GI Flashcards
What is the efficacy of sialocele surgery vs radiation in dogs?
5-14% surgery recurr
radiation 54% complete, 45% partial
Efficacy of Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Sialocele in Dogs JVIM 2018
What is the cut-off for fecal calprotectin to differentiate between steroid and food responsive?
> 15.2 ug/G
Diagnostic accuracy to detect dogs with SRE/IRE was improved when fecal calprotectin was used in combination with serum CRP (cut-off concentration: ≥9.1 mg/L), the CCECAI score (cut-off score: ≥8), or both
Association of fecal calprotectin concentrations with disease severity, response to treatment, and other biomarkers in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies JVIM 2018
What is the clinical benefit of using an indwelling esophageal balloon dilation feeding tube?
More ecnomical, shorter anesthesia time
Good results - improval in 11/12 patients - 8/12 had no dysphagia
Prospective evaluation of an indwelling esophageal balloon dilatation feeding tube for treatment of benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats JVIM 2018
What is the EPX mAB-label used for?
Detection of degranulated eosinophils. Higher in dogs w/ eosinophilic dz vs healthy
Highest in stomach, duodenum, colon
Assessment of eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of dogs JVIM 2018
What is the apical sodium-dependnet bile acid transporter and how does it differ in dogs w/ and w/o CE?
Helps control primary bile acid levels
Decreased expression in CE dogs
Correlates w/ inflammation on histopathology
Increased primary bile acids and dysbiosis w/ IBD patients
Comparison of intestinal expression of the apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter between dogs with and without chronic inflammatory enteropathy JVIM 2018
What was the clinical benefit of fecal microbiotic transplantation in puppie with canin parvo virus?
Fastter resolution of diarrhea and shorter hospitalization
Mortality not sig different
Fecal microbiota transplantation in puppies with canine parvovirus infection JVIM 2018
What phenotypes of pheripheral blood lymphocytes have been noted in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease?
TCRgammadelta+ and CD21+
These do not improve w/ treatment
Immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease JVIM 2018
What is thee ffect of omeprazole on gastric pH in cats?
Mean gastric and esophageal pH sig lower after singlue dose (1.5-2.2 mg/kg)
Prevalence of GERD in cats during anesthesia and effect of omeprazole on gastric pH JVIM 2017
What is the prevalence of GERD in cats during anesthesia?
30%
Omeprazole does not sig change the number of reflux events
Prevalence of GERD in cats during anesthesia and effect of omeprazole on gastric pH JVIM 2017
Is there clinical benefit to the administration of a probriotic/prebiotic to shelter dogs?
Less % days scored as diarrhea (2 vs 3.2%)
After 2 weeks, more dogs continued to have diarrhea
Efficacy of a probiotic-prebiotic supplement on incidence of diarrhea in a dog shelter: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial JVIM 2017
What is the possible clinical use of albumin-based nuclear scintigraphy?
Highlighted diffuse SI and focal SI, LI areas affected by PLE
False negative possible with GI bleeding
Applicability of 99mTC-labeled human serum albumin scintigraphy in dogs with PLE JVIM 2017
Is a commercially available IFA assay for pANCA a good option for the diagnosis of FRD in dogs?
Yes - 61%, 100% spec
correlates with previous testing for SCWT JVIM 2017
How does taurine correlate in cats with intestinal disease?
No correlation w/ whole blood taurine and serum colbalamin, folate, albumin
No sig diff in CE vs neoplasia
Dogs w/ lower bowel signs have lower taurine
Whole blood taurine concentrations in cats with intestinal disease JVIM 2017
Does the use of a synbiotic help mitigate clindamycin induced GI signs in cats?
No diff on fecal score
Vomited less
More likely to complete coure of treatment
Higher food intake
Benefits persisted up to 6 weeks after therapy
Randomized, Controlled, Crossover trial of Prevention of Clindamycin-Induced Gastrointestinal Signs Using a Synbiotic in Healthy Research Cats JVIM 2017
What is correlation between gastric pH and serum gastrin levels in CKD cats and healthy cats?
No sig difference in gastrin, gastric pH
No sig correlatoin in gastrin or creatinine
Evaluation of gastric pH and serum gastrin concentrations in cats with CKD JVIM 2017
What are the key histopathologic characteristics of dogs with CE w/ and w/o hypoalbuminemia?
increased villous blunting, epithelial injury, crypt distension, lacteal dilation, IEL, neurophilsl in the lamina propria
Eos, lymphocytes and plasma cells NOT different bt. protein losing and not
Histopathologic characteristics of intestinal biopsy samples from dogs with chronic enteropathy with and without hypoalbuminemia JVIM 2017
What is the clinical significance of serum 3- bromotyrosine?
byproduct of hyporbomous acid after acitation of eosinophils w/ eosinophil peroxidase
3-BrY higher in steroid responsive vs Food or healthy w/ overlap
No correlation with CCECAI
jVIM 2017
What are some key characteristics associated with poor treatment response in dogs with CE?
