Online Med Ed Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are two complications caused of sickle cell, big picture?
Vaso occlusion leading to ischemia and hemolysis
What are the two complications because of the hemolysis in sickle cell?
Rise in bilirubin, leading to jaundice and gall stones
Anemia leading to kidneys releasing EPO and rise in reticulocytes to boost RBC number
What do we need to sometimes give sickle cell patients when they are getting transfusions and why?
Deferoxamine to chelate all the iron in the transfusions
What two organs are most commonly affected by chronic ischemia in sickle cell and what is the result and how do we treat it?
Spleen, auto infarcts and vulnerable to encapsulated organism. give prophylaxis penicillin until age 5.
Bone, leading to osteomyelitis because of staph. Now is you see salmonella, you are thinking sickle cell patient. Avascular necrosis of the hip. Conservative treatment first, and then maybe surgery.
What are the two organs and then conditions affected by acute ischemia due to sickle cells?
Stroke and acute chest syndrome.
Exchange transfusions.
4 lab values/patient presentation for most sickle cell patients?
Anemic (low HgB), elevated bilirubin, elevated reticulocyte count, pain
Treat and prevent vaso occlusive crisis?
Treat with fluids, o2, and pain meds
Prevent with hydroxyurea
2 ways to diagnose sickle cell?
Worst variation of sickle cell?
Blood smear and electrophoresis
Sbeta0
What usually causes Congential cataracts at birth and after birth?
TORCH infection
Galactosemia, sorbitol
In what setting would we see retinopathy of prematurity?
Premature baby where the lungs haven’t developed yet and they need high levels of FI02 which will cause the retinopathy.
At what day does gonorrhea conjunctivitis present in a baby, is discharge bilateral or unilateral, and what is treatment?
2-7
Bilateral
Ceftriaxone
At what day does chlamydia conjunctivitis present in a baby, is discharge bilateral or unilateral, and what is treatment?
5-14, unilateral, oral erythromycin
What to treat Herpes STD?
Acyclovir
At what age do the following conditions present?
DDH, legg calve perthes, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, septic joint, transient synovitis, osgood slaughters, scoliosis?
Newborn, 6, 11-13, any age, any age, teenage athletes, teenage girl
What type of x ray for slipped capital femoral?
Frog leg
How to treat septic joint?
Drain and antibiotics
Where do we find osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcomas?
Osteosarcoma is end of femur
Ewings is midshaft
How do we treat the following?
DDH, legg calve, septic joint, slipped capital femoral, Transient synovitis, scoliosis?
harness is still there at 4 week US Cast Drain and antibiotics Surgery Supportive Moderate brace severe rods.
What is the additional indication to do surgery on a fracture in kid?
If the growth plate is fractured
What is the main effect of left to right shunt?
The right heart will eventually get stronger than the left. Essentially you are working out the right heart.
What is the trigger word for ASD?
Fixed splitting s2
What are the 3 main left to right shunts to know and what is the important clinical identifier?
ASD, VSD, PDA
Non cyanotic
Most common congenital defect before 1 and after 1?
VSD before
ASD after
Left to right shunts causing right heart hypertrophy will lead to what condition in adults?
Eissenmingers
Babies at risk for transposition of the great vessels have what?
Moms with diabetes
What is the diagnosis of premature baby and GI bleed and how do you diagnose it?
Necrotizing enter colitis
Air in bowel wall
What position helps relieve the pain with intussusception?
3 step images?
Age range?
3 indications for surgery?
Knee to chest
X-ray looking for perforation (air under diaphragm), US, air enema
Peritonitis, perforation, air enema failed
Meckels diverticulum presents in what age group?
The diverticulum is a remnant of the what?
Toddler
Vitelline duct
What test to use to see if baby swallowed moms blood?
Apt test
What to do for Milk protein allergy causing GI bleed?
Fever + bloody diarrhea?
Hydrolyzed formula
Infectious colitis
