Aquifer #3

Question 1

What is the most common seizure in kids?

Answer 1

Generalized tonic clonic

Question 2

What is the hallmark of complex partial seizures?

Answer 2

Altered level of consciousness

Question 3

When does childhood absence epilepsy (petit mal seizures) begin and what is the hallmark?

Answer 3

3

Loss of environmental awareness like all of the sudden staring off into space and automatism

Question 4

What is the age range for febrile seizures?

Answer 4

One of the most common causes of seizures in kids 6 months to 5 years is a fever

Question 5

Good definition of lethargy?

Answer 5

Serious alteration in mental status

Question 6

What is the most common cause of splenomegaly in kids?

Answer 6

Infection

Question 7

Big difference between HSP, ITP, and leukemia?

Answer 7

Leukemia is the only one with splenomegaly

Question 8

Why would you check a platelet count to determine between HSP, ITP and Leukemia? If you think its HS, what other two test would you do?

Answer 8

HSP is non thrombocytopenia and ITP and leukemia are thrombocytopenia?

Urinalysis to check for hematuria and preinuria

If those are present, then do BUN and creatine to check the extent of kidney damage

Question 9

What is the most common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia in otherwise healthy children?

Answer 9

ITP

Question 10

What is the most common form of bowel obstruction in children between 6 months ad 6 years?

Answer 10

Intussusception

Question 11

Classic presenting triad of intussusception?

Answer 11

Severe ab pain with crying
Currant jelly stool with blood and mucus
Sausage shaped mass in right abdomen

Question 12

Diagnosis and treatment of intussusception?

What is the specific intussusception associated with HSP and how to diagnose and treat?

Answer 12

Air or barium enema with reduction by air or pressure

Ileo ileal not ileo colic and needs US and surgery

Question 13

What is the substitution in sickle cell disease?

Answer 13

Valine for glutamic acid

Question 14

What are the three hemoglobin patterns associated with a diagnosis of sickle cell on newborn screen?

Answer 14

S, SC and SA

Question 15

What are the two most common surgeries in children with sickle cell?

Answer 15

Tonsils out and gall bladder out

Question 16

What is commonly the first sign of congenital hypothyroidism?

Answer 16

Jaundice

Question 17

Why is penicillin given to children with sickle cell disease prophylactically?

Answer 17

To prevent infections that can lead to sepsis

Question 18

4 expected complications of children with SCD?

Answer 18

Jaundice
Anemia
Stroke
Respiratory problems, pneumonia and acute chest syndrome

Question 19

Aplastic crisis is caused by what and what is the inheritance of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 19

Parvovirus b19

AR

Question 20

Why would you perform a transcranial Doppler on a kid with sickle cell?

Answer 20

Risk for cerebral stroke

Question 21

What is common finding of kids tonsils And why?

Answer 21

Mildly enlarged because peak lymphoid tissue growth is 4-6 and frequent viral infections

Question 22

5 features to diagnose nephrotic syndrome?
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids?
Histo finding of it?
Most prominent clinical symptom of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 22

Proteinuria, low albumin, low antibody, edema and high cholesterol
Minimal change dx
Effacement of foot processes
Edema

Question 23

What is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in kids?
3 symptoms and what does it usually follow?

Answer 23

Post streptococcal
Hematuria, hypertension, and edema
Recent throat or skin strep infections

Question 24

Treatment of minimal change dx?

Answer 24

Steroids

Question 25

What is the most common infection kids on steroids for minimal change dx can get and what is the pathogen?

Answer 25

Spontaneous peritonitis Strep pneumonia

Question 26

2 important lab values when diagnosing post strep glomerulonephritis?

Answer 26

Elevated ASO | Low c3

Question 27

Define macule, patch, papule, plaque, vesicle and bulla?

Answer 27

``` Flat less than 1 cm Flat bigger than 1 cm Elevated less than 1 cm Elevated bigger than 1 cm Elevated with fluid less than 1 cm Elevated with fluid bigger than 1 cm ```

Question 28

Define postule, nodule, wheal, telangectasia, petechia, and purpura?

Answer 28

Elevated exudative Elevated lesion that can go all the way down to subq Red with central white that blanches Dilation of superficial vessels Pin point Bigger, both pet and pur don’t blanch, just stay purple

Question 29

Two treatments for mild acne? Moderate? Severe?

Answer 29

BPO and retinoids add antibiotic Oral retinoids

Question 30

What medicine to treat permethrin?

Answer 30

Permethrin

Question 31

Which medicine has the best safety and efficacy in the literature for warts?

Answer 31

Salicylic acid

Question 32

3 common causes of diaper rash?

Answer 32

Contact dermatitis Diaper candidiasis Bacterial infection

Question 33

Treatment for contact dermatitis rash, candida, and bacterial infection causing diaper rash?

Answer 33

Zinc oxide, diaper cream Nystatin Antibiotics

Question 34

What two systemic diseases commonly have diaper rash as one of the features?

Answer 34

Zinc deficiency | Langerhan cell histiocytosis

Question 35

2 things we are thinking when an infant has bilious vomiting?

Answer 35

Duodenal atresia, which will be in the first day of life | Mid gut volvulus, its this until proven otherwise

Question 36

An infant with bilious vomiting should be considered to have what until proven otherwise?

Answer 36

Volvulus

Question 37

Imaging working for bilious vomiting?

Answer 37

X rays and then UGI series

Question 38

2 hallmark features of volvulus?

Answer 38

Narrowing or tapering of the distal duodenum | Corkscrew or spiraling of the jejunum

Question 39

2 x ray findings in bronchiolitis in infants?

Answer 39

Hyperinflation and increased perivascular markings

Question 40

Salter Harris classification? | Type 1, 2,3,4,5?

Answer 40

1. Completely through growth plate 2. Through growth plate and metaphysis 3. Through growth plate and then epiphysis 4. Through all 3 5. Compression fracture of growth plate

Question 41

What is the most common cause of a hip effusion in a child?

Answer 41

Transient synovitis

Question 42

What is a fracture of the knee pointing to child abuse?

Answer 42

Metaphysical corner fracture