Combank 1

Question 1

What type of murmurs occur in at least 80% of normal infants and children and what are the two most common?

Answer 1

Innocent murmurs

Stills most most common and venous hum is second most common

Question 2

Where do you hear a stills murmur and where do you hear a venous hum? Also, what 3 things increase the stills murmur?

Answer 2

Left lower sternal border, increases supine with fever and anemia
Just under clavicle, basically right over the internal jugular

Question 3

What are the top 3 bacteria causing pneumonia in neonates?

Answer 3

Group b strep, gram negative bacilli, and list mono

Question 4

What is the empiric treatment for pneumonia in neonates?

Answer 4

IV ampicillin plus gentamicin or cefotaxamine

Question 5

Why is ceftriaxone not indicated in neonates?

Answer 5

It can displace bilirubin

Question 6

What are the two most common cardiovascular malformations in patients with Turner syndrome?

Answer 6

Bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of aorta

Question 7

Patients with functional or anatomic asplenia are at risk for infection with what organism?

Answer 7

Encapsulated organisms such as strep pneumonia

Question 8

What is the most common cause of community acquired pneumonia in children?

Answer 8

Strep pneumonia

Question 9

What is the most common cause of acute viral bronchiolitis in children?

Answer 9

RSV

Question 10

What is the mainstay of treatment for acute viral bronchiolitis?

Answer 10

Supportive care only

Question 11

How do you treat test spells of tetralogy of fallout and what is the mechanism of the treatment?

Answer 11

Put the baby in a squatting position because it will increase systemic vascular resistance and decrease the amount of right to left shunting

Question 12

What is the first line treatment for Pertussis infection, 2 options?

Answer 12

Macrolide
Azithromycin for 5 days for both patient and family
Clarithromycin, for 7 days

Question 13

What are the most common congenital heart defects in children with Down syndrome and give an example?

Answer 13

Endocardial cushion defects.
AV septal defects (secundum most common) that include the av valves that can present with systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border

Question 14

What age group do we most commonly find retropharyngeal abscess and patients commonly have a history of what?

Answer 14

Less than 4

Upper respiratory, throat or ear infection

Question 15

What are the two most common pathogens causing retropharyngeal abscess?
4 symptoms?

Answer 15

Strep and staph

Fever, drooling, neck stiffness or torticollis, respiratory distress

Question 16

What is the most common kind of VSD and what is the age rang of finally detecting the VSD?

Answer 16

Perimembranous (VSDs are the most common congenital heart defect, so this type then is considered the most common congenital heart defect)

Day 4-10

Question 17

Ebstein anomaly affects what two heart structures and can lead to what 4 heart conditions?

Answer 17

Tricuspid valve leaflets and right ventricle

Hypoplastic right ventricle, enlarged right atrium, tricuspid regurgitation, redundant anterior tricuspid valve leaflet

Question 18

Most patients with ebstein anomaly also have what?

Answer 18

ASD

Question 19

What is the most common cardiac valvular anomaly and what is the consequence of it?

Answer 19

Bicuspid aortic valve

Aortic regurgitation

Question 20

2 clinical signs of PDA and what would you see on Doppler echo?

Answer 20

Bounding pulses, machine like murmur.

Retrograde color flow jet into the pulmonary artery

Question 21

What is the deletion for DiGeroge Syndrome and what is the congenital heart defect associated with it?

Answer 21

22q11.2

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 22

Coarctation of the aorta is commonly associated with what other two congenital heart conditions?
What are two symptoms to consider in coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 22

Bicuspid Aorta and PDA

Headaches and bloody noses

Question 23

In what setting do we see subgaleal hemorrhage?

3 things to remember about it?

Answer 23

Infants who require vacuum assist.

Crosses suture lines, grows slowly over the first day of life and can lead to hemorrhagic shock.

Question 24

What does the canker sore oral lesion look like?

Answer 24

Shallow ulceration with grayish base that is tender

Question 25

What is the most common pathogen causing neonatal conjunctivitis?
How do you treat it?

Answer 25

Chlamydia

Oral erythromycin

Question 26

Otitis media with effusion is a common complication of what and presents after what?
What is the first sign patients say they observe?
How do you treat it to prevent permanent hearing loss?

Answer 26

Complication of acute otitis media and presents several weeks to months after the acute infection
Hearing loss.
Tubes

Question 27

1 month old female has huge head and transillumination of the head is positive, what is it and explain the condition?

Answer 27

Hydrancephaly

Congential defect where the cerebellar hemispheres are replaced by fluid filled cavities.

Question 28

How do we define choanal atresia and what are 3 clinical signs?

Answer 28

Blockage or obliteration of the posterior nasal aperture.

Noisy breathing, cyanosis with feeding and inability to pass a small catheter through the nares.

Question 29

Do cephalohematomas cross suture lines?

Answer 29

No