Oncology 2015-2019 Flashcards
What breed has a predelection for t-zone lymphoma?
Golden retriever
Associations of environment, health history, T‐zone lymphoma, and T‐zone‐like cells of undetermined significance: A case‐control study of aged Golden Retrievers JVIM 2019
What known conditions increase the risk for development of Z-tone lymphoma.
Mange
Associations of environment, health history, T‐zone lymphoma, and T‐zone‐like cells of undetermined significance: A case‐control study of aged Golden Retrievers JVIM 2019
What known conitions are associated with a decreased risk of TZL?
Hypothyroidism and omega-3 fatty acid administration..
Associations of environment, health history, T‐zone lymphoma, and T‐zone‐like cells of undetermined significance: A case‐control study of aged Golden Retrievers JVIM 2019
What is the the majory blood supply to hepatic tumors in dogs?
Hepatic artery (as opposed to portal vein which is the main blood supple to normal h epatic tissue)
Evaluation of hepatic tumor portal perfusion using mesenteric angiography: A pilot study in 5 dogs JVIM 2019
What are factors that are associated with increased risk of cardiotoxicity after administration of doxorubicin?
Higher cummulative dose, increased BW, decreased fractional shortening after 5 doses, presence of VPCs
4% of 494 developed cardiotoxicity
Incidence and risk factors associated with development of clinical cardiotoxicity in dogs receiving doxorubicin JVIM 2019
What is the role of potassium sparing diuretic amiloride on chemotherap for osteosaracoma?
syngergized with doxorubicin for osteosarcoma cells
upregulated p53 signaling to activate apoptosis
Effects of the potassium‐sparing diuretic amiloride on chemotherapy response in canine osteosarcoma cells JVIM 2019
What was the prevalence of skeletal muscle metastasis in a population of dogs undergoing CT scan for hemangiosarcoma?
24.6% - 9/15 had lameness
M > Female
All dogs w/ skeletal muscle also had other metastatic lesions
Prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of hemangiosarcoma‐associated skeletal muscle metastases in 61 dogs: A whole body computed tomographic study JVIM 2019
What is the prognostatic value of PET scan with fluorine 8 fluorodeoxyglucose in dogs w/ appendicular osteosarcoma?
w/ a cut off of 7.4 survival time 254 days (>7.4) vs 680 days (<7.4)
Prognostic value of fluorine18 flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma
JVIM 2019
What is the general specificty and sensitivity of PARR?
72-100% and 96-100% depending on the lab
Polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement: Benchmarking performance of a lymphoid clonality assay in diverse canine sample types JVIM 2019
What is the general accuracy of sonoelastography to detect maoignant lymph nodes in dogs?
Malignant nodes longer, wider and higher short-to-long axis ratio than benigh
Best paramaters were short axis > elasticity score > resistivity index
Best was 80% accuracy
Sonography and sonoelastography in the detection of malignancy in superficial lymph nodes of dogs JVIM 2019
What is the breed with a predisposition to TCC?
Scotish terrier - 18 X risk
Glutathione S‐transferase theta genotypes and environmental exposures in the risk of canine transitional cell carcinoma JVIM 2019
What are known risk factors associated with TCC in dogs?
Presence of insecticides and urban enviroment increase risk.
Glutathione S‐transferase theta genotypes and environmental exposures in the risk of canine transitional cell carcinoma JVIM 2019
What is the correlation between glutathione s-transferase tehta genotyptes in relation to TCC risk?
Under represetned in Scottish Terriers
Not apparently associated with TCC
Glutathione S‐transferase theta genotypes and environmental exposures in the risk of canine transitional cell carcinoma JVIM 2019
What is the clinical relavence of serum thymidine kinase 1 acivity in dogs with non-Hodkins lymphoma?
sTKI1 activity sig lower in complete vs partial response
119.5 Du/L had sens 76% spec 100% for dogs that do not completel respond
Increased sTKI predicts relapse with 88% or greater specificity.
Evaluation of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness and prediction of relapse in dogs with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma JVIM 2019
What are the expected associations between tissue copper and zinc levels in dogs with confirmed hepatocellular carcincoma?
