-pressure system

Question 22

Which air mass affecting Europe originates in the North Atlantic?

1-Arctic maritime

2- Tropical maritime

3- Polar maritime

4- No other answer is correct

Answer 22

3- Polar maritime

North atlantic =Polar maritime
Subtropical atlantic = Tropical maritime
Siberia = Polar continental
Southern Balkan region and Near East = Tropical continental

Question 23

* ________ creates ______ systems near the ground.*

1- High-level convergence / low-pressure

2- High-level divergence / low-pressure

3- Low-level convergence / high-pressure

4- High-level divergence / high-pressure

Answer 23

High-level divergence / low-pressure

Question 24

Cold fronts are associated with _____ .

1- fog, heavy rains, and thunderstorms

2- light winds and heavy rains

3- clear sky

4- strong gusts, heavy rains, and thunderstorms

Answer 24

strong gusts, heavy rains, and thunderstorms

Question 25

What is true about orographic depressions?

1- Orographic depressions form on the leeward sides of mountains

2- Orographic depressions are common in the North European Plain

3- Orographic depressions are associated with stable weather

4- No other answer is correct

Answer 25

Orographic depressions form on the leeward sides of mountains

Question 26

The flight visibility is 1,500 m and the relative humidity is 98%. Which obscurant causes the visibility reduction?

1- Haze
2- No other answer is correct
3- Fog
4- Mist

Answer 26

Mist

Question 27

In which conditions is the risk of carburettor icing the highest?

1- Temperature – 10 °C and relative humidity – 40%
2- Temperature – 10 °C and relative humidity – 80%
3- Temperature – 30 °C and relative humidity – 80%
4- Temperature – 30 °C and relative humidity – 40%

Answer 27

Temperature – 10 °C and relative humidity – 80%

Question 28

In which circumstances is hoar frost the most likely to occur?

1- When the aircraft flies from a cold region into a warm region with a low level of humidity in the air

2- When the aircraft flies from a warm region into a cold region with a high level of humidity in the air

3- When the aircraft flies from a cold region into a warm region with a high level of humidity in the air

4- When the aircraft flies from a warm region into a cold region with a low level of humidity in the air

Answer 28

When the aircraft flies from a cold region into a warm region with a high level of humidity in the air

Question 29

Large supercooled droplets are _____ dangerous than the small ones, because they can form _____ ice.

1- less; clear

2- less; rime

3- more; rime

4- more; clear

Answer 29

more; clear

Question 30

If a non-intentional entry into IMC occurs, the pilot without Instrument Rating should ____.

1- continue the flight

2- make a 180° turn relying solely on instruments such as an attitude indicator and a turn coordinator

3- make a very steep turn as quick as possible

4- begin to climb

Answer 30

make a 180° turn relying solely on instruments such as an attitude indicator and a turn coordinator

Question 31

ATIS is an abbreviation for _____ .

1- Aeronautical Terminal Information Service

2- Automatic Terminal Information Service

3- Aerodrome Terminal Information Service

4- Aviation Terminal Information Service

Answer 31

Automatic Terminal Information Service

Question 32

METARs are issued every ____.
60 minutes
6 hours
2 hours
30 minutes

Answer 32

30 minutes

Question 33

The first section (SECN I) of a GAMET gives details on ____ and the second one (SECN II) gives details on ____ .

1- significant weather phenomena; forecast weather

2- forecast weather; significant weather phenomena

3- current weather; forecast weather

4- forecast weather; current weather

Answer 33

significant weather phenomena; forecast weather

Question 34

What does the METAR code ‘BKN002’ mean?

1- That between 5 and 7 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 m

2- That between 3 and 4 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 m

3- That between 3 and 4 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 ft

4- That between 5 and 7 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 ft

Answer 34

That between 5 and 7 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 ft

Question 35

Which of the listed surfaces will heat up most quickly?

1- Sea
2- Grass
3- Concrete
4- Wet soil

Answer 35

Concrete

Question 36

What is the troposphere?

1- The part of the atmosphere above the stratosphere
2- The boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere
3- The boundary between the mesosphere and thermosphere
4- The part of the atmosphere below the tropopause

Answer 36

The part of the atmosphere below the tropopause

Question 37

How are surface temperature inversions frequently generated?

1- By gusting winds, increasing surface friction during the day, with consequent mixing at the lower levels

2- By terrestrial radiation on a calm clear night

3- By compression, causing the release of latent heat in a layer of stratiform clouds

4- By an unstable air mass, causing convection currents and mixing of the atmosphere at lower levels

Answer 37

By terrestrial radiation on a calm clear night

Question 38

What are the main components of the atmosphere?

1- Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Xenon

2- Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Argon

3- Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Particulates

4- Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Ozone

Answer 38

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Argon

Question 39

According to the ISA model, at which altitude the air density reaches 50% of the MSL density?

11 000 ft
22 000 ft
40 000 ft
31 000 ft

Answer 39

22 000 ft

Question 40

Consider a parked aircraft at the airport. What effect will decreasing pressure have on the altimeter-indicated altitude?

1- The indicated altitude will decrease

2- The indicated altitude will increase

3- The indicated altitude will remain unchanged

4- The indicated altitude will increase or decrease, depending on the ISA temperature deviation

Answer 40

The indicated altitude will increase

Question 41

During the climb after take-off, the altimeter setting is adjusted at the transition altitude. If the local QNH is 1023 hPa, what will happen to the altimeter indication during the resetting procedure?

1- It is not possible to give a definitive answer

2- The altimeter indication will remain the same

3- The altimeter indication will decrease

4- The altimeter indication will increase

Answer 41

3- The altimeter indication will decrease

Question 42

The natural tendency of the air is that it flows ____.

1- from the area of low pressure to the area of high pressure

2- from mountainous regions towards the flat terrain

3- from the land towards the sea

4- from the area of high pressure to the area of low pressure

Answer 42

from the area of high pressure to the area of low pressure

Question 43

What is true when the ambient temperature decreases and the dew point temperature remains unchanged?

1- The Relative Humidity (RH) increases

2- The Relative Humidity (RH) decreases

3- The amount of water vapour decreases

4- The amount of water vapour increases

Answer 43

The Relative Humidity (RH) increases

Question 44

A parcel of the saturated air would consist of more water vapour ___ .