Idiopathic disease, neoplastic, anemia, alb < 2.0, cobalamin < 200
87% overall response rate
Inflammatory most common primary
Food > idiopatic > ARD
Secondary: EPI > endocrine > other
13) Chronic diarrhea in dogs: retrospective study in 136 cases Volkmann
what is the most common type of esophageal FB?
Bone > fish hook
Risk factors for death in dogs treated for esophageal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 222 cases JVIM 2017
Most common location of esophageal FB
DIstal esoph > thoracic inslet
No sig difference w. location
Risk factors for death in dogs treated for esophageal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 222 cases JVIM 2017
What is the success rate in esophageal FB removal? Surgery results?
92%
Surgery fatality rate is 23%
Risk factors for death in dogs treated for esophageal foreign body obstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 222 cases JVIM 2017
Is there sig difference in GI transit time in laparascopic vs standard gastropexy?
No
Effect of laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy on GI transit time in dogs JVIM 2017
What are the key characteristisc of chronic gingivostomitis w/ esophagitis in cats
?
98% had esophagitis
Disease in distal > proximal
Normal squamous epithelium w. inflammation of the lamina propria
5/35 had metaplastic esopahageal tissue
Chronic gingivostomatitis with esophagitis in cats JVIM 2017
What metabolic effect does omeprazole have?
Increased gastrin
Further increase noted after discontinuing in two cats
A prospective, placebo-controlled pilot evaluation of the effect of omeprazole on serum calcium, magnesium, cobalamin, gastrin concentrations, and bone in cats JVIM 2017
What bacterial agent has been linked to neutrophilic CE in cats?
Campylobacter
Either directly stimulates neutrophils or produces neutrophilc chemoattractants
Campylobacter species and neutrophilic IBD in cats JVIM 2016
Which technique is superior for preserving endoscopically acquired gastric and duodenal biopsy samples?
mounted to cucumber slice or biopsy sponge > free floating
Wider samples and less artifacts
Comparison of 3 handling techniques for endoscopically obtained gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens: a prospective study in dogs and cats JVIM 2016
How does steroid use impact complication frequency of complications during PEG placement?
Overall 74% complications
More severe complications in steroid group:
Development of purulent discharge around stoma site, PEG tube dislodgement, and tube chewed at the stoma site
Complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in dogs and cats receiving corticosteroid treatment JVIM 2016
Is there clinical difference in multi vs single use endoscopic biopsy tools?
No
10-15 uses allows for adequate samples
Evaluating quality and adequacy of GI samples collected using reusable or disposable forceps JVIM 2016
Is a broken omeprazole tablet efficacious?
yes
Evaluation of the effect of orally administered acid suppressants on intragastric pH in cats JVIM 2015
Does cerenia or metoclopramide help decrease GER events under anesthesia?
NO
Evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative administration of maropitant citrate and metoclopramide hydrochloride in preventing postoperative clinical gastroesophageal reflux in dogs (Jones and Fransson) JAVMA 2019
Success rate of apomorphine?
73%
Young dogs, fabric, leather, bathroom waste more successful
Less likely with longer period of time bt ingestion and presentation, opiods, sedetives and anti emetics reduced success rate
JAVMA 2019
Factors that are assocaited w/ dehiscence and mortality rate after GI surgery?
Increasesd plasma lactate
ASA > 3
Factors associated with dehiscence and mortality rates following gastrointestinal surgery in dogs (Gill et al) JAVMA 2019
What two factor sig effect serum cobalamin viability during storage?
Light and room temp
Ok up to 5 days refrigreated
Effects of storage conditions and duration on cobalamin concentration in serum samples from cats and dogs JAVMA 2018
Likelihood and associations bt esophageal FB and performation
No association w/ weight
Median interval fro ingestinon in evaluation
87% survival
Likelihood and outcome of esophageal perforation secondary to esophageal foreign body in dogs JAVMA 2018
How do ultrasound and CT compare for identification of GI obstruction?
US - sens 100% spec 67%
CT sens 100% spec 100%
shorter imaging for CT
Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic characterization and localization of suspected mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs JAVMA 2017
What is the mortality rate and predictors of survival in dogs treated outpatient for parvo virus?
75% sruvival rate
Chihuahua, GSD, pit-bull over represented
Age, bw, sex did not impact
dogs receiving calorie supplements q 2-4 hr more likley to surviv
What is the impact of hospitalization on GI motility and pH in dogs?
No change in gastric pH
Median gastric emptying 71 vs 17 hr
Effect of hospitalization on gastrointestinal motility and pH in dogs JAVMA 2016
What is the impact of maropitant on cats with artifically induced nausea?
Reduced emesis w/o improvement of nausea symptoms
Effects of maropitant in cats receiving dexmedetomidine and morphine
JAVMA 2016
What agents are best at inducing emesis in cats?
Dexmed 81%
xylazine 44%
No h202
Assessment of dexmedetomidine and other agents for emesis induction in cats: 43 cases (2009-2014) JAVMA 2015
Is intermitent suction of NG linked to metabolic alkalosis?
No
1) Incidence of hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in dogs and cats with and without nasogastric tubes over a period of up to 36 hours in the intensive care unit
JVECC 2018
