Navigation Flashcards
Which statement is true? Select the most complete answer.
1- The earth rotates around its spin axis from west to east
2- All answers are correct
3- When viewing the earth from the north pole side, the direction of the earth’s rotation is anticlockwise
4- The ecliptic plane is not aligned with the equatorial plane
All answers are correct
What is the approximate length of an equatorial circumference of the Earth?
1- 40,075 km
2- 38,639 km
3- 22,000 NM
4- 21,500 NM
40,075 km
What is the shortest distance between 2 points on the earth’s surface called? Select the most complete answer.
1- A rhumb line track
2- A great circle track
3- A loxodrome track
4- All answers are correct
A great circle track
What is the approximate angle between the ecliptic plane and equatorial plane?
1- 23,5°
2- 22,5°
3- 33,5°
4- 0°
23,5°
What is a great circle?
1- The largest circle that can be plotted onto the earth’s surface
2- Any circle concentric with the earth, the radius of which is equal to the radius of the earth
3- Any circle that can be plotted onto the earth’s surface which is parallel to the equator
4- Any circle that can be plotted onto the earth’s surface which is parallel to a meridian
Any circle concentric with the earth, the radius of which is equal to the radius of the earth
At which latitude in March is the civil twilight the longest?
60°
45°
30°
0°
60°
What does the local mean time depend on? Select the most complete answer.
1- The time zone
2- All answers are correct
3- The UTC
4- The longitude
The longitude
What does the sunset and sunrise time depend on?
1- The longitude only
2- The latitude only
3- The latitude and the longitude
4- The season only
The latitude and the longitude
What path does the sun move along on the sky during the morning civil twilight?
1- From 0° to 6° 50′
2- From 6° 50′ to 0°
3- From 6° to 50′
4- From 50′ to 6°
From 50′ to 6°
Which statement is true?
1- The international date line at least partially coincides with the anti-meridian
2- The international date line at least partially coincides with the prime meridian
3- If the international date line is crossed from west to east, the date decreases
4- When the solar noon is over the anti-meridian, there is the same date in all locations around the world
The international date line at least partially coincides with the anti-meridian
What will be the value of the magnetic course if the True Course (TC) is 221° and the declination (∆M) is 7°W?
228°
214°
207°
232°
228°
MC = TC +/- M
Minus going E
Plus going W
Determining the course using the map, we obtain:
1- True Course (TC)
2- Magnetic Course (MC)
3- True Heading (TH)
4- Magnetic Heading (MH)
True Course (TC)
What is the value of the inclination at the equator?
0°
90°
60°
45°
0°
Dip (inclination) is:
-0 at the equator
-90 at the poles
What will be the value of the magnetic course if the True Course (TC) is 176° and the declination (∆M) is 6°E?
170°
182°
168°
188°
170°
MC = TC +/- M
Minus going E
Plus going W
What kind of navigational aid is a river?
1- linear
2- area
3- point
4- radio aid
linear
Which course do we get from the map with a protractor?
1- True Course (TC)
2- Magnetic Course (MC)
3- Magnetic Heading (MH)
4- True Heading (TH)
True Course (TC)
What does AIP AMDT section contains?
1- supplements
2- general information
3- enroute information
4- ammendments
ammendments
At what angle must the parallels and meridians intersect on the map according to the requirements imposed by ICAO Annex 4?
90°
45°
60°
none of the answers is correct
90°
Lambert’s projection is a modified projection of the projection.
1- cylindrical
2- conical
3- azimuthal
4- planar
conical
Lambert projection has ____ standard parallels, and conical projection has ____ .
-2 / 4
-1 / 2
-4 / 2
-2 / 1
2 / 1
DME reading is a ______ .
1- slant range
2- vertical range
3- horizontal range
4- none of the answers is correct
slant range
Which Q code is used to determine the true course from the station?
QTE
QDR
QDM
QUJ
QTE
Real Men Eat Jelly
Magnetic ….. From/To
True
Which of the following systems share the fame frequency bands?
1- VOR and ILS
2- VOR and DME
3- VOR and ADF
4- ADF and DME
VOR and ILS
Which Q code is used to determine the magnetic course to the station?
QDM
QUJ
QTE
QDR
QDM
Real Men Eat Jelly
Magnetic ….. From/To
True
Which Q code is used to determine the magnetic course from the station?
QDM
QUJ
QDR
QTE
QDR
Real Men Eat Jelly
Magnetic ….. From/To
True
The centrifugal force acting on the earth has ___ the sun’s gravitational force, and points ____ the earth’s orbit.
1- the same direction as; towards
2- the opposite direction to; outside of
3- the opposite direction to; towards
4- the same direction as; outside of
the opposite direction to; outside of
Which statement is true? Select the most complete answer.
1- The earth rotates around its spin axis from west to east
2- All answers are correct
3- When viewing the earth from the north pole side, the direction of the earth’s rotation is anticlockwise
4- The ecliptic plane is not aligned with the equatorial plane
All answers are correct
With reference to great circles, which sentence is true?
1- A great circle track is not always the shortest distance between 2 points
2- All great circles lay half on the northern, and half on the southern hemisphere
3- Every meridian is a great circle
4- Any 2 points can be linked by only 1 great circle
Every meridian is a great circle
What path does the sun move along on the sky during the morning civil twilight?