1- when aloft than at MSL

2- when at the poles than on the equator

3- when on the equator than at the poles

4- when on Sahara than on Greenland

Answer 44

when on the equator than at the poles

Question 45

When is radiation fog most likely to form?

1- Early morning
2- At midday
3- Around 4 p.m.
4- Just before sunset

Answer 45

Early morning

Question 46

What is the average value of the DALR?

0.6 °C/100 m

1.8 °C/100 m

3 °C/100 m

1 °C/100 m

Answer 46

1 °C/100 m

3ºC/1000ft

Question 47

What is true about mechanical turbulence?

1- Mechanical turbulence is another term for wake turbulence

2- Mechanical turbulence is caused by physical obstructions like buildings, trees and any irregularities of the terrain

3- Mechanical turbulence is caused by the vertical movement of the air in an unstable airmass

4- Mechanical turbulence can be experienced at FL350

Answer 47

Mechanical turbulence is caused by physical obstructions like buildings, trees and any irregularities of the terrain

Question 48

During a sunny afternoon, an aircraft is approaching an airfield, the runway of which is parallel to the coast. When downwind over the sea, the airfield is on the left. What wind effect should be anticipated on the final approach?

1- A crosswind from the left

2- A crosswind from the right

3- A tailwind

3- A headwind

Answer 48

A crosswind from the left

Question 49

What is true about orographic depressions?

1- Orographic depressions form on the leeward sides of mountains

2- Orographic depressions are common in the North European Plain

3- Orographic depressions are associated with stable weather

4- No other answer is correct

Answer 49

Orographic depressions form on the leeward sides of mountains

Question 50

Sea breeze is a wind that blows ____ during the ____.

Answer 50

[ from sea to land ] [ day ]

Question 51

The zone of the subtropical highs is located at the latitude of around ___.

30°N
10°N
50°S
10°S

Answer 51

30°N

Question 52

* ____ creates____ systems near the ground.*

1- High-level convergence / low-pressure

2- High-level divergence / low-pressure

3- Low-level convergence / high-pressure

4- High-level divergence / high-pressure

Answer 52

High-level divergence / low-pressure

Question 53

What is an occluded front?

1- A front that moves at the speed of 5 knots or less

2- A front that is created as warm air accumulated in the warm sector gets trapped over the cold air

3- A boundary created as warm air pushes cold air out

4- A front created when a quickly travelling warm front meets a slow cold front

Answer 53

A front that is created as warm air accumulated in the warm sector gets trapped over the cold air

Question 54

If a non-intentional entry into IMC occurs, the pilot without Instrument Rating should ____.

1- continue the flight

2- make a 180° turn relying solely on instruments such as an attitude indicator and a turn coordinator

3- make a very steep turn as quick as possible

4- begin to climb

Answer 54

make a 180° turn relying solely on instruments such as an attitude indicator and a turn coordinator

Question 55

Which type of ice can be best described as transparent, heavy and structurally strong?

1- Mixed ice
2- Rime ice
3- Clear ice or glaze
4- Hoar frost

Answer 55

Clear ice or glaze

Question 56

In which type of clouds is rime rice likely to accrete?

1- Cumulus, Stratocumulus and Nimbostratus

2- Cumulus, Stratocumulus and Altostratus

3- Stratus, Stratocumulus and Nimbostratus

4- Stratus, Cumulonimbus and Altostratus

Answer 56

Stratus, Stratocumulus and Nimbostratus

Question 57

Where can the en-route forecasts regarding weather conditions be found?

1- In METARs
2- On weather charts
3- In TAFs
4- In SPECIs

Answer 57

On weather charts

Question 58

A METAR wind group is ‘09009G25KT’. What does it mean?

1- That the wind speed varies between 9 kt and 25 kt

2- That gusts with a maximum speed of 25 kt may be experienced

3- That gusts with an average speed of 25 kt may be experienced

4- That the wind blows from the direction of 250°T

Answer 58

That gusts with a maximum speed of 25 kt may be experienced

Question 59

What are thermals?

1- Downward cooling currents caused by uneven heating of the earth’s surface by solar radiation

2- Upward convective currents caused by uneven heating of the earth’s surface by solar radiation

3- Deviations from the standard trend of atmospheric properties’ change with altitude

4- Boundaries separating air masses of different characteristics, such as air density, temperature and humidity

Answer 59

Upward convective currents caused by uneven heating of the earth’s surface by solar radiation

Question 60

How is temperature defined?

1- Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all molecules forming a system

2- The quantity of energy transferred as heat in a process

3- The sum of the system’s internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume

4- No other answer is correct

Answer 60

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all molecules forming a system

Question 61

The QNH is equal to the QFE if ______ .

1- the elevation of the aerodrome is equal to 0 ft AMSL

2- the actual temperature equals the standard temperature

3- the actual temperature is lower than the standard temperature

4- the actual temperature is higher than the standard temperature

Answer 61

the elevation of the aerodrome is equal to 0 ft AMSL

Question 62

Regarding air density, which of the following statements is true?

1- Cold air is less dense than warm air

2- Air density is not influenced by air humidity

3- Warm air is less dense than cold air

4- If the temperature is decreasing the air density will decrease

Answer 62

Warm air is less dense than cold air

Question 63

What is the name of the ragged clouds formed below the Ns when the turbulence is present at the lowest level of the stratosphere?

1- Altocumulus lenticularis

2- Altocumulus castellanus

3- Stratus fractus

4- Startus humilis

Answer 63

Stratus fractus

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true?

1- Haze is reported only when the visibility is reduced to less than 2,500 m

2- Fog is reported to the upper limit of 5,000 m

3- Mist is reported to the upper limit of 5,000 m

4- No other answer is correct

Answer 64

Mist is reported to the upper limit of 5,000 m

FOG /FG):
-Water microdroplet suspension
-Visibility less than 1000m

HAZE (HZ):
-Dust suspension
-Visibility 1000 to 5000m

MIST (BR):
-Water microdroplet
-Visibility 1000 to 5000m

Question 65

Coalescence is powered by__ _. It occurs ___ and causes rain or ___.