Copper is higher in HCC (unknown cause and affect, chronic hepatitis not apparently present)
Decreased zinc concentrations
Hepatic copper and other trace mineral concentrations in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma JVIM 2019
What are the clinical implications of cutaneous or SQ metastasis in dogs with osteosarcoma?
Presents as a firm solitary mass most comonly over trunk/ventrum (66%) vs head and neck (33%)
Median time from treat to met notation - 160 d
Median time to death after mets noted - 55 d
Sx and chemo prolongs survival vs chem alone (94 d vs 54 d)
Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastasis of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 20 cases JVIM 2019
Which mammary glads are more commonly associated with mammary neoplasia?
4th and 5th
4th is lest likelt to be malignant
Prevalence of malignancy in masses from the mammary gland region of dogs with single or multiple masses JAVMA 2019
Are benign or malignant mammary masses more common?
Benign - 85% vs 15%
What is the association between multiple mammary masses and liklihood of malignany?
None
age and reproductive status at the time of diagnosis not shown to be clinically relavent either
Prevalence of malignancy in masses from the mammary gland region of dogs with single or multiple masses JAVMA 2019
Is ampuation with a single dose of SQ caboplatin a viable treatment option for dogs with osteosarcoma?
No survival benefit
Adverse events and outcomes in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with limb amputation and a single subcutaneous infusion of carboplatin JAVMA 2019
What is the clinical releavence of STAT3 expression in dogs?
Increased expressio in dogs with lympphma vs normal or reactive LN
This pathways shows a possible benefit of JAK inhibition
STAT3 Expression and Activity are Up‐Regulated in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma of Dogs JVIM 2018
What is the clinical benefit of administration of Tavocept during cisplatin administraion?
Reduced rate of Azotemia (21% vs 75% in another study)
Reduced diuresis time (>6 hr vs 90 minutes)
No survival benefit
Clinical Evaluation of Tavocept to Decrease Diuresis Time and Volume in Dogs with Bladder Cancer Receiving Cisplatin JVIM 2018
What affect does toceranib have on the hypothalamic-piuitary-axis in tumor-bearing dogs?
Decreased fT4 and increased TSH - all other w/in normal
Proportion w/ low fT4 and high TSH did not change
Minimal effect that may or may not cause a need for thyroid supplementation
Effects of Toceranib Phosphate on the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Thyroid Axis in Tumor‐Bearing Dogs JVIM 2018
Is an absolute neutrophilic count cutoff of 1.5 X 10^3 /uL considered to be safe for dogs?
Yes
Neutropenia and reduced dose delays may in prove outcome. This degree of neutropenia is conisdered to be safe for dogs.
Impact of Pretreatment Neutrophil Count on Chemotherapy Administration and Toxicity in Dogs with Lymphoma Treated with CHOP Chemotherapy JVIM 2018
Does the presence of a c-KIT mutation have a role in sresponse rate for dogs undergoing treatment with tocernaib or vinblastine for mast cell tumor?
No sig difference in reponse rate or survival rate between palladia or toceranib - pick either to treat mast cell tumors.
c‐Kit Mutation and Localization Status as Response Predictors in Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs Treated with Prednisone and Toceranib or Vinblastine JVIM 2018
What are the expected outcomes of sterotactic radiation therapy for treatment of functional pituitary adenomas causeing acromegaly in cats?
MST 1072 days
95% isnulin dose reduction, 32% remission
14% developed hypothyroidism
Stereotactic radiation therapy for the treatment of functional pituitary adenomas associated with feline acromegaly JVIM 2018
What alterations in intestinal microbiota were noted in a population of cats with small cell intestinal lymphoma?
Increased fusobacterum
increased bacteroidies
sig correlation in Fusobacterium with CD11b+ and NF-kb (have been show to correlate with intestinal disease in humas)
Relationship of the mucosal microbiota to gastrointestinal inflammation and small cell intestinal lymphoma in cats JVIM 2018
Is pPalladia a viable treatment option for GIST?
Yes
71% response rate in 5 days
Median progression free interval w/ gross disease - 110 weeks, 67 w/ microscopic disease
Metastasis w/ high mitotic rates associated with a shorter PFI
Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) use in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of dogs JVIM 2018
Is plasma cytokeratin-18 concentration a viable biomarker for early GI toxicosis in dogs undrgoing treatment with Palladia?