From 0° to 6° 50′
From 6° 50′ to 0°
From 6° to 50′
From 50′ to 6°
From 50′ to 6°
At which latitude in March is the civil twilight the longest?
60°
45°
30°
0°
60°
Which statement is true?
1- The international date line at least partially coincides with the anti-meridian
2- The international date line at least partially coincides with the prime meridian
3- If the international date line is crossed from west to east, the date decreases
4- When the solar noon is over the anti-meridian, there is the same date in all locations around the world
The international date line at least partially coincides with the anti-meridian
For two points located at different longitudes local mean time ______ and standard time _____ .
1- must differ; must differ
2- can be the same; can be the same
3- must differ; can be the same
4- can be the same; must differ
must differ; can be the same
What is the name of the line connecting points with equal declination values?
1- isogonic line
2- deviation line
3- declination line
4- inclination line
isogonic line
Determining the course using the map, we obtain:
1- True Course (TC)
2- Magnetic Course (MC)
3- True Heading (TH)
4- Magnetic Heading (MH)
True Course (TC)
Declination is:
1- the line connecting points of equal inclinations
2- the angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian
3- the angle between the compass meridian and the magnetic meridian
4- the angle between the Earth’s magnetic vector and the plane tangent to its surface
the angle between the geographic meridian and the magnetic meridian
Which course do we get from the map with a protractor?
1- True Course (TC)
2- Magnetic Course (MC)
3- Magnetic Heading (MH)
4- True Heading (TH)
True Course (TC)
At what angle must the parallels and meridians intersect on the map according to the requirements imposed by ICAO Annex 4?
90°
45°
60°
none of the answers is correct
90°
The GPS satellite constellation consists of _____ .
24 satellites
12 satellites
6 satellites
4 satellites
24 satellites
What will be the DME indication when we are directly above the station at an altitude of 6000 ft?
1- the indication will be incorrect due to cone of silence
2- 1 NM
3- 10 NM
4- 12 NM
the indication will be incorrect due to cone of silence
The rotational axis of the Earth runs through the… (1,00 P.)
geographic North Pole and on the geographic South Pole.
geographic North Pole and on the magnetic south pole.
magnetic north pole and on the magnetic south pole.
magnetic north pole and on the geographic South Pole.
geographic North Pole and on the geographic South Pole.
Which statement is correct with regard to the polar axis of the Earth? (1,00 P.)
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole and is at an angle of 23.5° to the plane of the equator
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the magnetic south pole and the magnetic north pole and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the magnetic south pole and the magnetic north pole and is at an angle of 66.5° to the plane of the equator
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator
Which approximate, geometrical form describes the shape of the Earth best for navigation systems? (1,00 P.)
Sphere of ecliptical shape
Ellipsoid
Perfect sphere
Flat plate
Ellipsoid
Which statement about a rhumb line is correct? (1,00 P.)
A rhumb line cuts each meridian at the same angle.
The center of a complete cycle of a rhumb line is always the Earth’s center.
The shortest track between two points along the Earth’s surface follows a rhumb line.
A rhumb line is a great circle intersecting the the equator with 45° angle.
A rhumb line cuts each meridian at the same angle.
The shortest distance between two points on Earth is represented by a part of..
a great circle.
a small circle.
a rhumb line.
a parallel of latitude.
a great circle
The circumference of the Earth at the equator is approximately…
10800 km.
40000 NM.
12800 km.
21600 NM.
21600 NM
or 40 000 km
What is the difference in latitude between
A (12°53’30’‘N) and B (07°34’30’‘S)? (1,00 P.)
20°28’00’’
05,19°
20,28°
05°19’00’’
20°28’00’’
Where are the two polar circles? (1,00 P.)
At a latitude of 20.5°S and 20.5°N
23.5° north and south of the poles
23.5° north and south of the equator
20.5° south of the poles
23.5° north and south of the poles
What is the distance between the parallels of latitude 48°N and 49°N along a meridian line? (1,00 P.)
1 NM
60 NM
111 NM
10 NM
60 NM
One nautical mile = one minute of latitude
60 min = 1 degree of latitude
1 degree = 60 NM
What distance corresponds to one degree difference in latitude along any degree of longitude? (1,00 P.)
1 NM
60 NM
30 NM
60 km
60 NM
One nautical mile = one minute of latitude
60 min = 1 degree of latitude
1 degree = 60 NM
Point A on the Earth’s surface lies exactly on the parallel of latitude of 47°50’27’‘N.
Which point is exactly 240 NM north of A?
43°50’27’‘N
53°50’27’‘N
49°50’27’‘N
51°50’27’N’
51°50’27’N
240/60 = 4º
One nautical mile = one minute of latitude
60 min = 1 degree of latitude
1 degree = 60 NM
What is the distance between the two parallels of longitude 150°E and 151°E along the equator? (1,00 P.)
60 km
111 NM
60 NM
1 NM
60 NM
One nautical mile = one minute of latitude
60 min = 1 degree of latitude
1 degree = 60 NM
What is the great circle distance between two points A and B on the equator when the difference between the two associated meridians is exactly one degree of longitude?
