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A&P-LVN > Olymipics 8 > Flashcards

Olymipics 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following drugs is sympathomimetric?
-Vagolytic
-Beta1-adrenergic agonist
-Muscarinic agonist
-Beta1-adrenergic blocker

A

Beta1-adrenergic agonist

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2
Q

An increased preload
-increases stroke volume
-increases cardiac reserve
-decreased cardiac output

A

increases stroke volume

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3
Q

Which of the following is most likely to increase stroke volume
-A(+)inotropic drug
-a beta1-adrenergic blocker
-A vagolytic drug
-A(-) chronotropic drug

A

A(+) inotropic drug

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4
Q

Which of the following is most responsible for the plasma oncotic pressure?
-HCO3-
-Na+
-Albumin
-Cl-

A

Albumin

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5
Q

Which of the following is most likely to induce carotid sinus syncope?

A

Exertion of pressure over the carotoid sinus (tight collar)

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6
Q

Which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries increases?

A

pulmonary edema

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7
Q

which of the following is most likely to increase ejection fraction?

A

Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors

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8
Q

Which of the following refers to an insufficient blood supply to an organ or body part?

A

Ischemia

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9
Q

Which of the following is the best description of systole and diastole?

A

Contraction and relaxation

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10
Q

What is the term for the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat?

A

Cardiac cycle

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11
Q

Increased return of the blood to the heart stretches the muscle, thereby…

A

increasing stroke volume

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12
Q

Which of the following is least likely to increase cardiac output?

A

Vagal Discharge

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13
Q

Which of the following drugs is most likely to increase systemic vascular resistance?

A

Arteriolar constrictor

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14
Q

What is the mean arterial a blood pressure of 140/80?

A

100 mm Hg

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15
Q

ANP and BNP are secreted by the heart in response to..

A

distension of the heart walls

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16
Q

with which of the following is inotropism most associated?

A

Force of myocardial contraction

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17
Q

An elderly person has been on bed rest for 2 weeks. On her first attempt to get out of bed, she experiences an episode of syncope. What is the most likely cardiovascular explanation for her fainting episode?

A

Postural Hypotension

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18
Q

If the digital (finger press) pressure is exerted over the carotid sinus, you would expect..

A

that the medulla oblongata will interpret the signal as high blood pressure and therefore fire the vagus nerve

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19
Q

A stenotic aortic valve

A

increases afterload, thereby increasing the work of the left ventricle

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20
Q

what effects do ANP and BNP have?

A

Stimulate vasodilation and decrease blood volume

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21
Q

Which of the following is not true of an adult male who has blood pressure of 116/72 mm Hg?

A

The pulse pressure is 100 mm Hg

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22
Q

What is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings?

A

Pulse pressure

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23
Q

Which of the following is least related to tachydysrhythmias?

A

Vagal discharge

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24
Q

Systole and diastole describe the function of the

A

myocardium

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25
Q

Which of the following elevates blood pressure?

A

Vasopressors

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26
Q

Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and…

A

stroke volume

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27
Q

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of acute left ventricular failure?

A

Pulmonary Edema

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28
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes the vagus nerve?

A

Parasympathetic

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29
Q

Increased afterload (e.g., hypertension)

A

increases the work of the heart

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30
Q

Which of the following is most apt to cause a (+) inotropic effect?

A

Use of beta1-adrenergic agonist

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31
Q

Under what condition is end-diastolic volume (EDV) most likely to increase while ejection fraction decreases?

A

Heart failure

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32
Q

Which of the following is not the result of the firing of the sympathetic nerves on the heart?

A

Vagally induced bradycardic

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33
Q

An ejection fraction of 30% is

A

characteristic of a failing heart

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34
Q

A very anxious person appears in the ER. He has a heart rate of 160 beats/ min and indicates that he has a history of panic attacks. He is prescribed an antianxiety agent and a drug to slow his heart rate. Identify the drug (to slow hart rate)

A

Beta1-adrenergic blocker

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35
Q

Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?

