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Step 1 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What is biggest predictor of px in Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Stage

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2
Q

Characteristic cell in Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

  • “owl eyes”
  • CD15+, CD30+
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3
Q

What virus is Hodgkin lymphoma associated with?

A

EBV

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4
Q

What virus is non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated iwth?

A

HIV

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5
Q

What type of Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in females? (All others are more common in males)

A

Nodular sclerosing type

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6
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma translocation?

A

t(8;14)

- c-myc (TF that promotes cell growth)

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7
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma Buzz Words

A
  • “Starry sky”
  • “Tingible body mac”
  • EBV
  • Jaw lesion in Africa
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8
Q

Most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults?

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

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9
Q

Follicular Lymphoma translocation?

A

t(14;18)

- BCL-2 (anti-apoptotic)

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10
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma translocation?

A

t(11;14)

- Cyclin D1 (G1–>S)

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11
Q

Primary central nervous system lymphoma associated with…?

A
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Confusion, memory loss, seizures
  • Mass lesions on MRI
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12
Q

Adult T-cell Lymphoma caused by?

A

HTLV (assoc. w/ IV drug use)

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13
Q

Presentation of adult t-cell lymphoma?

A

Cutaneous lesions - Japan, W Africa, Carribbean

- Lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia

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14
Q

Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome buzz words

A

Skin patches/plaques (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)

- Atypical CD4+ cells w/ “cerebriform” nuclei

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15
Q

Multiple Myeloma Ig

A

IgG or IgA

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16
Q

Associations of MM?

A
  • Infection (decreased Ag diversity)
  • Primary amyloidosis (AL)
  • Punched out lytic bone lesions (activate RANKL R on osteoclasts - IL-1&6)
  • M spike
  • Ig light chains in urine (Bence Jones)
  • Rouleaux formation
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17
Q

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

A
  • M spike = IgM

- Hyperviscosity syndrome –> blurred vision, Raynaud

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18
Q

Pseudo-Pelger-Huet Anomaly

A

Neutrophils w/ bilobed nuclei

- Seen after chemo

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19
Q

Presentation of T-cell ALL?

A

Mediastinal mass (SVC-like syndrome)

20
Q

ALL associated with what genetic mutation?

A

Down Syndrome

21
Q

ALL peripheral blood smear/bone marrow?

A

Increased lymphoblasts

22
Q

ALL Markers?

A
  • TdT+ (pre-T and pre-B cells)
  • CD10+ (pre-B)
  • CD10, 19, 20 = B
  • CD2, 8 = T
23
Q

ALL translocation associated with better px?

A

t(12;21)

24
Q

CLL markers?

A

CD20+, CD5+

25
Q

CLL peripheral blood smear?

A
  • Smudge cells

- AI hemolytic anemia

26
Q

Richter Transformation?

A

SLL/CLL –> aggressive lymphoma (diffuse large B cell lymphoma)

27
Q

Hairy Cell Leukemia bone marrow?

A

Marrow fibrosis –> dry tap on aspiration

28
Q

Hairy cell leukemia Pdx?

A

Massive splenomegaly

29
Q

Hairy cell leukemia stain?

A

TRAP+

30
Q

Hairy cell leukemia treatment?

A

Cladribine, pentostatin

31
Q

AML Buzzwords

A
  • AUER RODS
  • Myeloperoxidase +
  • Increased circulating myeloblasts
32
Q

RF for AML?

A
  • Alkylating chemo
  • Radiation
  • Myeloproliferative disorders
  • Down syndrome
33
Q

APL Translocation?

A

t(15;17) - responds to all-trans retinoic acid (vit A)

- Presents as DIC

34
Q

CML Translocation?

A
  • t(9;22) = BCR-ABL (TK)
35
Q

CML buzz word?

A

Basophilia

36
Q

CML rx?

A

Imatinib (TK inhibitor)

37
Q

Presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis?

A
  • Lytic bone lesions
  • skin rash
  • Recurrent otitis media w/ mass involving mastoid bone
38
Q

Langerhans cell histiocytosis markers?

A

S-100, CD1a

Birbeck granules

39
Q

Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorder Mutation

A

V617F JAK2 mutation (cytoplasmic TK)

40
Q

Polycythemia Vera presentation

A
  • INTENSE ITCHING AFTER HOT SHOWER

- Erythromelagia (seere, burning pain and red-blue coloration)

41
Q

Polycythemia vera rx?

A

Aspirin

42
Q

Polycythemia vera labs?

A

Decreased EPO
Increased hematocrit
Increased RBCs, WBCs, Platelets

43
Q

Polycythemia vera association?

A

Budd Chiari

44
Q

Essential thrombocythemia characterized by…?

A
  • Massive proliferation of megakaryocytes and platelets

- Increased platelets

45
Q

Myelofibrosis ?

A

Increased fibroblast activity –> obliteration of bone marrow with fibrosis

  • Massive splenomegaly
  • Teardrop RBCs
  • Decreased RBCs
46
Q

What malignancies produce ectopic EPO?

A

RCC

HCC

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