60 NM
400 NM
120 NM
216 NM
60 NM
One nautical mile = one minute of latitude
60 min = 1 degree of latitude
1 degree = 60 NM
Assume two arbitrary points A and B on the same parallel of latitude, but not on the equator. Point A is located on 010°E and point B on 020°E.
The rumb line distance between A and B is always… (1,00 P.)
more than 600 NM.
less than 600 NM.
more than 300 NM.
less than 300 NM.
less than 600 NM
One nautical mile = one minute of latitude
60 min = 1 degree of latitude
1 degree = 60 NM
What is the difference in time when the sun moves 20° of longitude? (1,00 P.)
1:20 h
0:20 h
0:40 h
1:00 h
1:20 h
Sun moves 4º per minute
What is the difference in time when the sun moves 10° of longitude? (1,00 P.)
0:30 h
0:04 h
0:40 h
1:00 h
0:40 h
Sun moves 4º per minute
The sun moves 10° of longitude. What is the difference in time?
0.4 h
1 h
0.33 h
0.66 h
0.66 h
**With Central European Summer Time (CEST) given as UTC+2, what UTC time corresponds to 1600 CEST? **
1600 UTC.
1500 UTC.
1700 UTC.
1400 UTC.
1400 UTC
What DME reading will be obtained by being at 36,000 ft at a horizontal distance of 8 NM from the DME radio station?
10 NM
12 NM
11 NM
13 NM
10 NM
What frequency range does the VHF band have?
30 – 300 MHz
30 – 300 kHz
3 – 30 GHz
300 – 3 000 kHz
30 – 300 MHz
What is the accuracy of DME P?
< 0,2 NM
< 0, 25 NM
> 0,2 NM
> 0,25 NM
< 0,2 NM
How to prevent compass turning error in the northern hemisphere?
1- turning north - stop the turn earlier, turning south - stop the turn later
2- turning north - stop the turn later, turning south - stop the turn later
3- turning north - stop the turn later, turning south - stop the turn earlier
4- turning north - stop the turn earlier, turning south - stop the turn earlier
1- turning north - stop the turn earlier, turning south - stop the turn later
Turning errors:
Northen hemisphere: UNOS
Southern hemisphere: ONUS
The ferromagnet is:
1- a magnet
2- a material that contains magnetic domains
3- a material that does not contain any magnetic domains
4- a material that does not exhibit magnetic properties
a material that contains magnetic domains
For two points located at different longitudes local mean time ___ and standard time ___ .
1- must differ; must differ
2- can be the same; can be the same
3- must differ; can be the same
4- can be the same; must differ
must differ; can be the same
At which latitude in March is the civil twilight the longest?
60°
45°
30°
0°
60°
What is the maximum difference between the lengths of the apparent solar day and the civil day?
38 min
16 min
8 min
24 min
16 min
With reference to great circles, which sentence is true?
1- A great circle track is not always the shortest distance between 2 points
2- All great circles lay half on the northern, and half on the southern hemisphere
3- Every meridian is a great circle
4- Any 2 points can be linked by only 1 great circle
Every meridian is a great circle
Which model of the Earth is approved by the ICAO for use in navigation?
1- The model proposed in 1980 as the World Geodetic System
2- No other answer is correct
3- The model called Clarke ellipsoid
4- The model proposed in 1984 as the World Geodetic System
The model proposed in 1984 as the World Geodetic System
What is a great circle?
1- The largest circle that can be plotted onto the earth’s surface
2- Any circle concentric with the earth, the radius of which is equal to the radius of the earth
3- Any circle that can be plotted onto the earth’s surface which is parallel to the equator
4- Any circle that can be plotted onto the earth’s surface which is parallel to a meridian
Any circle concentric with the earth, the radius of which is equal to the radius of the earth
UTC is… (1,00 P.)
a zonal time.
a local time in Central Europe.
local mean time at a specific point on Earth.
an obligatory time used in aviation.
an obligatory time used in aviation
With Central European Time (CET) given as UTC+1, what UTC time corresponds to 1700 CET?
1600 UTC.
1500 UTC.
1700 UTC.
1800 UTC.
1600 UTC
Vienna (LOWW) is located at 016° 34’E, Salzburg (LOWS) at 013° 00’E.
The latitude of both positions can be considered as equal.
What is the difference of sunrise and sunset times, expressed in UTC, between Wien and Salzburg? (2,00 P.)
In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 14 minutes earlier than in Salzburg
In Vienna the sunrise is 14 minutes earlier and sunset is 14 minutes later than in Salzburg
In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 4 minutes later than in Salzburg
In Vienna the sunrise is 4 minutes later and sunset is 4 minutes earlier than in Salzburg
In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 14 minutes earlier than in Salzburg
The term ‘civil twilight’ is defined as… (1,00 P.)
the period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the true horizon.
the period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the apparent horizon.
the period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 12 degrees or less below the true horizon.
the period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 12 degrees or less below the apparent horizon.
the period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the true horizon.
Given:
WCA: -012°; TH: 125°; MC: 139°; DEV: 002°E
What are: TC, MH und CH?
(2,00 P.)
TC: 113°.
MH: 127°.
CH: 129°.
TC: 137°.
MH: 127°.
CH: 125°.
TC: 137°.
MH: 139°.
CH: 125°.
TC: 113°.
MH: 139°.