A

cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume

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36
Q

which term refers to a heart rate less that 60 beats/ min?

A

bradycardia

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37
Q

Blood pressure is lowest in the morning

A

inferior vena cava

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38
Q

Whis is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume to the stretching of the heart?

A

Starling’s law of the heart

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39
Q

What term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat?

A

Stroke volume

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40
Q

Atropine is the anticholinergic and antimuscarinic and therefore..

A

is used to treat bradydysrhythmias such as heart block and a prolonged P-R interval

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41
Q

Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and is therefore used to

A

relieve bradycardia

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42
Q

Cardiac output

A

is determined by heart rate and stroke volume

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43
Q

A drug (e.g., atropine) that blocks the effects of the vagus nerve

A

increases heartrate

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44
Q

which of the following does not happen during the ventricular diastole?

A

blood being pumped into the great vessles

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45
Q

Which condition can occur as a result of low blood volume

A

Postural hypotension

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46
Q

Vagal stimulation on the heart

A

slows the heart rate

47
Q

The characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its

A

smooth muscle

48
Q

sympathetic stimulation to the heart

A

increases heart rate

49
Q

Cor pulmonale refers to

A

elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy

50
Q

an agent that is described as vasopressor

A

elevates blood pressure

51
Q

Ventricular systole refers to

A

contraction of the ventricular myocardium

52
Q

Blood flow is the slowest in the

A

capillaries

53
Q

which of the following is most likely to relieve an anxiety-induced tachycardia?

A

Beta1-adrenergic blocker

54
Q

Which of the following defines cardiac output?

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

55
Q

with which term is afterload most associated?

A

resistance

56
Q

A patient has a heart rate of 128 beats/ min, a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg, and an ejection fraction of 35%. The pulse pressure is

A

30 mm Hg

57
Q

which of the following is not true about blood pressure?

A

blood pressure is higher in the vena cava that in the arterioles

58
Q

Which of the following is descriptive of the vagus nerve?

A

Parasypathetic

59
Q

Heart rate and stroke volume determine?

A

cardiac output

60
Q

which of the following is true? (CO is cardiac output, BP is blood pressure, SV is stroke volume, HR is heart rate, PR is peripheral resistance.)

A

BP=SV x HR x PR

61
Q

Starling’s law of the heart relates force of myocardial contraction with

A

proload

62
Q

which of the following refers to a positive inotropic effect?

A

An increased myocardial contractile force

63
Q

Baroreceptors..

A

are located in the cartoid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in blood pressure

64
Q

Digoxin exerts a (-) chronotropic effect and (+) inotropic effect. Which of the following describing these effects?

A

Decreases heart rate and strengthens myocardial contraction

65
Q

Which of the following is the same as end-diastolic volume?

A

Preload

66
Q

A drug causes a (+) inotropic effect, a (-) dromotropic effect, and a (-) chronotropic effect. What drug response would you expect to observe?

A

slow heart rate

67
Q

An intense vagal discharge is most apt to cause

A

decreased heart rate

68
Q

Systemic vascular resistance decreases when the

A

arterioles dilate

69
Q

Which of the following is least likely to be used in the treatment of left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema?

A

Peripheral vasoconstrictions such as norepinephrine (Levophed)

70
Q

Digoxin, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure, increases contractile force and is therefore called a

A

(+) inotropic agent

71
Q

To maintain a consistent cardiac output, what happens to SV as HR increases?

A

Stroke volume decreases

72
Q

An elevation in pulmonary artery pressure is most likely to cause…

A

right ventricular hypertrophy

73
Q

A patient has hemorrhaged liter of blood; he is diaphoretic (profuse perspiration), oliguric (decreased urinary output), and tachycardic. Physiologically, what is happening?

A

In response to the blood loss and declining blood pressure, the baroreceptor reflex has kicked in, causing a sympathetic discharge

74
Q

if a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine (albuminuria)…

A

plasma oncotic pressure decreases and edema develops

75
Q

what is the pulse opressure when a persons blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg?

