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MD2001 > Opening the Airway > Flashcards

Opening the Airway Flashcards

1
Q

Angle of the Mandible

A

Angle found where the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible meets the inferior border of the mandible

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2
Q

Cervical Spine

A

Seven vertebrae making up the neck region of the backbone

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3
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of bones that meet at a join and leading to complete lack of normal contact at the joint surfaces

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4
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

Small isolated U-shaped bone in neck, below and supporting the tongue. Held in position by muscles and ligaments between it and the styloid process of the temporal bone

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5
Q

Patent airway

A

An airway that isn’t blocked (allowing free passage of air along respiratory tract without obstruction)

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6
Q

Pharynx

A

Muscular tube extending from base of skull to beginning of oesophagus. Lined with mucous membrane and acts as passageway for food and air as well as a resonating chamber for sounds produced in the larynx.

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7
Q

Larynx

A

Organ responsible for production of vocal sounds. Also serves as air passage conveying air from pharynx to lungs. Situated above the trachea. Within it is a pair of vocal folds which function in production of the voice.

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8
Q

Oesophagus

A

Muscular tube about 23 cm long extending from pharynx to the stomach.

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9
Q

Oropharynx

A

Part of the pharynx lying between the level of the junction of the hard and soft palates above, the hyoid bone below and the arch of the soft palate anteriorly; contains the tonsils.

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10
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth. Separate the mouth from nasal cavity and consists of hard palate and soft palate. The hard palate lies anteriorly and is formed from the maxillae and palatine bones. The soft palate lies posteriorly and is a moveable fold of tissue that tapers to a hanging flap of tissue called uvula; surfaces of both palates are of mucous membrane.

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11
Q

Styloid Process

A

Long, slender, downward pointing spine projecting from the lower surface of the temporal bone of the skull; it provides attachment for muscles and ligaments of the tongue and hyoid bone; a bony process on the distal ends of both the radius and the ulna.

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12
Q

Radiograph

A

An X-ray film

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13
Q

Suspine

A

Lying on the back with the face upwards; usually the head supported with one pillow

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14
Q

Temporal Bone

A

Either of a pair of bones of the cranium; they form part of the lateral aspect of the skull

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15
Q

Traction

A

The application of a pulling force

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16
Q

Vertex

A

The highest point on the skull lying on the sagittal suture and usually about halfway between the coronal and lambdoidal sutures; the first part of the foetal skull to emerge through the birth canal in a normal delivery hence the term “normal vertex presentation”

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17
Q

Central Cyanosis

A

Bluish discolouration of the lips, tongue or mucous membranes of the mouth

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18
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes resulting from inadequate oxygen in in the blood.

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19
Q

Debris

A

Useless accumulation of miscellaneous particles: waste in the form of fragments.

20
Q

Hypoxia

A

Shortage of Oxygen in body tissues.

21
Q

Intubation

A

Introduction of tube into the body, especially the trachea

22
Q

Peripheral Cyanosis

A

Bluish discolouration of extremities (toes, hands, finger, feet)

23
Q

Recumbent

A

Lying down, reclining. Similar to supine but not as specific.

24
Q

Suction

A

Use of reduced P to remove unwanted fluids or other material through tube for disposal. Often used to clear secretion from airways in hospital.

25
Q

Tongue forceps

A

Instrument used to grasp and move tongue in order to clear airway

26
Q

Ventilation

A

Passage of air into and out of respiratory tract

27
Q

What is the Resuscitation Council UK ?

A

Council aiming to promote high quality practice in all aspects of CPR and to improve survival rates.

28
Q

What structures form the airway and provide it with support ?

A

Two routes:

1) Lips, mouth, teeth, palate, tongue, tonsils, uvula, oropharynx, pharynx
2) Nostrils (nares), nasal passages, nasopharynx, pharynx

And then,
Epiglottis, (oesophagus), larynx, trachea,L and R bronchi, 5 lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Bones and muscles of the mandible and facial skeleton provide the airway with support.

29
Q

When lifting the chin, what bone are you moving?

A

Mandible

30
Q

Where should your index finger be when performing jaw thrust ?

A

Over the angle of the mandible

31
Q

What is the predominant primary tissue type comprising the tongue ?

A

Muscular

32
Q

What property of this tissue type is lost in the unconscious patient ?

A

Tone

33
Q

What bone is your left hand placed over in the head tilt chin lift manoeuvre if you are placed at the patient’s right side ?

A

Frontal bone

34
Q

What structural design allows the trachea to maintain an open passage ?

A

Cartilaginous C shaped rings at regular intervals along its length

35
Q

Why does the frontal sinus appear black ?

A

It contains air which appears block on a radiograph

36
Q

What is the name of the join between the mandible and the skull ?

A

The temporomandibular joint

37
Q

Why are the bony details of the hands of the anaesthetist in fig. 6 not seen whilst those
of the patients’ skull are?

A

The anaesthetist is protected from the x rays by special gloves

38
Q

Is suspine a good position for an unconscious patient ?

A

The recovery position is a good position for an unconscious patient. The unconscious patient
in these illustrations is under the constant care of an anaesthetist who is probably about to intubate him. A conscious person lying supine has muscle tone which keeps the airway open. An
unconscious person has decreased muscle tone leading to airway collapse. It is therefore
necessary to constantly maintain the open airway in an unconscious patient.

39
Q

What is the percentage concentration of oxygen in exhaled air of an average resting
adult?

A

17% (Elam and Greene, in Whittenberger 1962), 16% (Tortora and Grabowski,2000)

40
Q

Anaesthetist

A

a medically qualified doctor who administers an anaesthetic to induce unconsciousness
in a patient before a surgical operation

41
Q

Extrinsic

A

Situated on the outside of an organ or region

42
Q

Intrinsic

A

Situated within an organ or region

43
Q

Lateral

A

Situated at or relating to the side of an organ or organism; relating to the region or parts of the body that are furthest from median plane; the sagittal plane.

44
Q

Posterior

A

Situated at or near the back of the body or an organ

45
Q

Rescue Breath

A

Breathing your exhaled air into a casualty/patient who is unable to breath for his/herself

MD2001 (35 decks)

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