CH: 129°.
TC: 137°.
MH: 127°.
CH: 125°.
-MC = TC +/- VAR
-Course + WCA = Heading
-“Can Dead Men Vote Twice”
-
Given:
TC: 179°; WCA: -12°; VAR: 004° E; DEV: +002°
What are MH and MC?
MH: 167°.
MC: 175°.
MH: 167°.
MC: 161°.
MH: 163°.
MC: 175°.
MH: 163°.
MC: 161°.
MH: 163°.
MC: 175°.
-MC = TC +/- VAR
-Course + WCA = Heading
-“Can Dead Men Vote Twice”
The angle between the true course and the true heading is called… (1,00 P.)
WCA.
deviation.
variation.
inclination.
WCA.
Course + WCA = Heading
The angle between the magnetic course and the true course is called… (1,00 P.)
deviation.
WCA.
variation.
inclination.
variation
VARIATION - angle between True North and Magnetic North
vs
DEVIATION – angle between compass north and magnetic north.
(Ferrous metal (engines etc.) and electrical equipment can deflect the compass from magnetic north)
The term ‘True Course’ (TC) is defined as… (1,00 P.)
the angle between magnetic north and the course line.
the direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographic North Pole
.
the angle between true north and the course line.
the direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the magnetic north pole.
the angle between true north and the course line.
Given:
TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200°
What are TH and VAR?
TH: 194°.
VAR: 004° W
TH: 194°.
VAR: 004° E
TH: 172°.
VAR: 004° W
TH: 172°.
VAR: 004° E
TH: 194°.
VAR: 004° W
-MC = TC +/- VAR
-Course + WCA = Heading
-“Can Dead Men Vote Twice”
Given:
TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200°
What are the TH and the DEV?
TH: 172°.
DEV: +002°.
TH: 172°.
DEV: -002°.
TH: 194°.
DEV: -002°.
TH: 194°.
DEV: +002°.
TH: 194°.
DEV: -002°.
Given:
TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200°
What are the VAR and the DEV?
VAR: 004° W.
DEV: +002°.
VAR: 004° W.
DEV: -002°.
VAR: 004° E.
DEV: +002°.
VAR: 004° E.
DEV: -002°.
VAR: 004° W.
DEV: -002°
Where does the inclination reach its lowest value?
At the magnetic equator
At the magnetic poles
At the geographic equator
At the geographic poles
At the magnetic equator
The angle between compass north and magnetic north is called… (1,00 P.)
WCA.
variation.
inclination.
deviation.
deviation
VARIATION - angle between True North and Magnetic North
vs
DEVIATION – angle between compass north and magnetic north.
(Ferrous metal (engines etc.) and electrical equipment can deflect the compass from magnetic north)
Which direction corresponds to ‘compass north’ (CN)? (1,00 P.)
The most northerly part of the magnetic compass in the aircraft, where the reading takes place
The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographical North Pole
The angle between the aircraft heading and magnetic north
The direction to which the direct reading compass aligns due to earth’s and aircraft’s magnetic fields
The direction to which the direct reading compass aligns due to earth’s and aircraft’s magnetic fields
VARIATION - angle between True North and Magnetic North
vs
DEVIATION – angle between compass north and magnetic north.
(Ferrous metal (engines etc.) and electrical equipment can deflect the compass from magnetic north)
The term ‘isogonal’ or ‘isogonic line’ is defined as a line on an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the same value of… (1,00 P.)
inclination.
deviation.
heading.
variation.
variation
The term ‘agonic line’ is defined as a line on Earth or an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the… (1,00 P.)
deviation of 0°.
inclination of 0°.
heading of 0°.
variation of 0°.
variation of 0°
Which are the official basic units for horizontal distances used in aeronautical
navigation and their abbreviations? (1,00 P.)
feet (ft), inches (in)
Nautical miles (NM), kilometers (km)
Yards (yd), meters (m)
Land miles (SM), sea miles (NM)
Nautical miles (NM), kilometers (km)
1000 ft equal… (1,00 P.)
30 km.
3000 m.
300 m.
30 m.
300 m
5500 m equal… (1,00 P.)
7500 ft.
18000 ft.
10000 ft.
30000 ft.
18000 ft
Which of the items on the attached checklist are related to the direct reading
compass?
See annex (NAV-004) (1,00 P.)
“Turning Instruments” only
“Gyro” and “Circuit Breaker”
“Gyro” and “Turning Instruments”
“Turning Instruments” and “Circuit Breaker”
“Gyro” and “Turning Instruments”
What could be a reason for changing the runway indicators at aerodromes (e.g. from runway 06 to runway 07)? (1,00 P.)
The magnetic deviation of the runway location has changed
The magnetic variation of the runway location has changed
The direction of the approach path has changed
The true direction of the runway alignment has changed
The magnetic variation of the runway location has changed
Electronic devices on board of an aeroplane have influence on the… (1,00 P.)
turn coordinator.
airspeed indicator.
artificial horizon.
direct reading compass.
direct reading compass.
Which are the properties of a Mercator chart?
