oncogenesis

Question 1

cancer incidence

Answer 1

1) 1.6 million new cases over last year
2) 580000 deaths per year

Question 2

carcinoma

Answer 2

1) epithelial tissue

Question 3

sarcoma

Answer 3

1) CT

Question 4

leukemia/lymphoma/myeloma

Answer 4

1) hematopoietic tissue

Question 5

oncogenesis overview

Answer 5

1) normal
2) hyperplasia
3) dysplasia
4) cancer

Question 6

what is one type of hyperplasia we will see?

Answer 6

1) barretts esophagus

Question 7

four characteristics of cancer

Answer 7

1) uncontrolled proliferation
2) loss of function through loss of differentiation
3) invasiveness
4) metastasis ability

Question 8

what can impact the integrity of DNA

Answer 8

1) chemicals
2) viruses and bacteria
3) radiation
4) heredity

Question 9

common genes that can be mutated

Answer 9

1) oncogenes
2) tumor suppressor genes
3) DNA repair genes

Question 10

oncogenes when mutated

Answer 10

1) protooncogenes, when mutated
- increased proliferation: WNT, RAS
- increased survival: BCL-2
2) gas pedal

Question 11

tumor suppressor genes when mutated

Answer 11

1) normal genes prevent cancer, damage to both genes leads to cancer
2) brake pedal

Question 12

p53 tumor suppressor protein

Answer 12

1) cell suicide trigger (apoptosis)
2) most common genetic lesion in cancers
3) normally promotes genomic stability

Question 13

DNA repair genes when mutated

Answer 13

1) No DNA repair, cancer occurs

Question 14

angiogenesis

Answer 14

1) blood vessels grow from preexisting vasculature to feed the tumor