1- oversaturation; below 0 °C; snow

2- oversaturation; above 0 °C; drizzle

3- drafts; above 0 °C; drizzle

4- drafts; above 0 °C; snow

Answer 65

drafts; above 0 °C; drizzle

Question 66

When is the thermal turbulence most pronounced?

1- During sunny days in the early afternoon

2- During cloudy days in the morning

3- In the evening

4- During sunny days in the morning

Answer 66

During sunny days in the early afternoon

Question 67

Behind a warm front, pressure ____ and temperature ____.

1- does not increase; increases

2- decreases; increases

3- increases; decreases

4- remains constant; increases

Answer 67

does not increase; increases

Question 68

The passage of _____ warm front is associated with ____.

1- stable; good flight visibility

2- unstable; long and continuous precipitation

3- stable; long and continuous precipitation

4- unstable; thunderstorms and good ground visibility

Answer 68

stable; long and continuous precipitation

Question 69

In which circumstances is hoar frost the most likely to occur?

1- When the aircraft flies from a cold region into a warm region with a low level of humidity in the air

2- When the aircraft flies from a warm region into a cold region with a high level of humidity in the air

3- When the aircraft flies from a cold region into a warm region with a high level of humidity in the air

4- When the aircraft flies from a warm region into a cold region with a low level of humidity in the air

Answer 69

When the aircraft flies from a cold region into a warm region with a high level of humidity in the air

Question 70

The flight visibility is 1,500 m and the relative humidity is 98%. Which obscurant causes the visibility reduction?

1- Haze
2- No other answer is correct
3- Fog
4- Mist

Answer 70

Mist

FOG /FG):
-Water microdroplet suspension
-Visibility less than 1000m

HAZE (HZ):
-Dust suspension
-Visibility 1000 to 5000m

MIST (BR):
-Water microdroplet
-Visibility 1000 to 5000m

Question 71

What does the METAR code ‘BKN002’ mean?

1- That between 5 and 7 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 m

2- That between 3 and 4 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 m

3- That between 3 and 4 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 ft

4- That between 5 and 7 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 ft

Answer 71

That between 5 and 7 oktas are covered by the clouds, the base of which is at 200 ft

Question 72

What clouds and weather may result from an humid and instable air mass, that is pushed against a chain of mountains by the predominant wind and forced to rise?
(1,00 P.)

 Embedded CB with thunderstorms and showers of hail and/or rain.

 Thin Altostratus and Cirrostratus clouds with light and steady precipitation.

 Overcast low stratus (high fog) with no precipitation.

 Smooth, unstructured NS cloud with light drizzle or snow (during winter).

Answer 72

Embedded CB with thunderstorms and showers of hail and/or rain.

Question 73

What type of fog emerges if humid and almost saturated air, is forced to rise upslope of hills or shallow mountains by the prevailling wind? (1,00 P.)

 Orographic fog
 Steaming fog
 Radiation fog
 Advection fog

Answer 73

Orographic fog

Question 74

What situation is called “over-development” in a weather report? (1,00 P.)

 Vertical development of Cumulus clouds to rain showers

 Widespreading of Cumulus clouds below an inversion layer

 Change from blue thermals to cloudy thermals during the afternoon

 Development of a thermal low to a storm depression

Answer 74

Vertical development of Cumulus clouds to rain showers

Question 75

What is the gas composition of “air”? (1,00 P.)

 Oxygen 21 %
Water vapour 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

 Oxygen 78 %
Water vapour 21 %
Nitrogen 1 %

 Nitrogen 21 %
Oxygen 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

 Oxygen 21 %
Nitrogen 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

Answer 75

Oxygen 21 %
Nitrogen 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

Question 76

**Weather phenomena are most common to be found in which atmospheric layer? **

 Stratosphere
 Tropopause
 Thermosphere
 Troposphere

Answer 76

Troposphere

Question 77

What is the mass of a “cube of air” with the edges 1 m long, at MSL according ISA?

 1,225 kg
 0,01225 kg
 0,1225 kg
 12,25 kg

Answer 77

1,225 kg

Question 78

At what rate does the temperature change with increasing height according to ISA (ICAO Standard Atmosphere) within the troposphere? (1,00 P.)

 Decreases by 2° C / 1000 ft
 Increases by 2° C / 1000 ft
 Decreases by 2° C / 100 m
 Increases by 2° C / 100 m

Answer 78

Decreases by 2° C / 1000 ft

= 0.65ºC / 100 m

Question 79

What is the mean height of the tropopause according to ISA
(ICAO Standard Atmosphere)? (1,00 P.)

 18000 ft
 11000 ft
 11000 m
 36000 m

Answer 79

11000 m

= 36 000 ft

Question 80

The term “tropopause” is defined as… (1,00 P.)

 the layer above the troposphere showing an increasing temperature.
 the boundary area between the mesosphere and the stratosphere.
 the boundary area between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
 the height above which the temperature starts to decrease.

Answer 80

 the boundary area between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

Question 81

Temperatures will be given by meteorological aviation services in Europe in which unit? (1,00 P.)

 Degrees Centigrade (° C)
 Kelvin
 Gpdam
 Degrees Fahrenheit

Answer 81

Degrees Centigrade (° C)

Question 82

What is meant by “inversion layer”? (1,00 P.)

 An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height

 A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere

 An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height

 An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height

Answer 82

An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height

Question 83

What is meant by “isothermal layer”? (1,00 P.)

 An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height

 An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height

 A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere

 An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height

Answer 83

An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height

Question 84

The temperature lapse rate with increasing height within the troposphere according ISA is… (1,00 P.)

 0,65° C / 100 m.
 3° C / 100 m.
 1° C / 100 m.
 0,6° C / 100 m.

Answer 84

0,65° C / 100 m.

= 2ºC / 1000 ft

Question 85

Which process may result in an inversion layer at about 5000 ft (1500 m) height?

 Intensive sunlight insolation during a warm summer day
 Widespread descending air within a high pressure area
 Ground cooling by radiation during the night
 Advection of cool air in the upper troposphere

Answer 85

Widespread descending air within a high pressure area

Question 86

An inversion layer close to the ground can be caused by… (1,00 P.)

 ground cooling during the night.

 large-scale lifting of air.

 intensifying and gusting winds.

 thickening of clouds in medium layers.

Answer 86

ground cooling during the night.

