Final Prep 1-6 & 8 Flashcards
The Heart is an example of a
-Organism
-Organ
-Tissue
-System
Organ
In which abdominal region is the liver located?
a.Right hypochondriac
b.Right lumbar
c.Right Flank
d.Left hypochondriac
e.Right inguinal
Right Hypochondriac
Which abdominal region is the stomach located?
-Epigastrium
-Umbilical
-Left hypochondriac
-Right hypochondriac
-hypogastrium
Epigastrium
The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a ——- section
a. frontal
b. Coronal
c. sagittal
d. Transverse
Sagittal
The level of organization directly below the organ level is the _____ level.
a. system
b. tissue
c. cellular
d. chemical
Tissue
Which region is located superior to the hypogastrium?
a. right iliac
b. umbilical
c. right flank
d. hypogastric
e. epigastium
Umbilical
The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm.
True or false
False
Acids have
a. less h+ ions
b. ph less that 7
c. ph more than 7 and less H+ ions
pH less than 7
Bonds that usually dissociate (separate) in water to form electrolytes are _____ bonds.
a. ionic
b. covalent no polar
c. organic
Ionic
In which abdominal region the sigmoid colon is found?
- left iliac
-right iliac
-epigastrium
-right inguinal
-left lumbar
Left iliac
Which abdominal region houses the majority of the descending colon?
-epigastrium
-left flank
- left inguinal
-right inguinal
-right flank
Left flank
The human body tries to maintain hydration. This is an example of
-a sensor
-positive feedback loop
-an effector
-homeostasis
Homeostasis
1.The lower part of the ventral body cavity
2.Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain
3.Muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
4.Divides the body into right and left sides
5.Divides the body into front and rear parts-
6.Cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities-
-
Abdominopelvic cavity
Cranial Cavity
Diaphragm
Sagittal plane
Frontal plane
Thoracic Cavity
- Abdominopelvic cavity
2.Cranial Cavity
3.Diaphragm
4.Sagital plane
5.Frontal plane
6.Thoracic Cavity
The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a _____ section.
-midsagittal
-frontal
-transverse
-sagittal
Frontal
Which abdominal region is located lateral to the umbilical region?
-iliac
-hypochondriac
-epigastric
-lumbar
Lumbar
Alkaline have
-a ph more that 7
-a ph less than 7
-more H+ ions and ph more than 7
pH more than 7
Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?
-Anatomy
-Physiology
-Pathology
-Dissection
Physiology
Cells:
a. are more complex than tissues
b. are the first level of organization in the body
c. are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body
C. Are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body
The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are:
a.cell - organelle → organ - tissue - system
b.organelle → cell - tissue - organ - system
c.tissue - cell -organelle →organ -system
d.tissue - cell - organ - organelle →system
b.organelle → cell - tissue - organ - system
The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is called
-the sensor
-homeostasis
-the control center
-the effector
The sensor
Which abdominal region is located below the umbilical region?
Hypogastric
Which term means toward the head?
Superior
A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a
tissue
A coronal plane or section is another term for a _____ plane
Frontal
In which abdominal region is the spleen located?
left hypogastric
Which of the options describes below correspond to a function of the Osteoclasts
-Builds bone
-secretes synovial fluid into joints
-raises blood calcium levels
-regulates the production of blood cells
Raises calcium levels
Which of the following bones
is not located in the lower limbs?
-tarsal
-tibia
-ulna
-femur
Ulna
Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant?
Keratin
Which structure refers to the shaft of a long bone?
Diaphysis
The diaphysis is the…
shaft of the long bone
What is the outer lining of connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone ?
Periosteum
C1 to C7 refer to
vertebrae
What is the term that refers to the replacement of cartilage by bone?
Ossification
Fontanels are
areas found in the infant skull that are membranous
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal refer to…
vertebrae
Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?
The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells
Which word(s) best reflect(s) the function of the epiphyseal disc (Aka. Growth cartilage) ?
Longitudinal growth
Which of the following is true of the following terms: osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and osseous tissue?
All refer to bone
The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood
a.into the aorta.
b.to the systemic circulation.
c.into the coronary arteries
d.to the lungs for oxygenation.
to the lungs for oxygenation
The __________ is synthesized (produced) by the skin and is necessary for calcium absorption from the digestive tract.
Vitamin D
Which of the following is not part of the thoracic cage?
Pelvic Bones
They hypodermis:
is also called the subcutaneous layer
Which bone is found in the skull but not in the cranium?
Mandible
What is the name of the “soft spots” in a baby’s skull?
Fontanels
Which of the following is located at the ends of a long bone?
Epiphysis
The occipital bone
Contains the foramen magnum
Which bone is found in the skull but is not a facial bone?
Occipital
Cancellous refers to a
Spongy bone
What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscles?
goosebumps
The Haversian system (osteon) is
the functional unit of the bone
the zygomatic bone
is called the cheekbone
What is the function of the masseter muscle?
chew food
Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is also the chief breathing muscle?
diaphragm
Which of the following is not descriptive of the medulla oblongata?
cardiovascular respiratory center
The medulla oblongata is:
a.sensitive to the effects of opioids (narcotics).
b.all of the above.
c.located in the brain stem.
d.an infratentorial structure.
b.all of the above.
