Olymipics 8 Flashcards
Which of the following drugs is sympathomimetric?
-Vagolytic
-Beta1-adrenergic agonist
-Muscarinic agonist
-Beta1-adrenergic blocker
Beta1-adrenergic agonist
An increased preload
-increases stroke volume
-increases cardiac reserve
-decreased cardiac output
increases stroke volume
Which of the following is most likely to increase stroke volume
-A(+)inotropic drug
-a beta1-adrenergic blocker
-A vagolytic drug
-A(-) chronotropic drug
A(+) inotropic drug
Which of the following is most responsible for the plasma oncotic pressure?
-HCO3-
-Na+
-Albumin
-Cl-
Albumin
Which of the following is most likely to induce carotid sinus syncope?
Exertion of pressure over the carotoid sinus (tight collar)
Which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries increases?
pulmonary edema
which of the following is most likely to increase ejection fraction?
Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors
Which of the following refers to an insufficient blood supply to an organ or body part?
Ischemia
Which of the following is the best description of systole and diastole?
Contraction and relaxation
What is the term for the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat?
Cardiac cycle
Increased return of the blood to the heart stretches the muscle, thereby…
increasing stroke volume
Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output?
Vagal Discharge
Which of the following drugs is most likely to increase systemic vascular resistance?
Arteriolar constrictor
What is the mean arterial a blood pressure of 140/80?
100 mm Hg
ANP and BNP are secreted by the heart in response to..
distension of the heart walls
with which of the following is inotropism most associated?
Force of myocardial contraction
An elderly person has been on bed rest for 2 weeks. On her first attempt to get out of bed, she experiences an episode of syncope. What is the most likely cardiovascular explanation for her fainting episode?
Postural Hypotension
If the digital (finger press) pressure is exerted over the carotid sinus, you would expect..
that the medulla oblongata will interpret the signal as high blood pressure and therefore fire the vagus nerve
A stenotic aortic valve
increases afterload, thereby increasing the work of the left ventricle
what effects do ANP and BNP have?
Stimulate vasodilation and decrease blood volume
Which of the following is not true of an adult male who has blood pressure of 116/72 mm Hg?
The pulse pressure is 100 mm Hg
What is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings?
Pulse pressure
Which of the following is least related to tachydysrhythmias?
Vagal discharge
Systole and diastole describe the function of the
myocardium
Which of the following elevates blood pressure?
Vasopressors
Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and…
stroke volume
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of acute left ventricular failure?
Pulmonary Edema
Which of the following most accurately describes the vagus nerve?
Parasympathetic
Increased afterload (e.g., hypertension)
increases the work of the heart
Which of the following is most apt to cause a (+) inotropic effect?
Use of beta1-adrenergic agonist
Under what condition is end-diastolic volume (EDV) most likely to increase while ejection fraction decreases?
Heart failure
Which of the following is not the result of the firing of the sympathetic nerves on the heart?
Vagally induced bradycardic
An ejection fraction of 30% is
characteristic of a failing heart
A very anxious person appears in the ER. He has a heart rate of 160 beats/ min and indicates that he has a history of panic attacks. He is prescribed an antianxiety agent and a drug to slow his heart rate. Identify the drug (to slow hart rate)
Beta1-adrenergic blocker
Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?
cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume
which term refers to a heart rate less that 60 beats/ min?
bradycardia
Blood pressure is lowest in the morning
inferior vena cava
Whis is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume to the stretching of the heart?
Starling’s law of the heart
What term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat?
Stroke volume
Atropine is the anticholinergic and antimuscarinic and therefore..
is used to treat bradydysrhythmias such as heart block and a prolonged P-R interval
Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and is therefore used to
relieve bradycardia
Cardiac output
is determined by heart rate and stroke volume
A drug (e.g., atropine) that blocks the effects of the vagus nerve
increases heartrate
which of the following does not happen during the ventricular diastole?
blood being pumped into the great vessles
Which condition can occur as a result of low blood volume
Postural hypotension
Vagal stimulation on the heart
slows the heart rate
The characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its
smooth muscle
sympathetic stimulation to the heart
increases heart rate
Cor pulmonale refers to
elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy
an agent that is described as vasopressor
elevates blood pressure
Ventricular systole refers to
contraction of the ventricular myocardium
Blood flow is the slowest in the
capillaries
which of the following is most likely to relieve an anxiety-induced tachycardia?
Beta1-adrenergic blocker
Which of the following defines cardiac output?
Heart rate x stroke volume
with which term is afterload most associated?
resistance
A patient has a heart rate of 128 beats/ min, a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg, and an ejection fraction of 35%. The pulse pressure is
30 mm Hg
which of the following is not true about blood pressure?
blood pressure is higher in the vena cava that in the arterioles
Which of the following is descriptive of the vagus nerve?
