Operant conditioning-DP4

Question 1

Operant conditioning

Answer 1

a response is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment

Question 2

Positive reinforcement

Answer 2

Positive:

• something is added
• increased behavior
  e. g introduce something pleasant, give a dog a treat

Question 3

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 3

Negative:

• Something is taken away
• increase behavior
  eg) only take something bad away once get what want, remove negative stimulus

Question 4

Positive punishment

Answer 4

• something is added
• decreases the behavior
  eg) a smack, introduce something unpleasant to tell to stop Spray cat

Question 5

Negative punishment

Answer 5

• something is taken away
• decreases the behavior
  (response cost)
  eg) remove something they like, take phone, traffic fine, detention(take away freedom)

Question 6

Variable that affect- timing

Answer 6

punishment should be immediately afterwards because otherwise they will not make association between punishment and behavior

Question 7

Variable that affect- Consistency

Answer 7

need to punish every time because otherwise they think they can get away with it sometimes

Question 8

Variable that affect- Intensity

Answer 8

punishment must ‘fit the crime’ because if it doesn’t the organism does not associate with punishment

Question 9

Limitations of punishment- timing

Answer 9

It only tells a person/animal that a response was wrong. It does not indicate what the right response is so it does not teach new, desirable behaviours

Question 10

Limitations of punishment- consistency

Answer 10

Punishment can set up a powerful environment for learning aggression

Question 11

Three phase

Answer 11

antecedent, behavior, consequence

Question 12

Antecedent

Answer 12

Anything in the learners environment (object, circumstance, event) which triggers a response.

e.g Seeing an incoming call flash up on phone screen from unknown caller

Question 13

Behavior

Answer 13

Learners voluntary response to antecedent

e.g Pressing the answer button

Question 14

consequence

Answer 14

An event following an action that makes it more or less likely to occur again

e.g If the phone call was from a telemarketer. This could decrease the likelihood of answering a call from an unknown number again

Question 15

Stimulus generalization

Answer 15

when the behavior occurring in response to similar, but different antecedent

Question 16

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 16

when behavior only occurs in response to a specific antecedent

Question 17

Extinction

Answer 17

when you stop rewarding, the behavior stops

Question 18

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 18

occurs what a learned behavior reappears after a period of extinction

Question 19

Comparing classical and operant conditioning

similarities

Answer 19

• Three phase process
• Both conditioning there is an acquisition process where a response is conditioned or learned
• Achieved as a result of repeated association between two events that occur closely together in time

Question 20

Comparing classical and operant conditioning

Answer 20

classical
involuntary
three phase is before, during after

Operant
voluntary
three phase is ABC