The scale is constant, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines
The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines
The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as straight lines, rhumb lines are depicted as curved lines
The scale is constant, great circles are depicted as straight lines, rhumb lines are depicted as curved lines
The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines
Mercator = Great circles CURVED; Rhumb lines STRAIGHT; scale increases
vs
Lambert = Great circles STRAIGHT, Rhumb lines STRAIGHT; scale is constant
How are rhumb lines and great circles depicted on a direct Mercator chart? (1,00 P.)
Rhumb lines: curved lines
Great circles: straight lines
Rhumb lines: curved lines
Great circles: curved lines
Rhumb lines: straight lines
Great circles: curved lines
Rhumb lines: straight lines
Great circles: straight lines
Rhumb lines: straight lines
Great circles: curved lines
Mercator = Great circles CURVED; Rhumb lines STRAIGHT; scale increases
vs
Lambert = Great circles STRAIGHT, Rhumb lines STRAIGHT; scale is constant
Which are the properties of a Lambert conformal chart? (1,00 P.)
Great circles are depicted as straight lines and the chart is an equal-area projection
The chart is conformal and an equal-area projection
The chart is conformal and nearly true to scale
Rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines and the chart is conformal
The chart is conformal and nearly true to scale
Mercator = Great circles CURVED; Rhumb lines STRAIGHT; scale increases
vs
Lambert = Great circles STRAIGHT, Rhumb lines STRAIGHT; scale is constant
**Which lines have to be used by the pilot to determine the aircraft’s position? **
True bearings (QTE)
Magnetic bearings (QDR)
Relative bearings (RB)
Magnetic headings (MH)
True bearings (QTE)
The distance between two airports is 220 NM.
On an aeronautical navigation chart the pilot measures 40.7 cm for this distance. The chart scale is… (1,00 P.)
1 : 250000.
1 : 2000000.
1 : 500000.
1 : 1000000.
The distance between two airports is 220 NM.
On an aeronautical navigation chart the pilot measures 40.7 cm for this distance.
The chart scale is… (1,00 P.)
1 : 250000.
1 : 2000000.
1 : 500000.
1 : 1000000.
1cm = 5 NM = scale 1 to 1 million
A distance of 7.5 cm on an aeronautical chart represents a distance of 60.745 NM in reality.
What is the chart scale? (1,00 P.)
1 : 500000
1 : 1 000 000
1 : 150000
1 : 1 500 000
1 : 1 500 000
1cm = 5 NM = scale 1 to 1 million
Convert nautical miles to cm.. than divide the covented value by the given number of cm on the question
For a short flight from A to B the pilot extracts the following information from an aeronautical chart:
True course: 245°.
Magnetic variation: 7° W
The magnetic course (MC) equals… (1,00 P.)
252°.
245°.
007°.
238°.
252°.
An aircraft is flying with an indicated airspeed (IAS) of 150 kt at 8000 ft MSL. According to the rule of thumb, the true airspeed (TAS) equals… (1,00 P.)
174 kt.
150 kt.
142 kt.
208 kt.
174 kt.
Rule of thumb = Add 2% to IAS per each 1000ft of elevation
In this case…
150kt* 0.02 = 3 —–> 3x8 = 24
150 + 24 = 174 kt
Given:
True course from A to B: 250°.
Ground distance: 210 NM.
TAS: 130 kt.
Headwind component: 15 kt.
Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0915 UTC.
The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is… (2,00 P.)
1115 UTC.
1105 UTC.
1005 UTC.
1052 UTC.
1105 UTC.
1-Calculate GS using flight computer
2-Divide the 210NM by the ground speed value
3-Add that value to the ETD
Given:
True course from A to B: 283°.
Ground distance: 75 NM.
TAS: 105 kt.
Headwind component: 12 kt.
Estimated time of departure (ETD): 1242 UTC.
The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is… (1,00 P.)
1430 UTC
1356 UTC
1330 UTC
1320 UTC
1330 UTC
kt = NM per hour
1-Calculate GS using flight computer
2-Divide the 75NM by the ground speed value
3-Add that value to the ETD
Given:
True course from A to B: 352°.
Ground distance: 100 NM.
GS: 107 kt.
Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0933 UTC.
The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is…
(1,00 P.)
1129 UTC.
1029 UTC.
1146 UTC.
1045 UTC.
1029 UTC
An aircraft travels 100 km in 56 minutes. The ground speed (GS) equals…
58 km/h.
198 kt.
93 kt.
107 km/h.
107 km/h
Regra 3 simples
**An aircraft travels 110 NM within 01:25. The ground speed (GS) equals…
120 km/h.
160 km/h.
86 kt.
78 kt.
78 kt.
Regra 3 simples
What is the required flight time for a distance of 236 NM with a ground speed of 134 kt?
1:34 h
0:46 h
1:46 h
0:34 h
1:46 h
Regra 3 simples
An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 120 kt and experiences 35 kt tailwind. How much time is needed for a distance of 185 NM?
1 h 32 min
0 h 50 min
1 h 12 min
2 h 11 min
1 h 12 min
Simply ADD the TAILwind to the TAS to get the ground speed
**An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt and a headwind component of 25 kt for 2 hours and 25 minutes.
The distance flown equals… **
693 NM.
435 NM.
375 NM.
202 NM.
375 NM
Simply SUBTRACT the HEADwind to the TAS to get the ground speed
**Given:
Calibrated airspeed (CAS): 155 kt.
Flight level (FL) 80.
