antipsychotic drugs

Question 1

psychosis

Answer 1

1) abnormal state of consciousness in which higher function of mind are disrupted
2) affects 1-3%
3) most common form is schizophrenia in 0.2-0.6% of USA
4) onset is between 12-31 years of age and persists for life

Question 2

three phases of psychotic episode

Answer 2

1) prodome
2) acute
3) recovery

can last up to a couple years
early diagnosis leads to better outcomes

Question 3

know the psychotic terms

Answer 3

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Question 4

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 4

1) hallucinations
- perceptions through the five senses, but are not real
2) delusions
- believe something that is not true
3) disorganized thinking
4) abnormal motor behavior
5) diaorganized speech and behavior

Question 5

negative symptoms

Answer 5

1) lack of expression
2) monotone speech
3) difficulties thinking and starting tasks
4) low levels of motivation
5) lack of interest and pleasure

Question 6

DSM-5

Answer 6

1) diagnosis of schizophrenia
2) needs at least two of the following
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- disorganized behavior
- negative symptoms
3) experiences for t least three months, with psychotic features for at least one month

Question 7

susceptibility genes

Answer 7

1) BDNF, dysbindin, neuregulin, and DISC-1
- abnormal development of neuronal circuits

Question 8

environmental factors

Answer 8

1) herpes virus infection of fetus
2) autoimmunity
3) obstetric complications at birth
4) infection of CNS in childhood
5) childhood brain trauma
6) trichloroethylene exposure
7) social stressors

Question 9

DISC 1

Answer 9

1) gene that leads to abnormal cell signalling

Question 10

enlarged ventricles

Answer 10

1) loss of white and gray tissue in brain

Question 11

dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

Answer 11

1) all known antipsychotics block D2 dopamine receptors
2) stimulant drugs release dopanine, causing paranoid psychosis

Question 12

first generation antipsychotics and second generation

Answer 12

???

Question 13

side effects of classical antipsychotics

Answer 13

1) D2 block in nigrostriatal system leads to extra pyramidal symptoms
- Parkinsonism, dystonia,

Question 14

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