No
Plasma cytokeratin‐18 concentrations as noninvasive biomarker of early gastrointestinal toxicosis in dogs receiving toceranib JVIM 2018
Is intralesional triamcinolone administration a reasoable option for dogs with mast cell tumor?
Response rate 67%
3 dogs had advers events - local hemorrhage and suspected GI ulceration
JAVMA 2018
Is fine needle aspirate a reasonable and accurate diagnostic technique when compared to biopsy for the diagnosis of boney neoplasia?
Yes!
Accuracy of cytology 83%
Accuracy of bone biopsy 82.1%
How is vitamin D metabolism differnet in dogs with cancer vs dogs w/o?
Inverse relation with iCa and vitamin di in healthy dogs, direct relationship in dogs w/ cancer.
Influence of various factors on circulating 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations in dogs with cancer and healthy dogs JVIM 2017
What is the treatment response for dogs receiving an rabacfosadine and doxorubicn protocl for multicentric lymphoma?
overall response rate 84%
median progresion free interval 194 d-
Most adverse events self limiting - GI and hematologic
13 dogs had dermatologic and 2 dogs developed pulmonary fibrosis
Treatment response similar to other dox protocols - fewer visits
Alternating rabacfosadine/doxorubicin: efficacy and tolerability in naïve canine multicentric lymphoma JVIM 2017
What role, if any, does weight have in the overall prognsis of dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma
None
Weight change does influence patient outcome in lymphoma (separate studies)
Evaluation of Weight Change During Carboplatin Therapy in Dogs With Appendicular Osteosarcoma JVIM 2017
I abdominal ultrasound a viable screening option for lyph node enlargement in dogs with AGASACA?
Yes, although it fails to ID all enlargement lymph nodes
Utility of CT vs. abdominal ultrasound examination to identify iliosacral lymphadenopathy in dogs with apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac JVIM 2016
What is the cinical significance of thymidine kinase typpe I and CRP levels in dogs with cancer?
Sig higher in dogs with various cancers
Sig higher with LSA and histiocyctic sarcoma
Thymidine kinase type I and CRP concentrations in dogs with spontaneously occurring cancer JVIM 2016
What are some known risk factors associated with the development of histiocytic sarcoma in Burnese mountain dogs?
Presence of an orthopedic condition increases risk
Administration of NSAID decreases
Risk factors associated with development of histiocytic sarcoma in Bernese Mountain Dogs JVIM 2016
What are the expected effects of stereotqcric radiation on perfusion and blood volume associated dogs with brain tumors?
All decreased
MST of dogs about 1 yr - size Hazard of death did not correlate with size or change in size
Dogs that ruvived for one year had an increased liklihood of dying from other causes
Perfusion and volume response of canine brain tumors to stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy JVIM 2016
What is the clinical significance of p53 mutation in dogs with lymphoma?
Dogs with mutation had lower remission rate and significantly shorter survival time (67 days vs 264 days)
Mutation of p53 gene and its correlation with the clinical outcome in dogs with lymphoma JVIM 2016
Is compounded lomustine a viable replacement option?
No - less likley to result in neutropenia compared to FDA approved
Frequency and severity of neutropenia with FDA approved and compounded formulations of lomustine in dogs with cancerJVIM 2016
What is the relevance of espression of apoptosis regulating proteins Bcl-1 and Bax in dogs with lymphoma?
Increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio in T-cell vs b cell
Higher ratio in dogs w/ shorter progression free interval
Expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in lymph node aspirates from dogs with lymphoma JVIM 2016
Is there a benefit to spaying dogs at the time of mammary carcinoma tumor removal ?
Overall no sig difference in the hazard to relapse or all-cause death
Dogs with increased estriol or dogs with grade II, ER positive tumors tumors will be more likley to benefit from OHE
Effect of OVH at the time of tumor removal in dogs with mammary carcinomas: a randomized clinical trial 2016
What are known breed predelections and clinical charactersitcs of dogs with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
B-LL more likely in older small breed dogs English Bull dogs had increased risk and inuqe presentation - median 6 yrs and expressed lower class II mCH and CD25
Breed distribution and clinical characteristics of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in dogs (CLL) JVIM 2016
How does body conditio score affect cancer prognosis in dogs?
