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Peds Shelf > Aquifer #3 > Flashcards

Aquifer #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common seizure in kids?

A

Generalized tonic clonic

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2
Q

What is the hallmark of complex partial seizures?

A

Altered level of consciousness

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3
Q

When does childhood absence epilepsy (petit mal seizures) begin and what is the hallmark?

A

3

Loss of environmental awareness like all of the sudden staring off into space and automatism

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4
Q

What is the age range for febrile seizures?

A

One of the most common causes of seizures in kids 6 months to 5 years is a fever

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5
Q

Good definition of lethargy?

A

Serious alteration in mental status

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of splenomegaly in kids?

A

Infection

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7
Q

Big difference between HSP, ITP, and leukemia?

A

Leukemia is the only one with splenomegaly

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8
Q

Why would you check a platelet count to determine between HSP, ITP and Leukemia? If you think its HS, what other two test would you do?

A

HSP is non thrombocytopenia and ITP and leukemia are thrombocytopenia?

Urinalysis to check for hematuria and preinuria

If those are present, then do BUN and creatine to check the extent of kidney damage

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia in otherwise healthy children?

A

ITP

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10
Q

What is the most common form of bowel obstruction in children between 6 months ad 6 years?

A

Intussusception

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11
Q

Classic presenting triad of intussusception?

A

Severe ab pain with crying
Currant jelly stool with blood and mucus
Sausage shaped mass in right abdomen

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12
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of intussusception?

What is the specific intussusception associated with HSP and how to diagnose and treat?

A

Air or barium enema with reduction by air or pressure

Ileo ileal not ileo colic and needs US and surgery

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13
Q

What is the substitution in sickle cell disease?

A

Valine for glutamic acid

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14
Q

What are the three hemoglobin patterns associated with a diagnosis of sickle cell on newborn screen?

A

S, SC and SA

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15
Q

What are the two most common surgeries in children with sickle cell?

A

Tonsils out and gall bladder out

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16
Q

What is commonly the first sign of congenital hypothyroidism?

A

Jaundice

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17
Q

Why is penicillin given to children with sickle cell disease prophylactically?

A

To prevent infections that can lead to sepsis

18
Q

4 expected complications of children with SCD?

A

Jaundice
Anemia
Stroke
Respiratory problems, pneumonia and acute chest syndrome

19
Q

Aplastic crisis is caused by what and what is the inheritance of cystic fibrosis?

A

Parvovirus b19

AR

20
Q

Why would you perform a transcranial Doppler on a kid with sickle cell?

A

Risk for cerebral stroke

21
Q

What is common finding of kids tonsils And why?

A

Mildly enlarged because peak lymphoid tissue growth is 4-6 and frequent viral infections

22
Q

5 features to diagnose nephrotic syndrome?
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids?
Histo finding of it?
Most prominent clinical symptom of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Proteinuria, low albumin, low antibody, edema and high cholesterol
Minimal change dx
Effacement of foot processes
Edema

23
Q

What is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in kids?
3 symptoms and what does it usually follow?

A

Post streptococcal
Hematuria, hypertension, and edema
Recent throat or skin strep infections

24
Q

Treatment of minimal change dx?

A

Steroids

25
Q

What is the most common infection kids on steroids for minimal change dx can get and what is the pathogen?

A

Spontaneous peritonitis

Strep pneumonia

26
Q

2 important lab values when diagnosing post strep glomerulonephritis?

A

Elevated ASO

Low c3

27
Q

Define macule, patch, papule, plaque, vesicle and bulla?

A 
Flat less than 1 cm
Flat bigger than 1 cm
Elevated less than 1 cm
Elevated bigger than 1 cm
Elevated with fluid less than 1 cm
Elevated with fluid bigger than 1 cm
28
Q

Define postule, nodule, wheal, telangectasia, petechia, and purpura?

A

Elevated exudative
Elevated lesion that can go all the way down to subq
Red with central white that blanches
Dilation of superficial vessels
Pin point
Bigger, both pet and pur don’t blanch, just stay purple

29
Q

Two treatments for mild acne?
Moderate?
Severe?

A

BPO and retinoids
add antibiotic
Oral retinoids

30
Q

What medicine to treat permethrin?

A

Permethrin

31
Q

Which medicine has the best safety and efficacy in the literature for warts?

A

Salicylic acid

32
Q

3 common causes of diaper rash?

A

Contact dermatitis
Diaper candidiasis
Bacterial infection

33
Q

Treatment for contact dermatitis rash, candida, and bacterial infection causing diaper rash?

A

Zinc oxide, diaper cream
Nystatin
Antibiotics

34
Q

What two systemic diseases commonly have diaper rash as one of the features?

A

Zinc deficiency

Langerhan cell histiocytosis

35
Q

2 things we are thinking when an infant has bilious vomiting?

A

Duodenal atresia, which will be in the first day of life

Mid gut volvulus, its this until proven otherwise

36
Q

An infant with bilious vomiting should be considered to have what until proven otherwise?

A

Volvulus

37
Q

Imaging working for bilious vomiting?

A

X rays and then UGI series

38
Q

2 hallmark features of volvulus?

A

Narrowing or tapering of the distal duodenum

Corkscrew or spiraling of the jejunum

39
Q

2 x ray findings in bronchiolitis in infants?

A

Hyperinflation and increased perivascular markings

40
Q

Salter Harris classification?

Type 1, 2,3,4,5?

A
  1. Completely through growth plate
  2. Through growth plate and metaphysis
  3. Through growth plate and then epiphysis
  4. Through all 3
  5. Compression fracture of growth plate
41
Q

What is the most common cause of a hip effusion in a child?

A

Transient synovitis

42
Q

What is a fracture of the knee pointing to child abuse?

A

Metaphysical corner fracture

Peds Shelf (16 decks)

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