Question 87

What is the ISA standard pressure at FL 180 (5500 m)? (1,00 P.)

 250 hPa
 300 hPa
 1013.25 hPa
 500 hPa

Answer 87

500 hPa

If at MSL density = 1013.25 hPa
At 22 000 density = 50% of MSL — 500 h

Question 88

**The pressure which is measured at a ground station and reduced to mean sea level (MSL) by means of the actual atmospheric conditions is called… (1,00 P.)
**
 QNH.
 QNE.
 QFE.
 QFF.

Answer 88

QFF

QFE (“FE”irport) = read 0 ft on ground.
QNE = (“NE”utral) SPS = 1013.25 hPa
QNH = (“H”20) = Reads elevation when on ground – Reduced to MSL – ISA condition
QFF = Surface atmospheric pressure — Reduced to MSL – Actual condition

QNH Vs QFF:
-If at MSL – QNH = QFF
- if temp AND height is above ISA —- QNH bigger than QFF
- if temp AND height is bellow ISA —- QNH is bigger than QFF

Question 89

Which processes result in decreasing air density? (1,00 P.)

 Decreasing temperature, increasing pressure
 Increasing temperature, decreasing pressure
 Increasing temperature, increasing pressure
 Decreasing temperature, decreasing pressure

Answer 89

Increasing temperature, decreasing pressure

Question 90

The pressure at MSL in ISA conditions is… (1,00 P.)

 113.25 hPa.
 15 hPa.
 1013.25 hPa.
 1123 hPa.

Answer 90

113.25 hPa.

Question 91

**The height of the tropopause of the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is at…
**
 5500 ft.
 11000 ft.
 36000 ft.
 48000 ft.

Answer 91

36000 ft.

= 11 000 m

Question 92

The barometric altimeter indicates height above… (1,00 P.)

 a selected reference pressure level.
 mean sea level.
 standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.
 ground.

Answer 92

a selected reference pressure level.

Question 93

The altimeter can be checked on the ground by setting… (1,00 P.)

 QFE and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.

 QNH and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.

 QNE and checking that the indication shows zero on the ground.

 QFF and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.

Answer 93

QNH and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.

Question 94

The barometric altimeter with QFE setting indicates… (1,00 P.)

 height above the pressure level at airfield elevation.

 true altitude above MSL.

 height above MSL.

 height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.

Answer 94

height above the pressure level at airfield elevation.

Question 95

The barometric altimeter with QNH setting indicates… (1,00 P.)

 height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.
 height above the pressure level at airfield elevation.
 true altitude above MSL.
 height above MSL.

Answer 95

height above MSL.

QFE (“FE”irport) = read 0 ft on ground.
QNE = (“NE”utral) SPS = 1013.25 hPa
QNH = (“H”20) = Reads elevation when on ground – Reduced to MSL – ISA condition
QFF = Surface atmospheric pressure — Reduced to MSL – Actual condition

QNH Vs QFF:
-If at MSL – QNH = QFF
- if temp AND height is above ISA —- QNH bigger than QFF
- if temp AND height is bellow ISA —- QNH is bigger than QFF

Question 96

Given the following information, what is the true altitude?
(rounded to the nearest 50 ft)
QNH: 983 hPa
Altitude: FL 85
Outside Air Temperature: ISA - 10° (1,00 P.)

 7900 ft
 9400 ft
 7300 ft
 7600 ft

Answer 96

7300 ft

Press corr = (QNH - 1

True alt = Indicated alt + Press corr + Temp corr

Question 97

How can wind speed and wind direction be derived from surface weather charts?

 By alignment and distance of isobaric lines
 By alignment and distance of hypsometric lines
 By alignment of lines of warm- and cold fronts.
 By annotations from the text part of the chart

Answer 97

By alignment and distance of isobaric lines

Question 98

Which force causes “wind”? (1,00 P.)
 Centrifugal force
 Thermal force
 Coriolis force
 Pressure gradient force

Answer 98

Pressure gradient force

Question 99

Above the friction layer, with a prevailing pressure gradient, the wind direction is…

 perpendicular to the isohypses.
 at an angle of 30° to the isobars towards low pressure.
 parallel to the isobars.
 perpendicular to the isobars.

Answer 99

parallel to the isobars.

Question 100

Which of the stated surfaces will reduce the wind speed most due to ground friction?

 Flat land, deserted land, no vegetation
 Oceanic areas
 Mountainous areas, vegetation cover
 Flat land, lots of vegetation cover

Answer 100

Mountainous areas, vegetation cover

Question 101

The movement of air flowing together is called… (1,00 P.)

 convergence.
 divergence.
 soncordence.
 subsidence.

Answer 101

convergence.

Question 102

The movement of air flowing apart is called… (1,00 P.)

 convergence.
 concordence.
 divergence.
 subsidence.

Answer 102

divergence

Question 103

What weather development will result from convergence at ground level? (1,00 P.)

 Descending air and cloud formation
 Ascending air and cloud dissipation
 Descending air and cloud dissipation
 Ascending air and cloud formation

Answer 103

Ascending air and cloud formation

Question 104

When air masses meet each other head on, how is this referred to and what air movements will follow? (1,00 P.)

 Convergence resulting in sinking air

 Divergence resulting in sinking air

 Convergence resulting in air being lifted

 Divergence resulting in air being lifted

Answer 104

Convergence resulting in air being lifted

Question 105

What are the air masses that Central Europe is mainly influenced by? (1,00 P.)

 Arctic and polar cold air

 Polar cold air and tropical warm air

 Equatorial and tropical warm air

 Tropical and arctic cold air

Answer 105

Polar cold air and tropical warm air

Question 106

With regard to global circulation within the atmosphere, where does polar cold air meets subtropical warm air?

 At the equator
 At the geographic poles
 At the subtropical high pressure belt
 At the polar front

Answer 106

At the polar front

Question 107

Winds blowing uphill are defined as… (1,00 P.)

 katabatic winds.
 anabatic winds.
 convergent winds.
 subsident winds.

Answer 107

anabatic winds.

Question 108

Winds blowing downhill are defined as… (1,00 P.)

 anabatic winds.
 katabatic winds.
 convergent winds.
 subsident winds.

Answer 108

katabatic winds.