Parasypathetic
Heart rate and stroke volume determine?
cardiac output
which of the following is true? (CO is cardiac output, BP is blood pressure, SV is stroke volume, HR is heart rate, PR is peripheral resistance.)
BP=SV x HR x PR
Starling’s law of the heart relates force of myocardial contraction with
proload
which of the following refers to a positive inotropic effect?
An increased myocardial contractile force
Baroreceptors..
are located in the cartoid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in blood pressure
Digoxin exerts a (-) chronotropic effect and (+) inotropic effect. Which of the following describing these effects?
Decreases heart rate and strengthens myocardial contraction
Which of the following is the same as end-diastolic volume?
Preload
A drug causes a (+) inotropic effect, a (-) dromotropic effect, and a (-) chronotropic effect. What drug response would you expect to observe?
slow heart rate
An intense vagal discharge is most apt to cause
decreased heart rate
Systemic vascular resistance decreases when the
arterioles dilate
Which of the following is least likely to be used in the treatment of left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema?
Peripheral vasoconstrictions such as norepinephrine (Levophed)
Digoxin, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure, increases contractile force and is therefore called a
(+) inotropic agent
To maintain a consistent cardiac output, what happens to SV as HR increases?
Stroke volume decreases
An elevation in pulmonary artery pressure is most likely to cause…
right ventricular hypertrophy
A patient has hemorrhaged liter of blood; he is diaphoretic (profuse perspiration), oliguric (decreased urinary output), and tachycardic. Physiologically, what is happening?
In response to the blood loss and declining blood pressure, the baroreceptor reflex has kicked in, causing a sympathetic discharge
if a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine (albuminuria)…
plasma oncotic pressure decreases and edema develops
what is the pulse opressure when a persons blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg?
40 mm Hg
Which of the following is descriptive of a drug that causes a (+) inotropic effect, a (+) dromotropic effect, and a (+) chronotropic effect?
Sypathomimetic
Vagal stimulation to the heart causes
heart rate to slow
A change in preload causes a change in myocardial contractile force. This response is known as a
Starling’s law of the heart
Which artery is most used to measure blood pressure?
Brachial
Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 min?
Cardiac Output
Plasma oncotic pressure is caused primarily by
plasma proteins, especially albumin
Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are
secreted by the adrenal medulla
Most of the symptoms of acute left-sided heart failure are
respiratory in nature (e.g., dyspnea, orthopnea)
A decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by
loss of plasma proteins, such as albumin
A sphygmomanometer measures
blood pressure
Which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels?
capillaries
Milliliters per minute decribes
cardiac output
Atropine, a muscarinic blocker
increases heart rate
The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase is the
-preload
-amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase
-end-diastolic volume
-all of the above are true
All of the above are true
Excess vagal stimulation to the SA nose is most likely to cause
bradycardia
Jugular vein distention is most associated with
right-sided heart failure
Decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries is most likely to cause
angina pectoris
Which part of the brain participates in the baroreceptor reflex?
medulla oblongata
What do the baroreceptors sense?
Blood pressure
A tight collar might trigger the baroreceptor reflex because
carotid baroreceptors interpret the elevated carotid pressure as an elevation of blood pressure
Which of the following is happening during atrial systole?
a. The AV valves are closed
b. The ventricles are relaxed
c. Both A& C are true
d. The atria prump blood into the ventricles
Both A & C are true
Which of the following is true of vasoconstriction?
Increases SVR
An IV infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution) is used to decrease intracranial pressure in a head-injured patient because the mannitol
pulls water out of the interstitium of the brain into the capillaries, thereby relieving edema
An increase in venous return causes an increase in cardiac output. This is accomplished by
Starlings Law of the heart
What happens during the ventricular diastole?
The ventricles are filling with blood
During atrial systole, the
ventricles are relaxed
Activation of the muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine
slows heart rate
which of the following structures has the greatest effect on systemic vascular resistance?
Arterioles
A patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as beta1-adrenergic agonist. The drug
activates the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes a (+) inotropic effect
Which of the following is approximately 70 mL?
An average stoke volume
Your patient’s intial blood pressure was 155/95 mm Hg. After 10 minutes his blood pressure was 125/75 mm Hg. Which of the following best reflects this observation?
White coat hypertension
Milliliters/beat x beats/ min defines
cardiac output
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a very rapid heart rate?
Decreased ventricular filling (with blood)
Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium
causes a (+) inotropic effect
Which of the following does not happen to a ventricle?
Discharge of the vagal nerve
Which of the following is least related to bradycardia?
Greater than 60 beats/ min
Which of the following is most related to the systolic reading, diastolic reading and Korotkoff sounds?
Blood pressure
Which of the following is most apt to induce an autonomically induced bradycardia?
Activation of the muscarinic receptos
Furosemide (Lasix), a potent diuretic, is administered in acute ventricular failure to
excrete excess water and relieve edema