Obesity is not associated with aderse outcomes in lymphoma or osteosarcoma
Undeweight BCS at the time of lymphoma diagnosis reads to a shorter survival time
Association between BCS and cancer prognosis in dogs with lymphoma and osteosarcoma JVIM 2016
What is the clinical significance of PI3K signaling on canine cortisol sescreting adrenocortical tumors?
Activation occurs in carcinoma but not adenoma
ERBB2 expression is higher in carcinomas vs normal glands
ID1 and Id2 are higher in carcinomas that recurred within 2.5 yrs of surgical removal
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K) Signaling in Canine Cortisol-Secreting Adrenocortical Tumors JVIM 2015
Is carboplatin or mitoxantrone superior as an added treatment to piroxicam for treatment of TCC in dogs?
Equivicol
a. Piroxicam ONLY: response rate 18%, PFI 4.3 months, MST 5.9 months
b. Group 1 - piroxicam + mitoxantrone: response rate 35%, PFI 194 days, MST 291 days
c. Group 2 - piroxicam + carboplatin: response rate 38%, PFI unknown, MST 161 days
d. Response rate nor PFI was different between group 1 and 2
Randomized Phase III Trial of Piroxicam in Combination with Mitoxantrone or Carboplatin for First-Line Treatment of TCC in Dogs JVIM 2015
What is the clinical relavence of nociceptive ligands in canine osteosarcoma?
Osteosarcoma secrete nerve growth factor, endothelin-1 and PGE2 that can encourage pain
Serum levels do not correlate well with clinical pain but levels did rise and fall with therapy
What are some expected characteristics of histiocytimc sarcoma with CNS involvement in a limited case series of 19 dogs?
Retrievers and Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Mostly brain (14 vs 5 spinal cord)
Mengial enhancement and cellular pleocytosis noted
Median survival time of 3 days
Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006-2012)
What is the accepted maximal single dose of gemctabine to limit neutropenia?
900 mg/m2
2 complete and 5 partial responses out of 22 dogs
An open-label phase 1 dose-escalation clinical trial of a single intravenous administration of gemcitabine in dogs with advanced solid tumors JVIM 2015
What are known risk factors for UTI in dogs with TCC?
Urethral location and female sex
Multiple organism infections were common with E. coli being more common (then strep and staph)
Bacterial urinary tract infections associated with transitional cell carcinoma in dogs JVIM 2015
Is intraarterial administration of chemo drug carboplatin considered to be feasible ad superior to intravenous administration of the same drug?
Feasible to do
Less anemia and lethargy
More likely to have at least 30% tumor reduction compared to IV
Labor intensive
Clinical impacts of repeated arterial access
Early tumor response to intraarterial or intravenous administration of carboplatin to treat naturally occurring lower urinary tract carcinoma in dogs JVIM 2015
What is the demonstrated response to puls toceranib plus lomustine with nonresectable MCT in dogs?
Combined tx is well tolerated
46% response rate
progression free - 53 days
Pulse-administered toceranib phosphate plus lomustine for treatment of unresectable mast cell tumors in dogs JVIM 2015
What is the clinical relavence of multiple metastatic lesions in dogs with mammary tumors?
ID of one or more metastatic lesios indicated shorter survival time
Specifically: area (width by length > 20 mm ) and diameter > 7 mm
Quantitation of the regional lymph node metastatic burden and prognosis in malignant mammary tumors of dogs JVIM 2015
What is the clinical benefit of electroporation over intralesional chemotherapy in cats with SCC?
Median time to progression 30.5 months vs 3.9 months with bleomycin administered w/ electrochemotherapy vs w/o
Electroporation enhances bleomycin efficacy in cats with periocular carcinoma and advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head JVIM 2015
What chemotherapy agens are currently being used for electroporation?
Bleomycin and cisplatin
Electroporation enhances bleomycin efficacy in cats with periocular carcinoma and advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head JVIM 2015
What is the clinical significance of a dog with a Patnaik grade 3 MCT tumor?