Question 109

Air descending behind a mountain range is defined as… (1,00 P.)

 katabatic wind.
 convergent wind.
 anabatic wind.
 divergent wind.

Answer 109

katabatic wind.

Question 110

“Foehn” conditions usually develop with… (1,00 P.)

 instability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge.

 stability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge.

 instability, high pressure area with calm wind.

 stability, high pressure area with calm wind.

Answer 110

stability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge.

Question 111

What type of turbulence is typically found close to the ground on the lee side during Foehn conditions? (1,00 P.)

 Inversion turbulence
 Turbulence in rotors
 Clear-air turbulence (CAT)
 Thermal turbulence

Answer 111

Turbulence in rotors

Question 112

Light turbulence always has to be expected… (1,00 P.)

 above cumulus clouds due to thermal convection.

 below stratiform clouds in medium layers.

 when entering inversions.

 below cumulus clouds due to thermal convection.

Answer 112

below cumulus clouds due to thermal convection

Question 113

Moderate to severe turbulence has to be expected… (1,00 P.)

 with the appearance of extended low stratus clouds (high fog).

 overhead unbroken cloud layers.

 below thick cloud layers on the windward side of a mountain range.

 on the lee side of a mountain range when rotor clouds are present.

Answer 113

on the lee side of a mountain range when rotor clouds are present

Question 114

Which answer contains every state of water found in the atmosphere? (1,00 P.)

 Liquid and solid

 Liquid, solid, and gaseous

 Gaseous and liquid

 Liquid

Answer 114

Liquid, solid, and gaseous

Question 115

**How do dew point and relative humidity change with decreasing temperature? (1,00 P.)

 Dew point remains constant, relative humidity decreases

 Dew point decreases, relative humidity increases

 Dew point increases, relative humidity decreases

 Dew point remains constant, relative humidity increases

Answer 115

Dew point remains constant, relative humidity increases

Question 116

How do spread and relative humidity change with increasing temperature? (1,00 P.)

 Spread increases, relative humidity decreases

 Spread remains constant, relative humidity decreases

 Spread increases, relative humidity increases

 Spread remains constant, relative humidity increases

Answer 116

Spread increases, relative humidity decreases

Spread = difference between actual temperature and dew point

Question 117

The “spread” is defined as… (1,00 P.)

 relation of actual to maximum possible humidity of air.

 maximum amount of water vapour that can be contained in air.

 difference between dew point and condensation point.

 difference between actual temperature and dew point.

Answer 117

difference between actual temperature and dew point

Question 118

With other factors remaining constant, decreasing temperature results in… (1,00 P.)

 decreasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.

 increasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.

 increasing spread and increasing relative humidity.

 decreasing spread and increasing relative humidity.

Answer 118

decreasing spread and increasing relative humidity.

Spread = difference between actual temperature and dew point

Question 119

What process causes latent heat being released into the upper troposphere? (1,00 P.)

 Descending air across widespread areas
 Stabilisation of inflowing air masses
 Cloud forming due to condensation
 Evaporation over widespread water areas

Answer 119

Cloud forming due to condensation

Question 120

The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is… (1,00 P.)

 lower than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 proportional to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 higher than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

Answer 120

lower than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

DALR = Unstaturated = Unstable = Turbulent = 3ºC/1000ft = 1ºC/100m
SALR = Stable = Saturated = 1.8ºC/1000ft = 0.6ºC/100m

SALR is less than DALR because heat is released during condensation process!

Question 121

The dry adiabatic lapse rate has a value of… (1,00 P.)

 1,0° C / 100 m.
 2° / 1000 ft.
 0,6° C / 100 m.
 0,65° C / 100 m.

Answer 121

1,0° C / 100 m.

DALR = Unstaturated = Unstable = Turbulent = 3ºC/1000ft = 1ºC/100m
SALR = Stable = Saturated = 1.8ºC/1000ft = 0.6ºC/100m

SALR is less than DALR because heat is released during condensation process!

Question 122

**The saturated adiabatic lapse rate should be assumed with a mean value of: **

 1,0° C / 100 m.
 0° C / 100 m.
 0,6° C / 100 m.
 2° C / 1000 ft.

Answer 122

0,6° C / 100 m.

DALR = Unstaturated = Unstable = Turbulent = 3ºC/1000ft = 1ºC/100m
SALR = Stable = Saturated = 1.8ºC/1000ft = 0.6ºC/100m

SALR is less than DALR because heat is released during condensation process!

Question 123

What weather conditions may be expected during conditionally unstable conditions?

 Layered clouds up to high levels, prolonged rain or snow
 Shallow cumulus clouds with base at medium levels
 Sky clear of clouds, sunshine, low winds
 Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms

Answer 123

Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms

DALR = Unstaturated = Unstable = Turbulent = 3ºC/1000ft = 1ºC/100m
SALR = Stable = Saturated = 1.8ºC/1000ft = 0.6ºC/100m

SALR is less than DALR because heat is released during condensation process!

Question 124

Which conditions are likely for the formation of advection fog? (1,00 P.)

 Cold, humid air moves over a warm ocean

 Warm, humid air moves over a cold surface

 Warm, humid air cools during a cloudy night

 Humidity evaporates from warm, humid ground into cold air

Answer 124

Warm, humid air moves over a cold surface

Can appear suddenly

Question 125

Clouds are basically distinguished by what types? (1,00 P.)

 Stratiform and ice clouds
 Layered and lifted clouds
 Cumulus and stratiform clouds
 Thunderstorm and shower clouds

Answer 125

Cumulus and stratiform clouds

Question 126

Clouds in high layers are referred to as… (1,00 P.)

 Nimbo-.
 Strato-.
 Alto-.
 Cirro-.

Answer 126

Cirro-

Low level = Strato
Medium level = Alto
High level = Cirro

Question 127

What weather phenomenon occurs at the top of standing waves on the lee side during “Foehn” conditions?

 Altocumulus Castellanus
 Nimbostratus
 Cumulonimbus
 Altocumulus lenticularis

Answer 127

Altocumulus lenticularis

Question 128

What factor may affect the top of cumulus clouds?

 Relative humidity
 The spread
 The presence of an inversion layer
 The absolute humidity

Answer 128

The presence of an inversion layer

Question 129

What factors may indicate a tendency to fog formation? (1,00 P.)