A

40 mm Hg

76
Q

Which of the following is descriptive of a drug that causes a (+) inotropic effect, a (+) dromotropic effect, and a (+) chronotropic effect?

A

Sypathomimetic

77
Q

Vagal stimulation to the heart causes

A

heart rate to slow

78
Q

A change in preload causes a change in myocardial contractile force. This response is known as a

A

Starling’s law of the heart

79
Q

Which artery is most used to measure blood pressure?

A

Brachial

80
Q

Which term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 min?

A

Cardiac Output

81
Q

Plasma oncotic pressure is caused primarily by

A

plasma proteins, especially albumin

82
Q

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla

83
Q

Most of the symptoms of acute left-sided heart failure are

A

respiratory in nature (e.g., dyspnea, orthopnea)

84
Q

A decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by

A

loss of plasma proteins, such as albumin

85
Q

A sphygmomanometer measures

A

blood pressure

86
Q

Which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels?

A

capillaries

87
Q

Milliliters per minute decribes

A

cardiac output

88
Q

Atropine, a muscarinic blocker

A

increases heart rate

89
Q

The amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase is the
-preload
-amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its resting phase
-end-diastolic volume
-all of the above are true

A

All of the above are true

90
Q

Excess vagal stimulation to the SA nose is most likely to cause

A

bradycardia

91
Q

Jugular vein distention is most associated with

A

right-sided heart failure

92
Q

Decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries is most likely to cause

A

angina pectoris

93
Q

Which part of the brain participates in the baroreceptor reflex?

A

medulla oblongata

94
Q

What do the baroreceptors sense?

A

Blood pressure

95
Q

A tight collar might trigger the baroreceptor reflex because

A

carotid baroreceptors interpret the elevated carotid pressure as an elevation of blood pressure

96
Q

Which of the following is happening during atrial systole?
a. The AV valves are closed
b. The ventricles are relaxed
c. Both A& C are true
d. The atria prump blood into the ventricles

A

Both A & C are true

97
Q

Which of the following is true of vasoconstriction?

A

Increases SVR

98
Q

An IV infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution) is used to decrease intracranial pressure in a head-injured patient because the mannitol

A

pulls water out of the interstitium of the brain into the capillaries, thereby relieving edema

99
Q

An increase in venous return causes an increase in cardiac output. This is accomplished by

A

Starlings Law of the heart

100
Q

What happens during the ventricular diastole?

A

The ventricles are filling with blood

101
Q

During atrial systole, the

A

ventricles are relaxed

102
Q

Activation of the muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine

A

slows heart rate

103
Q

which of the following structures has the greatest effect on systemic vascular resistance?

A

Arterioles

104
Q

A patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as beta1-adrenergic agonist. The drug

A

activates the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes a (+) inotropic effect

105
Q

Which of the following is approximately 70 mL?

A

An average stoke volume

106
Q

Your patient’s intial blood pressure was 155/95 mm Hg. After 10 minutes his blood pressure was 125/75 mm Hg. Which of the following best reflects this observation?

A

White coat hypertension

107
Q

Milliliters/beat x beats/ min defines

A

cardiac output

108
Q

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of a very rapid heart rate?

A

Decreased ventricular filling (with blood)

109
Q

Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium

A

causes a (+) inotropic effect

110
Q

Which of the following does not happen to a ventricle?

A

Discharge of the vagal nerve

111
Q

Which of the following is least related to bradycardia?

A

Greater than 60 beats/ min

112
Q

Which of the following is most related to the systolic reading, diastolic reading and Korotkoff sounds?

A

Blood pressure

113
Q

Which of the following is most apt to induce an autonomically induced bradycardia?

A

Activation of the muscarinic receptos

114
Q

Furosemide (Lasix), a potent diuretic, is administered in acute ventricular failure to

A

excrete excess water and relieve edema

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