OP-Chapter2

Question 1

Individual Attributes

Answer 1

• Demographic differences (such as age, gender, ethnic background)
• Competency differences (such as Aptitude, Cognitive abilities/skills, physical abilities/skills, psychological and social abilities/skills)
• Personality differences (nature of the person)

Question 2

Key Dimension of Personality – The Big Five

Answer 2

• Extraversion (outside nature) – Introversion (inner nature e.g. mental personality)
• Conscientiousness (desire to do a task well)
• Agreeableness
• Emotional stability
• Openness to experience

Question 3

Myer – Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Answer 3

• Focus of attention (introversion vs. extraversion)
• Collection of Information (sensing vs. intuiting)
• Evaluation of information (thinking vs. feeling)
• Orientation to the outer world (perceiving vs. judging)

Question 4

Self – Concept

Answer 4

The concept individuals have of themselves as physical, social, spiritual or moral beings.

Question 5

Machiavellians

Answer 5

Machiavellians (“High Machs”) are people who view and manipulate other for purely personal gain.
A high mach person is someone:
- with tendencies to approach situations logically, thoughtfully with the ability to lie to achieve personal goals
- with a reluctance (unwillingness) to be swayed (controlled) by loyalty, friendships or opinions of others
- who is skilled at influencing others

Question 6

Values

Answer 6

Values are global beliefs that guide actions and judgments across a variety of situations.
(E.g. Workplace values such as achievement, helping and concerns for others, honesty, fairness)

Question 7

Materialistic vs. Post Materialistic values

Answer 7

Materialistic values:

• Safety (such as law and order, crime prevention)
• Supply (such as growth, stable economy, war against inflation)

Post-materialistic values:

• Self-actualization (such as environment, freedom of speech, ideas instead of money)
• Social status and solidarity (such as friendly society, more participation)

Question 8

Attitude

Answer 8

A predisposition to respond in a positive or negative way to someone or something in your environment.
Components of attitude:
-	Cognitive components
-	Affective components
-	Behavioral components

Question 9

Job Satisfaction as an attitude

Answer 9

• organizational commitment
• job involvement
  Facets of job satisfaction such as the work, quality of supervision, relationship with co-workers, pay, promotion opportunity.

Question 10

Managing Perceptions

Answer 10

• High level of self-awareness
• Seek information from others (to counter biases)
• Be empathic (see how others perceive information)
• try to avoid common perceptual distortions (such as selection effects, halos, projections, stereotypes)

Question 11

Locus of control

Answer 11

The extent to which people feel able to affect their lives

Question 12

Casual attributions

Answer 12

• external – internal
• stable – variable
• global – specific