More likely to have metastasis
Comparison of 2- and 3-category histologic grading systems for predicting the presence of metastasis at the time of initial evaluation in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors: 386 cases (2009–2014) JAVMA 2015
What is the clinical significance of hypercalcemia in dogs diagnosied with AGASACA?
No effect
Surgical excision of anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinomas with and without adjunctive chemotherapy in dogs: 42 cases (2005–2011) JAVMA 2015
What are factors that habe been to showw to affect survival time in dogs with AGASACA?
Presence of sublumbarl lmphadenopathy
Chemo did not impact
Incomplete excision did not impact
Surgical excision of anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinomas with and without adjunctive chemotherapy in dogs: 42 cases (2005–2011) JAVMA 2015
What was the outcome of a dog with large granular lmphocytic leukemia that received allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation?
After chemo had transplant - stable disease to at least 2 years
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in a dog with acute large granular lymphocytic leukemia JAVMA 2015
What is the demonstrated survival time for hemangiosarcoma fter surgery alone?
1.6 months overall
With stage one (spleen only) - 5.5 months
With stage 3 (spleen w/ mets) - 0.9 months
Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001–2012) Javma 2016
What is the epidemiology with implant-associated neoplasia in dogs?
Median time to neoplasia 5.5 yts Pelvic limb > thoracic Diaphysis most commonly Osteosarcoma most common Sarcomas in general more likely
Implant-associated neoplasia in dogs: 16 cases (1983–2013) JAVMA 2015
Which bones are most commonly associated with pathologic fracture?
Femur > tibia > humerus > radius > ulna
Bones other than radius more likely
Lytic more likely
Factors associated with pathological fractures in dogs with appendicular primary bone neoplasia: 84 cases (2007–2013) JAVMA 2015
What are the expected outcomes of radiotherapy for treatment for oral malignant melanoma?
MST Stage 1: 758 days Stage 2: 278 days Stage 3: 163 days Stage 4: 80 days
Outcomes of dogs undergoing radiotherapy for treatment of oral malignant melanoma: 111 cases (2006–2012) JAVMA 2015
What are the known outcomes of dogs with splenic liposarcoma in dogs?
MST 623 days If metastasis - 45 days vs 767 d w/o Grade 1: 1009 days Gade 2: 206 days Grade 3: 74 days
What are the general expected outcomes for treatment of solid tumors with palliative radiation therapy?
75% response rate, 77% cliical response
MST 134 d
tumor lication did not affect progression/survival time
Acute effects 57 in 57 dogs, chronic effects in 8 dogs
Palliative radiation therapy for solid tumors in dogs: 103 cases (2007–2011) JAVMA 2016
What are the reported outcomes of marginal tumor exisition with intralesional cisplatin for canine sarcomas?
41% toxicosis at treatment site
Median disease free interval not reached in grade 1 and 2 sarcoma.
Grade 3 was 148 days
2) Evaluation of local toxic effects and outcomes for dogs undergoing marginal tumor excision with intralesional cisplatin-impregnated bead placement for treatment of soft tissue sarcomas: 62 cases (2009–2012)
What percentage of dogs undergoing elective splenectomy for nonrupture splenic nodule or masses are benign vs malignant?
71% benign - 29% malignant (1/2 these HSA)
Benign lesions had sig higher PCV
Benign 426 d vs malignant 110 days
Malignant lesins more likely to have hypoechoic nodules vs nonmalignant
Incidence of malignancy and outcomes for dogs undergoing splenectomy for incidentally detected nonruptured splenic nodules or masses: 105 cases (2009–2013) JAVMA 2016
What is the general prognosis of dogs that have primary nodal hemangiosarcoma?
better than splenic
259-365 days with surgery and chemotherapy
Primary nodal hemangiosarcoma in four dogs JAVMA 2016
Is prednisone a necessary component in multidrug chemotherapy protocols?
Yes
Median progression free 142.5 vs 292 d w/o and w/ prednisone
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of prednisone omission from a multidrug chemotherapy protocol on treatment outcome in dogs with peripheral nodal lymphomas JAVMA 2016
What was the incidence of hemorrhagic cysitis in a group of dogs receiving oral metronomic cyclophosphamdie and furosemdie?
