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A&P-LVN > Olympics - Digestive & Urinary > Flashcards

Olympics - Digestive & Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sphincter that allows food to enter the stomach from the esophagus?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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2
Q

ADH…

A

stimulates the collecting duct to reabsorb water

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3
Q

An antiacid drug exerts its effect in the…

A

STOMACH

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4
Q

Which of the following produces amino acids as it end-product of digestion?

A

Trypsin

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5
Q

Which of the following is false with regard to normal urine?

A

Normal urine has E. Coli as part of its normal flora

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6
Q

Which statement is true?

A

Trypsin is secreted by the liver

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7
Q

The mesentery, mesocolon and omentum are…

A

peritoneal membranes

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8
Q

What is the chief organ of drug detoxification?

A

Liver

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9
Q

Relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi allows…

A

bile to enter the duodenum from the common bile duct

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10
Q

Lipase, proteases and amylase are…

A

digestive enzymes

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11
Q

What condition is most likely to be caused by pyloric stenosis?

A

Projectile vomitting

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12
Q

An elevated serum creatinine level is most indicative of…

A

declining renal function

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13
Q

Enamel, dentin, and cementum are related to which structure?

A

Tooth

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14
Q

Which of the following is not true of CCK (cholecystokinin)?

A

Classified as lipase

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15
Q

Emulsification is most associated with which substance?

A

Bile

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16
Q

Aldosterone…

A

is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium

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17
Q

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

A

It is the “salt-retaining” hormone

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18
Q

This organ synthesizes clotting factors, stores vitamins, detoxifies drugs and helps regulate blood glucose levels

A

Liver

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19
Q

A patient with stenosis (narrowing) of the renal artery is most likely to present with….

A

hypertension

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20
Q

Which condition is associated with proteinuria?

A

Glomerular damage

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21
Q

The hepatic flexure, splenic flexure, cecum, and color are all….

A

parts of the large intestine

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22
Q

The fundus, body and pylorus are parts of the…

A

stomach

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23
Q

A drug that blocks vagal activity…

A

slows GI mobility and reduces GI secretions

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24
Q

Which of the following is most related to the microvilli?

A

Absorption

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25
Q

Which organ secretes the most potent of the digestive system?

A

pancreas

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26
Q

The urinary meatus is a part of the…

A

urethra

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27
Q

What part of the nephron unit filters 180 L of water per day?

A

Glomeruli

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28
Q

Obstruction of the common bile duct causes….

A

jaundice

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29
Q

Which regard to reabsorption, which structure plays the most important role?

A

Peritubular capillaries

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30
Q

In the process of secretion, a substance moves form the peritubular capillaries into what structure?

A

Renal tubules

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31
Q

The structure is located between the lower esophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter.

A

Stomach

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32
Q

Which of the following is true?

A

Amylases digest carbohydrates

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33
Q

A sever decline in blood pressure is most apt to induce…

A

oliguria

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34
Q

Which of the following is true of the following: pepsin, trypsin, amylase and lipase all are?

A

digestive enzymes

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35
Q

Which of the following is not true of ADH?

A

causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium and water

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36
Q

The detrusor muscle is located in the….

A

urinary bladder

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37
Q

A paralytic ileus is caused by a cessation of…

A

peristalsis

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38
Q

Which organs produces bile and secretes it into the hepatic ducts?

A

Liver

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39
Q

When the arterial blood pressure declines to 70/40 mm Hg…

A

GFR decreases

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40
Q

The word “voiding” refers to…

A

micturition

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41
Q

The renal excretion of Na+ is generally accompanied by the excretion of…

A

water

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42
Q

Most digestion and absorption takes place within the…

A

duodenum and part of the jejunum

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43
Q

Cellulose

A

is dietary fiber that cannot be digested by humans

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44
Q

The common bile duct…

A

empties bile into the duodenum

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45
Q

Which of the following is a hormone?

A

cholecystokinin

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46
Q

Which of the following describes gastric function?

A

All of the above

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47
Q

Which of the following is correct?

A

One urethra

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48
Q

Chyle is found in the

A

lacteals

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49
Q

Paralytic ileus is the…

A

slowing or cessation of GI motility

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50
Q

The role of HCI in digestion is…

A

to unravel proteins so that they can be digested by proteases

51
Q

Which structure contains the villi, microvilli, and brush border cells?

A

duodenum

52
Q

The ampulla of Vater and the sphincter of Oddi are located between the common bile duct and what structure?

A

Duodenum

53
Q

The sigmoid is part of the…

A

Colon

54
Q

What is urine-making structure of the kidney?

A

Nephron unit

55
Q

Renin activates…

A

angiotensinogen

56
Q

Which condition is characterized by hematuria and pyuria?

A

Cystitis

57
Q

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system…

A

expands blood volume

58
Q

The hepatic portal system delivers…

A

end-products of digestion from the GI tract to the liver via blood

59
Q

Pain in the RLQ is most characteristic of…

A

appendicitis

60
Q

Which of the following is caused by portal hypertension?

A

Esophageal varices

61
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the voluntary expulsion of urine?