 Low pressure, increasing temperature

 Low spread, decreasing temperature

 Low spread, increasing temperature

 Strong winds, decreasing temperature

Answer 129

Low spread, decreasing temperature

Spread = Difference between actual temp and dew point temp

-Advection fog = warm + moist over cold surfaces
-Orographic fog = warm + moist + across mountain
-Radiation fog = Surface cooling at night (clear sky) + lightwind + after sunrise + low spread
-Steam fog = cold + over water
-Frontal fog = warm and moist + cold and moist + in advance of a warm front

Question 130

What condition may prevent the formation of “radiation fog”? (1,00 P.)

 Overcast cloud cover
 Calm wind
 Low spread
 Clear night, no clouds

Answer 130

Overcast cloud cover

-Advection fog = warm + moist over cold surfaces
-Orographic fog = warm + moist + across mountain
-Radiation fog = Surface cooling at night (clear sky) + lightwind + after sunrise + low spread
-Steam fog = cold + over water
-Frontal fog = warm and moist + cold and moist + in advance of a warm front

Question 131

What process results in the formation of “advection fog”? (1,00 P.)

 Cold, moist air is being moved across warm ground areas

 Warm, moist air is moved across cold ground areas

 Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

 Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds

Answer 131

Warm, moist air is moved across cold ground areas

-Advection fog = warm + moist over cold surfaces
-Orographic fog = warm + moist + across mountain
-Radiation fog = Surface cooling at night (clear sky) + lightwind + after sunrise + low spread
-Steam fog = cold + over water
-Frontal fog = warm and moist + cold and moist + in advance of a warm front

Question 132

What process results in the formation of “orographic fog” (“hill fog”)? (1,00 P.)

 Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds

 Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range

 Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

 Evaporation from warm, moist ground area into very cold air

Answer 132

Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range

-Advection fog = warm + moist over cold surfaces
-Orographic fog = warm + moist + across mountain
-Radiation fog = Surface cooling at night (clear sky) + lightwind + after sunrise + low spread
-Steam fog = cold + over water
-Frontal fog = warm and moist + cold and moist + in advance of a warm front

Question 133

What factors are required for the formation of precipitation in clouds? (1,00 P.)

 High humidity and high temperatures

 The presence of an inversion layer

 Calm winds and intensive sunlight insolation

 Moderate to strong updrafts

Answer 133

Moderate to strong updrafts

Question 134

The formation of medium to large precipitation particles requires… (1,00 P.)

 a high cloud base.

 strong wind.

 an inversion layer.

 strong updrafts.

Answer 134

strong updrafts

Question 135

Which type of cloud is associated with prolonged rain? (1,00 P.)

 Cumulonimbus

 Cirrostratus

 Nimbostratus

 Altocumulus

Answer 135

Nimbostratus

Question 136

Regarding the type of cloud, precipitation is classified as… (1,00 P.)

 light and heavy precipitation.

 showers of snow and rain.

 prolonged rain and continuous rain.

 rain and showers of rain.

Answer 136

rain and showers of rain.

Question 137

How is an air mass described when moving to Central Europe via the Russian
continent during winter? (1,00 P.)

 Maritime tropical air
 Continental tropical air
 Continental polar air
 Maritime polar air

Answer 137

Continental polar air

Question 138

The character of an air mass is given by what properties? (1,00 P.)

 Temperatures at origin and present region

 Wind speed and tropopause height

 Region of origin and track during movement

 Environmental lapse rate at origin

Answer 138

Region of origin and track during movement

Question 139

What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a warm front?

 In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night

 Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter

 Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

 Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

Answer 139

Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

Question 140

**What clouds and weather can typically be observed during the passage of a cold front? **

 In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night

 Strongly developed cumulus clouds (Cb) with showers of rain and thunderstorms, gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

 Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

 Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter

Answer 140

Strongly developed cumulus clouds (Cb) with showers of rain and thunderstorms, gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

Question 141

What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front low during summer time?

 Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground
 Good visibility, some isolated high clouds
 Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds
 Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms

Answer 141

Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds

Question 142

What visual flight conditions can be expected after the passage of a cold front?

 Scattered cloud layers, visibility more than 5 km, formation of shallow cumulus clouds

 Good visiblity, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow

 Medium visibility with lowering cloud bases, onset of prolonged precipitation

 Poor visibility, formation of overcast or ground-covering stratus clouds, snow

Answer 142

Good visiblity, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow

Question 143

A boundary between a cold polar air mass and a warm subtropical air mass showing no horizontal displacement is called…

 cold front.
 warm front.
 occluded front.
 stationary front.

Answer 143

stationary front

Question 144

What is the usual direction of movement of a polar front low?

 To the northwest during winter, to the southwest during summer
 To the northeast during winter, to the southeast during summer
 Parallel to the warm front line to the south
 Parallel to the the warm-sector isobars

Answer 144

Parallel to the the warm-sector isobars

Question 145

What pressure pattern can be observed during the passage of a polar front low?

 Rising pressure in front of the warm front,
constant pressure within the warm sector,
rising pressure behind the cold front

 Falling pressure in front of the warm front,
constant pressure within the warm sector,
rising pressure behind the cold front

 Falling pressure in front of the warm front,
constant pressure within the warm sector,
falling pressure behind the cold front

 Rising pressure in front of the warm front,
rising pressure within the warm sector,
falling pressure behind the cold front

Answer 145

Falling pressure in front of the warm front,
constant pressure within the warm sector,
rising pressure behind the cold front

Question 146

What pressure pattern can be observed when a cold front is passing?

 Continually decreasing pressure
 Shortly decreasing, thereafter increasing pressure
 Continually increasing pressure
 Constant pressure pattern

Answer 146

Shortly decreasing, thereafter increasing pressure

Question 147

Extensive high pressure areas can be found throughout the year …

 in areeas showing extensive lifting processes.
 in mid latitudes along the polar front
 over oceanic areas at latitues around 30°N/S.
 in tropical areas, close to the equator.

Answer 147

over oceanic areas at latitues around 30°N/S.

= Subtropical High

Question 148

What cloud type can typically be observed across widespread high pressure areas during summer?

 Overcast low stratus
 Scattered Cu clouds
 Overcast Ns clouds
 Squall lines and thunderstorms

Answer 148

Scattered Cu clouds

Question 149

What pressure pattern may result from cold-air inflow in high tropospheric layers?