Outside air temperature (OAT): +15° C.
The true airspeed (TAS) equals…
155 kts.
170 kts.
180 kts.
134 kts.
180 kts.
**An aircraft is flying at aFL 75
with an outside air temperature (OAT) of -9°C.
The QNH altitude is 6500 ft.
The true altitude equals… (1,00 P.)
6500 ft.
6750 ft.
7000 ft.
6250 ft.
6250 ft.
An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature (OAT) of +11°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals… (1,00 P.)
6500 ft.
7000 ft.
6750 ft.
6250 ft.
6750 ft.
An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature
(OAT) of +21°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals…
6750 ft.
6250 ft.
7000 ft.
6500 ft.
7000 ft.
***Given:
True course: 255°.
TAS: 100 kt.
Wind: 200°/10 kt.
The true heading equals…
245°.
275°.
265°.
250°.
250°.
Given:
True course: 165°.
TAS: 90 kt.
Wind: 130°/20 kt.
Distance: 153 NM.
The true heading equals…
126°.
158°.
152°.
165°.
158°
Given:
Ground speed (GS): 160 kt.
True course (TC): 177°.
Wind vector (W/WS): 140°/20 kt.
The true heading (TH) equals…
169°.
173°.
184°.
180°.
173°
An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 220° at a constant TAS of 220 kt. The wind
vector is 270°/50 kt.
The ground speed (GS) equals…
170 kt.
185 kt.
255 kt.
135 kt.
185 kt.
An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of
180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt.
The groundspeed (GS) equals…
172 kt.
159 kt.
155 kt.
168 kt.
159 kt
An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of
180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt.
The wind correction angle (WCA) equals…
+ 5°
+ 11°
- 7°
- 9°
-7°
Given:
True course: 270°.
TAS: 100 kt.
Wind: 090°/25 kt.
Distance: 100 NM.
The ground speed (GS) equals…
125 kt.
117 kt.
120 kt.
131 kt.
125 kt.
***Given:
True course: 270°.
TAS: 100 kt.
Wind: 090°/25 kt.
Distance: 100 NM.
The flight time equals… *
62 Min.
37 Min.
48 Min.
84 Min.
48 Min.
First you have to calculate Ground Speed…
Then calculate time with GS and given distance
An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of
180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt.
The wind correction angle (WCA) equals…
7° left.
3° right.
3° left.
7° right.
7° left.
ATENÇAO….o drift é para a direita, mas o WCA é para a esquerda!!!!
Given:
True course: 120°.
TAS: 120 kt.
Wind: 150°/12 kt.
The WCA equals… (1,00 P.)
6° to the right.
3° to the left.
3° to the right.
6° to the left.
3° to the right.
ATENÇAO….o drift é para a esquerda, mas o WCA é para a direita!!!!
The distance from ‘A’ to ‘B’ measures 120 NM. At a distance of 55 NM from ‘A’ the pilot realizes a deviation of 7 NM to the right.
What approximate course change must be made to reach ‘B’ directly?
8° left
6° left
15° left
14° left
14° left
Use the 1 in 60 rule!
(NM off track * 60) / NM flown = track error
+
(NM off track * 60) / NM to go = Correction angle
= heading correction
An aeroplane has a heading of 090°. The distance which has to be flown is 90 NM. After 45 NM the aeroplane is 4.5 NM north of the planned flight path.
What is the corrected heading to reach the arrival aerodrome directly?
18° to the right
12° to the right
6° to the right
9° to the right
12° to the right
Use the 1 in 60 rule!
(NM off track * 60) / NM flown = track error
+
(NM off track * 60) / NM to go = Correction angle
= heading correction
What is the meaning of the 1:60 rule?
6 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 10 NM
60 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 1 NM
1 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM
10 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM
1 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM
An aircraft is flying from ‘A’ to ‘B’ (distance 220 NM) at an average ground speed (GS) of 120 kt. It departs ‘A’ at 1200 UTC. After 70 NM along the course from ‘A’, the aircraft is 5 min ahead of the planned schedule.
Using the actual GS, what is the revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) at B?
1335 UTC
1340 UTC
1345 UTC
1330 UTC
1335 UTC
-First determine planned fight duration (1:50h)
-Then determine original ETA (13:50)
-Then 3 simple rule (if 5 min after 70NM, then x min after 220… = 15 min)
-new ETA is 13:35
Assume calm wind and an aircraft descending from 9000 ft to 1500 ft.
The rate of descent (ROD) equals 1200 ft/min.
The elapsed time will be… (1,00 P.)
6 min.
15 min.
12 min.
8 min.
6 min
Regra 3 simples
-Calculate total descent ft
-3 simple rule… if 1200ft in 1 min, then 7500 in x
Assume zero wind and an aircraft descending from 7500 ft to 1200 ft with an average true airspeed (TAS) during the descent of 105 kt. The rate of descent (ROD) equals 800
ft/min. The elapsed time will be…
8 Min.
6 Min.
15 Min.
12 Min.
8 Min
-Calculate total descent ft
-3 simple rule… if 800ft in 1 min, then 6300 in x
Which answer completes the flight plan (marked cells)?
TC = 179
VAR = 1E
WCA = +6
TH: 185°. MH: 185°. MC: 180°.