A

Micturition

62
Q

The wall of which structure secretes the disaccharidases?

A

Duodenum

63
Q

What is the most important nerve of the digestive tract?

A

Vagus

64
Q

Most angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II primarily in the…

A

lungs

65
Q

Which group is incorrect?

A

Small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum

66
Q

Which condition is associated with the bse of the esophagus, fundus of the stomach and diaphragm?

A

Hiatal hernia

67
Q

Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?

A

deficiency of ADH

68
Q

Which of the following is found in the kidney?

A

Nephron Units

69
Q

the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) secretes…

A

renin

70
Q

The renal cortex descends between the pyramids as the…

A

renal columns

71
Q

Low levels of oxygen stimulates the kidneys to secrete which hormone?

A

Erythropoietin

72
Q

What is the tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach?

A

esophagus

73
Q

Chemical digestion of protein begins in the _________ and is completed in the _________.

A

Stomach, small intestine

74
Q

The renal capsule…

A

surrounds the kidneys

75
Q

Which of the following does not directly connect to the duodenum?

A

Cecum

76
Q

The urinary bladder….

A

causes micturition when the detrusor muscle contacts and the internal sphincter relaxes

77
Q

Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension?

A

Oliguria

78
Q

Which of the following is true of the appendix?

A

it it located in the RLQ

79
Q

The pyloric sphincter is located between the duodenum and what structure?

A

Stomach

80
Q

Which structure is located between the common bile duct and the duodenum?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

81
Q

Kaliuresis refers to the renal excretion of…

A

potassium

82
Q

The pancreas….

A

Secretes the most potent digestive enzymes
is only important because of its exocrine function

83
Q

What is the major artery that supplies the kidneys?

A

Renal

84
Q

Amylase…

A

digests carbohydrates

85
Q

Cystitis refers to inflammation of the…

A

urinary bladder

86
Q

The detrusor muscle is concerned with…

A

micturition

87
Q

Which structure is located between the cecum and the transverse colon?

A

Ascending colon

88
Q

The cecum is part of the…

A

large intestine

89
Q

The common bile duct…

A

empties directly into the duodenum

90
Q

Which of the following is not true of bile?

A

it is secreted by the liver lobules into the hepatic portal system

91
Q

The cystic duct, common bile duct, and the hepatic ducts…

A

are parts of the biliary tree

92
Q

What is the site of absorption for most end-products of digestion?

A

duodenum and jejunum

93
Q

Which of the following structures allows the stomach to expand?

A

Rugae

94
Q

Which of the following best describes why food moves through the digestive system from mouth toward the anus?

A

Peristalsis

95
Q

Peristalsis…

A

caused by contraction of smooth muscle

96
Q

Which of the following is true of urea?

A

is an excretable form of nitrogen

97
Q

A drug is classified as a diuretic. Most likely, the drug…

A

blocks the tubular reabsorption of Na+

98
Q

The elimination of gas that is produced during digestion and released from the anus is called

A

flatulence

99
Q

The vagus nerve…

A

speeds up gut motility and secretion

100
Q

Which structure is located between the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder?

A

Ureters

101
Q

The sphincter of Oddi, ampulla of Vater and cystic duct…

A

are biliary structures

102
Q

Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because…

A

all filtered glucose is reabsorbed

103
Q

The duodenum…

A

is the site where most digestion and absorption occur

104
Q

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

A

Stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+

105
Q

The appendix…

A

can rupture and cause peritonitis

106
Q

Which flap of tissue prevents food and water from entering the respitory passages?

A

Epiglottis

107
Q

Which substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine (there is minimal reabsorption)?

A

Creatinine

108
Q

A deficiency of aldosterone causes a decrease in the tubular reabsorption of water of sodium and water, causing a significant decrease in blood volume and…

A

hypotension

109
Q

Which of the following does not communicated with the common bile duct?

A

Portal vein

110
Q

The cecum, colon, and rectum are parts of which structure?

A

Large intestine

111
Q

Hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor and gastrin are…

A

secreted by the stomach

112
Q

Which of the following is most likely to esophageal reflux?

A

Pyrosis

113
Q

Which structure prevents gastric reflux?

A

lower esophageal sphincter

114
Q

Which of the following is true of the salivary glands?

A

Include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

115
Q

The stomach…

A

delivers chyme to the duodenum

116
Q

Bile is not found in which structure?

A

Pancreas

117
Q

Which of the following words best describes the function of the urinary bladder?

A

Storage

118
Q

The urinary tract is lined with

A

mucous membrane

119
Q

This organ secretes most of the plasma proteins, including albumin and many of the clotting factors.

A

Liver

120
Q

what vascular structure is found between the afferent and efferent arterioles?

A

Glomerulus

121
Q

Fat digestion is accomplished by…

A

Bile and lipase

122
Q

This structure is located between the pylorus and the jejunum

A

Duodenum

123
Q

The gallbladder…

A

contracts in response to cholecystokinin

124
Q

Which drug action increases gut motility and is therefore used in the treatment of paralytic ileus?

A

Activated muscarinic receptors

A&P-LVN (6 decks)

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