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Ooga Booga Tests > Ooga Booga Protein Synthesis Test > Flashcards

Ooga Booga Protein Synthesis Test Flashcards

1
Q

Contains all of your hereditary information in the form of genes

A

DNA

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2
Q

A coded section of DNA that tells our cells how to build specific proteins

A

A gene

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3
Q

Protein production locations

A

Ribosomes

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4
Q

Codes for everything our body needs and does( saliva bones, eye shape)

A

Genes

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5
Q

Does DNA need RNA

A

Yes

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6
Q

A nucleic acid messenger between DNA and Ribosomes

A

RNA

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7
Q

3 differences between DNA and RNA

A
  • RNA has ribose sugar
  • RNA is single stranded
  • RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine
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8
Q

3 types of RNA

A

mRNA( messenger RNA)
rRNA(ribosomal RNA)
tRNA(transfer RNA)

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9
Q

Copies DNA in the nucleus and carries the info to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

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10
Q

Makes up a large part of the ribosome, reads and decodes mRNA

A

rRNA

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11
Q

Carries amino acids to the ribosome where they are joined to form proteins

A

tRNA

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12
Q

The assembly of amino acids(by RNA) into proteins

A

Protein synthesis

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13
Q

Two steps of protein synthesis

A

Transcription and translation

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14
Q

Copying DNA code into mRNA

A

Transcription

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15
Q

Reading the mRNA code and assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain

A

Translation

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16
Q

Where does translation occur

A

In the ribosomes

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17
Q

Sets of three bases that each code for one amino acid

A

Codons

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18
Q

Each codon is matched to a ___

A

Anticodon

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19
Q

This change either involves the number of chromosomes or the arrangement of genes in a chromosome

A

Chromosomal change

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20
Q

A change in the sequence of bases in a gene

A

Mutation

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21
Q

One single complete haploid set of an organisms chromosomes

A

Genome

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22
Q

The condition of having a chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number

A

Euploidy

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23
Q

A cell or organism that has three or more complete sets of chromosomes

A

Polyploid

24
Q

Lacks chromosomes or has extra

Result of an error during meiosis

A

Aneuploidy

25
Q

When a chromosome pair fails to separate during meiosis

A

Nondisjunction

26
Q

The union of a normal gamete with one that has an extra chromosome (ex. Down syndrome)

A

Trisomy

27
Q

The union of a normal gamete with one that lacks a chromosome (ex. Turner syndrome)

A

Monosomy

28
Q

Any change in the DNA of an organism

A

Mutation

29
Q

Two non homologous chromosomes exchange information during meiosis

A

Translocation

30
Q

A segment of the chromosome breaks off and is totally lost (ex. Cri Du Chat)

A

Deletion

31
Q

A segment of the chromosome breaks and reattaches in the opposite orientation

A

Inversion

32
Q

The alteration of an individual gene

A

Gene mutation

33
Q

A gene mutation involving only one nucleotide

A

Point mutation

34
Q

A nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced with a different nucleotide

A

Substitution

35
Q

An extra nucleotide is placed in the DNA sequence, this shifts everything down

A

Addition

36
Q

A nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence

A

Deletion

37
Q

A shift of all the nucleotides from the point affected onward

A

Frame shift

38
Q

Produce no protein or very different proteins from normal. Lethal or can cause severe disease

A

Major effect

39
Q

Produce a protein that is only slightly different. Little effect on the organism

A

Minor effect

40
Q

Codon is not changed or codes for the same amino acid as the unmutated codon

A

No effect

41
Q

Anything that causes a mutation to occur (chemicals, radiation, or viruses)

A

Mutagen

42
Q

A mutation in a cell that doesn’t form gametes, no effect on the cell

A

Somatic mutation

43
Q

A mutation in a cell that forms gametes, may be lethal to gamete

A

Germ mutation

44
Q

The activation of a gene that results in its transcription and the production of a specific protein

A

Gene expression

45
Q

The specialization of cells; the process whereby a cell becomes a specific type of cell

A

Cellular differentiation

46
Q

Control of transcription, control of translation, control of hormones

A

Molecular factors

47
Q

Unrestrained cell growth that has escaped the normal controls of the cell cycle

A

Cancer

48
Q

An abnormal mass of cells produced by abnormal cell division

A

Tumor

49
Q

Cancer cells that stay within the tumor and do not spread to other parts of the body

A

Benign

50
Q

Cancers that invade surrounding tissues and may spread( metastasize)

A

Malignant

51
Q

A substance that increases the risk of cancer, certain chemicals viruses etc

A

Carcinogen

52
Q

Code for proteins that stimulate cell division or affect the synthesis of growth factors, promote cell growth

A

Proto-oncogenes

53
Q

Mutated proto-oncogenes

A

Oncogenes

54
Q

Cause cells to divide uncontrollably, this can lead to the growth of a tumor

A

Oncogenes

55
Q

Code for proteins that prevent uncontrolled cell-growth.

A

Tumor suppressor

56
Q

What is the most common gene found in cancer

A

P53 gene

Ooga Booga Tests (8 decks)

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