alzheimer drugs

Question 1

overlap of AD with other dementias

Answer 1

1) dementia with lewy bodies
2) alzheimers
3) vascular dementia

Question 2

some causes of memory loss and dementia

Answer 2

1) vitamin deficiency
2) stroke

Question 3

brain atrophy

Answer 3

1) brain matter becomes smaller

Question 4

etiology of AD

Answer 4

1) early onset
- mutation in amyloid precursor protein gene
2) late onset
- risk for AD increased 3-13 times in ApoE4 heterozygote and ApoE4 homozygote
3) environmental risk factors: agriculture, preexisting medical conditions, lifestyle factors, old age
4) pathogenesis
- double prion disease with misfolded amyloid and tau proteins

Question 5

amyloid beta

Answer 5

1) forms plaques and glomerates if amyloid clearance is impaired

Question 6

glymphatic clearance

Answer 6

1) effective only during the deep sleep

Question 7

prion

Answer 7

1) spongiform bovine encephalopathy
2) creutzfeldt jacob
3) alzheimes
4) misfolded proteins that can spread by forcing normal proteins into that shape - self propagating

Question 8

risk factors

Answer 8

1) obseity
2) diabetes
3) smoking
4) etc

Question 9

AD signs and symptoms

Answer 9

1) forgetfulness, disorientation, agnosia
2) mild to severe
3) etc

Question 10

positron emission tomography

Answer 10

1) red shows positive scan of amyloid beta deposits

Question 11

pharmacotherapy

Answer 11

1) AChE inhibitors
- donepezil
2) NMDA receptor blockers
- namzaric

Question 12

unwanted effects of AChE

Answer 12

1) cholinergic overstimulation
2) increase salivation, blurry vision, decrease HR, etc
3) in dentistry
- dialogogue, tongue edema, taste disturbance,

Question 13

DO NOT give AChE inhibitors

Answer 13

1) people with COPD or asthma
2) peptic ulcers

Question 14

contraindicated in PD on anticholinergic drugs for their tremor

Answer 14

1) nemantine
2) A N

Question 15

aducanumab and lecanemab

Answer 15

1) bind to amyloid beta
2) stimulate microglia to phagocytose them
2) removal of amyloid beta from brain