 Formation of a low in the upper troposphere
 Formation of a high in the upper troposphere
 Formation of a large ground low
 Alternating pressure

Answer 149

Formation of a low in the upper troposphere

Question 150

Cold air inflow in high tropospheric layers may result in…

 showers and thunderstorms.
 stabilisation and calm weather.
 frontal weather.
 calm weather and cloud dissipation.

Answer 150

showers and thunderstorms

Question 151

**

How does inflowing cold air affect the shape and vertical distance between pressure layers? (1,00 P.)

 Increasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure)

 Decreasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure)

 Decrease in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure)

 Increase in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure)

Answer 151

Decrease in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure)

Question 152

What weather phenomena have to be expected around an upper-level trough? (1,00 P.)

 Calm wind, forming of shallow cumulus clouds

 Calm weather, formation of lifted fog layers

 Formation of high stratus clouds, ground-covering cloud bases

 Development of showers and thunderstorms (Cb)

Answer 152

Development of showers and thunderstorms (Cb)

Question 153

What frontal line divides subtropical air from polar cold air, in particular across Central Europe? (1,00 P.)

 Occlusion
 Cold front
 Polar front
 Warm front

Answer 153

Polar front

Question 154

What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during summer?

 Changing weather with passing of frontal lines

 Squall lines and thunderstorms

 Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog

 Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

Answer 154

Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

Question 155

What weather conditions in Central Europe are typically found in high pressure areas during summer?

 Large isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems

 Large isobar spacing with strong prevailing westerly winds

 Small isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems

 Small isobar spacing with strong prevailing northerly winds

Answer 155

Large isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems

Question 156

**What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during winter?
**
 Changing weather with passing of frontal lines

 Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

 Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog

 Squall lines and thunderstorms

Answer 156

Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog

Question 157

What wind conditions can be expected in areas showing large distances between isobars?

 Formation of local wind systems with strong prevailing westerly winds

 Strong prevailing easterly winds with rapid backing

 Strong prevailing westerly winds with rapid veering

 Variable winds, formation of local wind systems

Answer 157

Variable winds, formation of local wind systems

Question 158

What weather conditions can be expected during “Foehn” on the windward side of a mountain range?

 Dissipating clouds with unusual warming, accompanied by strong, gusty winds

 Scattered cumulus clouds with showers and thunderstorms

 Layered clouds, mountains obscured, poor visibility, moderate or heavy rain

 Calm wind and forming of high stratus clouds (high fog)

Answer 158

Layered clouds, mountains obscured, poor visibility, moderate or heavy rain

Question 159

Which of the stated wind phenomena will increase in speed since its path is narrowed by mountains?

 Bora
 Mistral
 Scirocco
 Passat

Answer 159

Mistral

Question 160

What is the name of the the cold, katabatic wind phenomena blowing from northeast into the Adriatic Sea?

 Scirocco
 Mistral
 Bora
 Passat

Answer 160

Bora

Question 161

**Which of the following conditions are most favourable for ice accretion? **

 Temperatures between 0° C and -12° C, presence of supercooled water droplets (clouds)

 Temperaturs below 0° C, strong wind, sky clear of clouds

 Temperatures between +10° C and -30° C, presence of hail (clouds)

 Temperatures between -20° C and -40° C, presence of ice crystals (Ci
clouds)

Answer 161

Temperatures between 0° C and -12° C, presence of supercooled water droplets (clouds)

Question 162

What temperatures are most dangerous with respect to airframe icing? (1,00 P.)

 +5° to -10° C
 0° to -12° C
 -20° to -40° C
 +20° to -5° C

Answer 162

0° to -12° C

Question 163

Which type of ice forms by very small water droplets and ice crystals hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft? (1,00 P.)

 Clear ice
 Mixed ice
 Hoar frost
 Rime ice

Answer 163

Rime ice

CLEAR ice = transparent = Large drops = Slow freezing = MORE DANGREOUS!

RIME ice = Milky = Small drops = immediate freezing = forming on leading edges = stratiform clouds

Question 164

Which type of ice forms by large, supercooled droplets hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft?

 Hoar frost
 Clear ice
 Rime ice
 Mixed ice

Answer 164

Clear ice

CLEAR ice = transparent = Large drops = Slow freezing = MORE DANGREOUS!

RIME ice = Milky = Small drops = immediate freezing = forming on leading edges = stratiform clouds

Question 165

What situation may result in the occurrence of severe wind shear?

 Flying ahead of a warm front with visible Ci clouds

 Cross-country flying below Cu clouds with about 4 octas coverage

 During final approach, 30 min after a heavy shower has passed the airfield

 When a shower is visible close to the airfield

Answer 165

When a shower is visible close to the airfield

Question 166

What conditions are favourable for the formation of thunderstorms?

 Warm humid air, conditionally unstable environmental lapse rate

 Calm winds and cold air, overcast cloud cover with St or As.

 Clear night over land, cold air and patches of fog

 Warm and dry air, strong inversion layer

Answer 166

Warm humid air, conditionally unstable environmental lapse rate

Question 167

What conditions are mandatory for the formation of thermal thunderstorms?

 Conditionally unstable atmosphere, low temperature and low humidity

 Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity

 Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and low humidity

 Conditionally unstable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity

Answer 167

Conditionally unstable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity

Question 168

With regard to thunderstorms, strong up- and downdrafts appear during the…

 initial stage.
 dissipating stage.
 mature stage.
 thunderstorm stage.

Answer 168

mature stage

Question 169

Which stage of a thunderstorm is dominated by updrafts?

 Dissipating stage
 Upwind stage
 Mature stage
 Cumulus stage

Answer 169

Cumulus stage

Mature stage = up AND down- drafts
Cumulus stage = up-drafts

Question 170

What danger is most immenent when an aircraft is hit by lightning?

 Rapid cabin depressurization and smoke in the cabin

 Surface overheat and damage to exposed aircraft parts

 Explosion of electrical equipment in the cockpit

 Disturbed radio communication, static noise signals

Answer 170

Surface overheat and damage to exposed aircraft parts

Question 171

Heavy downdrafts and strong wind shear close to the ground can be expected…

 during cold, clear nights with the formation of radiation fog.

 near the rainfall areas of heavy showers or thunderstorms.

 during approach to an airfield at the coast with a strong sea breeze.

 during warm summer days with high, flatted Cu clouds.