TH: 185°. MH: 184°. MC: 178°.
TH: 173°. MH: 174°. MC: 178°.
TH: 173°. MH: 184°. MC: 178°.
TH: 185°. MH: 184°. MC: 178°.
MC = TC +/- VAR (“East is Least, West is Best)
TH = TC +/- WCA
The approximate propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is… (1,00 P.)
300 000 km/s.
300 000 m/s.
300 000 NM/s.
300 000 ft/s.
300 000 km/s
Speed of light
Radio waves within the LF and MF range (e.g. NDB) travel as…
sky wave.
sky wave and as ground / surface wave.
ground / surface wave.
space wave (quasi-optical).
sky wave and as ground / surface wave.
-NDB (LF / MF) = sky wave + ground wave
-VOR (VHF) = space wave (quasi optical) –» travel through the air directly from the transmitter to the receiver.
Radio waves within the VHF range (e.g. VOR) travel as…
sky wave and ground / surface wave.
ground / surface wave.
sky wave.
space wave (quasi-optical).
space wave (quasi-optical).
-NDB (LF / MF) = sky wave + ground wave
-VOR (VHF) = space wave (quasi optical) –» travel through the air directly from the transmitter to the receiver.
Quasi-optical waves travel… (1,00 P.)
along the surface of the earth.
through the air directly from the transmitter to the receiver.
through the air and are influenced (e.g. reflected) by the ionosphere.
along the surface of the earth, but are absorbed by the sea.
through the air directly from the transmitter to the receiver.
A VHF direction finder (VDF) can determine…
slant ranges.
magnetic bearings.
approach speeds.
true courses.
magnetic bearings.
**Which equipment is needed on board of an aircraft to use a VHF direction finder (VDF)? **
At least two VHF aerials
A VHF radio
A relative bearing indicator (RBI)
A VDF receiver
A VHF radio
***Given:
QDM: 138°
VAR: 10° E
The QUJ equals… *
168°.
318°.
328°.
148°.
148°.
Given:
QDR: 022°
VAR: 10° E
The QTE equals…
212°.
202°.
052°.
032°.
032°.
Given:
QTE: 229°
VAR: 10° W
The QDM equals…
039°.
059°.
239°.
049°.
059°
Note that since you’re given “from” but asked to answer “to”,you first have to convert QTE to QUJ by using the radial (-180º)
Given:
QDM: 248°
VAR: 10° W
The QTE is…
238°.
078°.
058°.
258°.
058°
First you have to convert the given QDM to QDR by using the radial (-180ºC)
Given:
QDR: 067°
VAR: 5° E
The QDM equals…
247°.
072°.
252°.
257°.
247°
you just have to convert QDR (magnetic FROM) to QDM (magnetic TO) by using the radial (+180º)
Given:
QDR: 152°
VAR: 5° W
DEV: 5° E
The QUJ equals… (1,00 P.)
332°.
147°.
327°.
317°.
327°
***Given:
QTE: 203°
VAR: 10° E
The QDR equals…
*
023°.
213°.
193°.
013°.
193°
**Given:
QTE: 248°
VAR: 10° W
The QDR equals…
068°.
238°.
258°.
078°.
258°
Given:
QDM: 134°
VAR: 5° W
The QTE equals…
314°.
299°.
129°.
309°.
309°
The pilot receives a QDR of 225° from the VDF ground station.
Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station?
Southeast
Northeast
Southwest
Northwest
Southwest
The term QDR means…
magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft.
true bearing from the aircraft to the station.
magnetic bearing from the aircraft to the station.
true bearing from the station to the aircraft.
magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft.
“Real Men Eat Jelly”
Magnetic ….. From/To
True
The term QTE means…
magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft.
magnetic bearing from the aircraft to the station.
true bearing from the station to the aircraft.
true bearing from the aircraft to the station.
true bearing from the station to the aircraft.
“Real Men Eat Jelly”
Magnetic ….. From/To
True
A pilot receives a QDR of 135° from the VDF ground station.
Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station?
Northwest
Southeast
Southwest.
Northeast
Southeast
A pilot receives a QDR of 315° from the VDF ground station.
Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station?
Northwest
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
Northwest
The VDF range depends on…
the aircraft’s speed.
the condition of the ionosphere.
the range of the ground / surface wave.
the aircraft’s altitude.
the aircraft’s altitude
**Which equipment is needed on board of an aircraft to receive signals from a non- directional beacon (NDB)? **
Course deviation indicator (CDI)
Horizontal situation indicator (HSI)
Automatic direction finder (ADF)
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)
Automatic direction finder (ADF)
Non-directional beacons (NDBs) transmit within which frequency band?
Very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF)
Low frequency (LF) and medium frequency (MF)
High frequency (HF)
Very high frequency (VHF)
Low frequency (LF) and medium frequency (MF)
-NDB (LF / MF) = sky wave + ground wave
-VOR (VHF) = space wave (quasi optical) –» travel through the air directly from the transmitter to the receiver.
**109 A pilot wants to approach an NDB on QDM 090°. The aircraft flies for about 5 minutes with a magnetic heading (MH) of 095° and the RBI indication of 355°. After 6 minutes the RBI indicates 358°.