3.6%
Median duration of treatment 272 days
Incidence of sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in tumor-bearing dogs concurrently treated with oral metronomic cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and furosemide: 55 cases (2009–2015) JAVMA 2016
What is the prevalence of malignant tumors in small breed dogs undergoing splenectomy?
50% - 67% of these were HAS
Wheaton terriers overrepresented
Splenomegaly in small‐breed dogs: 45 cases(2005–2011) JAVMA 2017
What percentage of normal dogs vs allergic dogs vs MCT dogs have mast cell tumors in their lymph nodes closely associated with their affected regions?
Normal: 0%
Allergic: 0.05%
MCT 0.4% (up to 77.4%)
Cytologic comparison of the percentage of mast cells in lymph node aspirate samples from clinically normal dogs versus dogs with allergic dermatologic disease and dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors JAVMA 2017
What is the role in metastasectomy in dogs with stage III osteosarcoma?
Extends survival time
333 d vs 99 days
Prognosis for dogs with stage III osteosarcoma following treatment with amputation and chemotherapy with and without metastasectomy JAVMA 2017
Is the substitution of mitoxantrone for doxorubicin a viable treatment option for the treatment of lymphoma?
Yes - progression free interval and overall survival time are comparable.
Substitution of mitoxantrone for doxorubicin in a multidrug chemotherapeutic protocol for first-line treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma JAVMA 2019
Does adjunctive chemotherapy provide a survival benefit to small intestinal adenocarcinoma in dogs?
No
Age is associated with overall survival 1,193 days vvs 544 days w/ a cut off of 8 years
LN metasasis, adjunctive chemothearpy, NSAID administration associated with survival time JAVMA 2019
What are the expecteed outcomes of dogs treated with sterotactic radiation for nasal tumors?
All cause median surviavl time 388 days
14/24 died from cancer-related causes
Outcomes and adverse effects associated with stereotactic body radiation therapy in dogs with nasal tumors: 28 cases (2011–2016) JAVMA 2019
What are the demonstrated adverse effects of radiation therapy for nasal tumors?
Acute - skin in 26% dogs, oral 30% of dogs
ocular - KCS in 4%, discharge in 26%
Of dogs surviving greater than 6 months - 18% unilateral cataract, 18% delveoped oother - leukotrichia, skin hyperpigmentation
Outcomes and adverse effects associated with stereotactic body radiation therapy in dogs with nasal tumors: 28 cases (2011–2016) JAVMA 2019
What are the expected findings in cats with AGASACA?
Perineal ulceration or discaharge
Local recurrence in 11/30 cats at 90 days
Incomplete tumor margins and high nuclear pleomorphic score negative associated with DFI
Local recurrence and higher nuclear score associated with death - MST 260 days
Is it most likely that metastasis to the mandibular lymph node and the retropharyngeal lymph nodes conocurrently for oral tumors in dogs?
No - retropharyngeal metasasis wass noted in 13/16, 3 of which did not have concurrent mandibular lymph node involvement
Contralateral nodes may also be affecte without ipsalateral
Bilateral removal of mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes ir recommended for complete control
Histologic evaluation of mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes during staging of oral malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in dogs JAVMA 2019
Is Palladia a reasonable treatment option for dogs with stage 4 AGASACA?
Maybe
Median PFI 354 days, survial time 356 (better than expected survival time for advanced AGASACA
Mostly stable disease
13/15 had clinical benefit
Response and outcome following toceranib phosphate treatment for stage four anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma in dogs: 15 cases (2013–2017) JAVMA 2019
What is the expected outcome of dogs undergoing balloon dilation for urethral obstruction secondary to urothelial carcinoma in dogs?
9/12 improvement w/ median response 84 d (48-296) - 1 mild, 4 moderate, 4 severe
Recurrence in 5/12 dogs - 3 of which had improvement after second for 41-70 d.
Hematuria, urinary incontinence, dysuria for a few days post proccedure
Outcomes following balloon dilation for management of urethral obstruction secondary to urothelial carcinoma in dogs: 12 cases (2010–2015)