Answer 171

near the rainfall areas of heavy showers or thunderstorms.

Question 172

What phenomenon is caused by cold air downdrafts with precipitation from a fully developed thunderstorm cloud?

 Electrical discharge
 Anvil-head top of Cb cloud
 Gust front
 Freezing Rain

Answer 172

Gust front

Question 173

What has to be considered when taking off in a ground inversion?

 Climb should be performed with the lowest possible speed and maximum power

 Due to low temperatures close to the ground, icing has to be expected

 During climb, a sudden decrease in speed and climb performance has to be expected

 During the climb, a sudden increase in speed and climb performance has to be expected

Answer 173

During climb, a sudden decrease in speed and climb performance has to be expected

Question 174

What danger is most imminent during an approach to an airfield situated in a valley, with strong wind aloft blowing perpendicular to the mountain ridge?

 Reduced visibilty, maybe loss of sight to the airfield during final approach

 Formation of medium to heavy clear ice on all aircraft surfaces

 Heavy downdrafts within rainfall areas below thunderstorm clouds

 Wind shear during descent, wind direction may change by 180°

Answer 174

Wind shear during descent, wind direction may change by 180°

Question 175

What kind of reduction in visibility is not very sensitive to changes in temperature?

 Haze (HZ)
 Patches of fog (BCFG)
 Radiation fog (FG)
 Mist (BR)

Answer 175

Haze (HZ)

Question 176

Information about pressure patterns and frontal situation can be found in which chart?

 wind chart.
 surface weather chart.
 Significant Weather Chart (SWC).
 hypsometric chart.

Answer 176

surface weather chart.

Question 177

Which weather chart shows the actual air pressure as in MSL along with pressure centers and fronts?

 Hypsometric chart
 Surface weather chart
 Prognostic chart
 Wind chart

Answer 177

Surface weather chart

Question 178

What information can be obtained from satallite images?

 Temperature and dew point of environmental air

 Turbulence and icing

 Flight visibility, ground visibility, and ground contact

 Overview of cloud covers and front lines

Answer 178

Overview of cloud covers and front lines

Question 179

What chart shows areas of precipitation?

 GAFOR
 Wind chart
 Satellite picture
 Radar picture

Answer 179

Radar picture

Question 180

What information is NOT found on Low-Level Significant Weather Charts (LLSWC)?

 Information about icing conditions

 Radar echos of precipitation

 Information about turbulence areas

 Front lines and frontal displacements

Answer 180

Radar echos of precipitation

Question 181

Measured pressure distribution in MSL and corresponding frontal systems are displayed by the…

 prognostic chart.
 Significant Weather Chart (SWC).
 surface weather chart.
 hypsometric chart.

Answer 181

surface weather chart.

Question 182

In a METAR, “heavy rain” is designated by the identifier…

 RA.
 +SHRA.
 SHRA.
 +RA.

Answer 182

+RA

Question 183

**In a METAR, “(moderate) showers of rain” are designated by the identifier… **

 +RA.
 SHRA.
 +TSRA.
 TS.

Answer 183

SHRA

Question 184

What information can be found in the ATIS, but not in a METAR?

 Information about current weather, for example types of precipitation

 Operational information such as runway in use and transition level

 Information about mean wind speeds, maximum speeds in gusts if applicable

 Approach information, such as ground visibility and cloud base

Answer 184

Operational information such as runway in use and transition level

Question 185

**Weather and operational information about the destination aerodrome can be obtained during the flight by… **

 VOLMET.
 PIREP.
 ATIS.
 SIGMET.

Answer 185

ATIS

Question 186

SIGMET warnings are issued for…

 specific routings.
 airports.
 FIRs / UIRs.
 countries.

Answer 186

FIRs / UIRs

Question 187

An inversion is a layer …

 with increasing pressure with increasing height.

 with decreasing temperature with increasing height.

 with constant temperature with increasing height.

 with increasing temperature with increasing height.

Answer 187

with increasing temperature with increasing height.

Question 188

What can be expected for the prevailling wind with isobars on a surface weather chart showing large distances?

 Strong pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind

 Strong pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind

 Low pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind

 Low pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind

Answer 188

Low pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind

Large isobar distance = Low press gradient, Low wind
Small isobar distante = Large press gradient, Large wind

Question 189

What is referred to as mountain wind?

 Wind blowing uphill from the valley during daytime.

 Wind blowing uphill from the valley during the night.

 Wind blowing down the mountain side during the night

 Wind blowing down the mountain side during daytime.

Answer 189

Wind blowing down the mountain side during the night

Question 190

Under which conditions “back side weather” (“Rückseitenwetter”) can be expected?

 before passing of an occlusion

 During Foehn at the lee side

 After passing of a warm front

 After passing of a cold front

Answer 190

After passing of a cold front

Question 191

What wind is reportet as 225/15 ?

 north-east wind with 15 kt

 south-west wind with 15 km/h

 north-east wind with 15 km/h

 south-west wind with 15 kt

Answer 191

south-west wind with 15 kt

Question 192

How does air temperatur change in ISA from MSL to approx. 10.000 m height?

 from +20° to -40°C
 from +30° to -40°C
 from -15° to 50°C
 from +15° to -50°C

Answer 192

from +15° to -50°C

Question 193

What weather is likely to be experienced during “Foehn” in the Bavarian area close to the alps?

 High pressure area overhead Biskaya and low pressure area in Eastern Europe

 Cold, humid downhill wind on the lee side of the alps, flat pressure pattern

 Nimbostratus cloud in the northern alps, rotor clouds at the windward side, warm and dry wind

 Nimbostratus cloud in the southern alps, rotor clouds at the lee side, warm and dry wind

Answer 193

Nimbostratus cloud in the southern alps, rotor clouds at the lee side, warm and dry wind

Question 194

Mountain side updrafts can be intensified by …

 Solar irradiation on the windward side

 Solar irradiation on the lee side

 By warming of upper atmospheric layers

 thermal radiation of the windward side during the night

Answer 194

Solar irradiation on the windward side