Which statement is correct? **
The crosswind component increased; the pilot has to increase the MH
The crosswind component increased; the pilot has to decrease the MH
The crosswind component decreased; the pilot has to increase the MH
The crosswind component decreased; the pilot has to decrease the MH
The crosswind component increased; the pilot has to increase the MH
The pilot wants to proceed directly to the beacon. The wind is calm.
The pilot should follow a QDM of…
See figure (NAV-019) - Compass shows heading 30º and VOR indicator shows TO 230º
080°.
200°.
260°.
230°.
260°
230 + 30
What is the difference between a locator beacon and a non-directional beacon (NDB)?
Locator beacons transmit more precisely
Locator beacons have a higher range than NDBs
Locator beacons transmit on request only
Locator beacons have a lower range than NDBs
Locator beacons have a lower range than NDBs
**The range of NDBs transmitting in the medium frequency range is greatest… **
before midday.
at night.
on midday.
in the daytime.
at night
N(ight)DB
The shoreline effect is greatest with radio wave propagation…
at a right angle to the coast; aircraft below 6000 ft.
at an acute angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft.
at an acute angle to the coast; aircraft below 6000 ft.
at a right angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft.
at an acute angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft.
Fading in LF/MF frequency range occurs mainly…
in the late afternoon.
at midday.
during the night.
in the daytime.
during the night
**The progress of an electromagnetic oscillation can be described by the… **
phase angle.
amplitude angle.
wave angle.
frequency angle.
phase angle
**When transmitter and receiver are moving towards each other…
**
the frequency varies, but the wavelength remains constant.
the perceived frequency equals the transmitted frequency.
the perceived frequency increases.
the perceived frequency decreases.
the perceived frequency increases.
When transmitter and receiver are moving away from each other…
the perceived frequency increases.
the perceived frequency decreases.
the frequency varies, but the wavelength remains constant.
the perceived frequency equals the transmitted frequency.
the perceived frequency decreases
A VOR radial corresponds to the…
QTE.
QUJ.
QDR.
QDM.
QDR
Radial is the magnetic bearing from the VOR station
Full deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI) means that the aircraft is located
at least…
2 NM beside the selected course.
10 NM beside the selected course.
2° beside the selected course.
10° beside the selected course.
10° beside the selected course.
Where is the aircraft located in relation to the VOR if the needle indicates 210º and the flag shows “TO”?
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
Northwest
Northeast
The range of a VOR is affected by…
daylight interference.
reflected sky waves.
multipath propagation of the ground wave.
transmitter and receiver altitude.
transmitter and receiver altitude.
124 The distance measuring equipment (DME) determines the distance based on the principle of…
time measurement.
Doppler.
laser measurement.
phase comparison.
time measurement
The DME reading is a…
ground distance.
air range.
radial distance.
slant range.
slant range
The differenz between indicated DME slant range and horizontal distance from the DME station increases…
when circling around the DME station.
when descending.
when departing the DME station.
when approaching the DME station.
when approaching the DME station.
Using primary ground radar, the direction of the aeroplane in relation to the antenna is determined by…
the pulse pair interval.
the orientation of the antenna.
the frequency shift of the received pulse.
time measurement.
the orientation of the antenna
Which instantaneous information can be obtained from ground radar equipment?
Distance and direction
Airspeed (TAS) and distance
Airspeed (TAS) and heading
Direction and airspeed (TAS)
Distance and direction
The on-board equipment of the secondary surveillance radar (SSR) is called...
course indicator.
transponder.
interrogator.
decoder.
transponder.
What is the difference between primary and secondary radar?
The pulses of a primary radar are variably pulse-modulated,
the pulses of a secondary radar are statically amplitude-modulated
The pulses of a primary radar are variably amplitude-modulated,
the pulses of a secondary radar are statically pulse-modulated
The primary radar is displayed on a computer screen,
the secondary radar on a radar strip
The pulses of a primary radar are reflected by the aircraft’s surface,
the pulses of a secondary radar system are answered by a transponder
The pulses of a primary radar are reflected by the aircraft’s surface,
the pulses of a secondary radar system are answered by a transponder
**The transponder code in case of hi-jacking is… **
7000.
7600.
7500.
7700.
7500
The transponder code in case of a radio communication failure is…
7700.
7500.
7000.
7600.
7600
Which altitude is transmitted by the transponder in mode C?
QFE altitude
Pressure altitude
QNH altitude
Radio altitude
Pressure altitude
How many satellites are necessary for a precise and verified three-dimensional determination of the position?
Two
Three
Five
Four
Four
When using a GPS for tracking to the next waypoint, a deviation indication is shown by a vertical bar and dots to the left and to the right of the bar.
What statement describes the correct interpretation of the display?
The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as angular distance in degrees; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS.
The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as angular distance in degrees; the scale for full deflection is +-10°.
The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection is +-10 NM.
The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS.
The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS.
What is meant by the term “terrestrial navigation”?
Orientation by ground celestial object during visual flight
Orientation by ground features during visual flight
Orientation by GPS during visual flight
Orientation by instrument readings during visual flight
Orientation by ground features during visual flight
What ground features should preferrably be used for orientation during visual flight?
Border lines
Farm tracks and creeks
Power lines
Rivers, railroads, highways
Rivers, railroads, highways