The orbicularis oris muscle
surrounds the mouth
The medulla oblongata descends as the
spinal cord
What is the name of the cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone?
tendon
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are referred to as the
brain stem
The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes form the
cerebrum
Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movements?
CN II
Which of the following is an event that occurs within the neuromuscular junction?
Binding of the acetylcholine to the cholinergic receptor on the muscle membrane
The corpus callosum:
connects the right and left hemispheres.
A tendon:
attaches muscle to bone
The orbicularis oculi:
encircles the lips
Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression?
CN VII
There are four major areas of the brain: the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and
cerebellum
Which muscles are located between the ribs and help move the rib cage during breathing?
intercostal muscles
Which of the following muscles is described as striated and involuntary?
cardiac
Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space?
cerebrospinal fluid
The cerebral spinal fluid
cushions the brain (Protection) , delivers nutrients to the brain, and removes wastes
What makes white matter “white”?
Myelin
Which of the following is true of the diencephalon?
Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
Acetylcholine is released from the neuron’s membrane in response to the
nerve impluse
The Achilles tendon attaches the soleus and which muscle to the calcaneus?
gastrocnemius
What is the fatty insulating material that surrounds the axons of the white matter nerve cells?
myelin
Which of the following statements is not true of the spinal cord?
It extends form the occipital bone to the third sacral vertebra
The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the:
Central and peripheral nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is considered a subdivision of the central nervous system.
false
Which of the following types of muscle is stimulated by the Somatic Nervous System?
skeletal muscle
Which of the following is most characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
rest and digest system
Stimulation of Alpha 1 receptors produce
vasoconstriction
Parkinson disease is treated by trying to get more dopamine into the brain
true
An adrenergic receptor is stimulated by
epinephrine
_____________are part of the peripheral nervous system and is stimulated by Acetylcholine.
somatic and the parasympathetic system
Alpha and beta receptors are
associated with the sympathetic nervous system
Norepinephrine and acetylcholine both belong to a group of compounds called catecholamines.
false
A beta1 receptor
increases heartrate
Which of the following is least related to the sympathetic nervous system?
cholinergic effect
The Synaptic area are compose by the pre-synaptic, post- synaptic and the synaptic gap
true
Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors stimulate the
lungs
Stimulation of Beta 1 receptors stimulate the
heart
Which group is incorrect?
Sympathetic responses: decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, anxiety
What term is used to describe the electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron?
Action potential
The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the:
peripheral and autonomic
Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, bronchodilation, diaphoresis, and pupillary dilation (mydriasis) are consequences of
activation of the adrenergic receptors.
A neurotransmitter that causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is called
adrenergic
Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes relaxation of the breathing passages (bronchodilation). Which of the following achieves this effect?
Beta2-adrenergic
The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the PNS to:
a.Glandular tissue (Example: Salivary glands)
b.All of the above
c.Smooth muscle
d.Cardiac muscle
all of the above
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response.
true
Muscarinic receptors are
activated by ACh
Which neurotransmitter is secreted by a cholinergic nerves?
acetylcholine
The somatic nervous system controls actions of:
skeletal muscles
Which layer of the heart allows it to act like a pump?
Myocardium
What is the name of the condition cause by a diet that is deficient in iron?
Anemia
Rapid breakdown of which blood cell causes jaundice?
Red blood cell
Erythropoietin:
a.All of the above are true.
b.stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs.
c.is secreted by the kidneys.
d.is released in response to hypoxemia.
All the above are true
which of the following causes granulocytopenia?
Mylenosuppression
Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary artery?
It carries occurs capillaries, where gas exchange works
Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?
Coronary arteries
Which of the following defines a nodal rhythm?
The electrical signal arises within the AV node
Which of the following terms refers to the circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs?
Pulmonary circulation
Which of the following receives oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium?
Left ventricle
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
pulmonary artery
The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the
right atrium
Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?
Right atrium
Hemolysis causes
hyperbilirubinemia
Which of the following structures receives unoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
Which of the following is an oxygen-carrying blood cell?
Erythrocyte
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell in the human body?
120 days
Bilirubin is a breakdown product of
red blood cells
Which is true of the semilunar valves?
They prevent the backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery into their respective ventricles.
An infection is most often accompanied by
leukocytosis
The aorta receives blood from the
left ventricle
Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid
At the end of 120 days, the red blood cell
is removed from the circulation and broken down
Infectious diseases can be transmitted through vectors.
True
Which of the following is a measure of the total number of cases of a disease in a population?
Prevalence
Which term refers to a collection of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular disease or condition?
Syndrome
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
True
Which color do Gram-positive bacteria appear under a microscope after the completion of the Gram staining procedure?
Blue/purple
What does a low incidence rate of a disease indicate?
Low risk of developing the disease in the population
What is the definition of disease according to the provided information?
Any deviation from normal function or structure of an organ or system
What are the modes of transmission for infectious diseases?
From human to human, from animal to human, from insect to human
What is the term for treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder?
Therapy
Signs are objective evidence of an illness.
False
What is the likely course of a disease called?
Prognosis
Signs are subjective evidence of an illness.
False
What is the study of a disease?
Pathology
Which mode of transmission involves disease transmission via an insect?
Vector
What is the study of viruses known as?
Virology
Naturopathy is a form of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM).
True
What is the objective evidence of an illness called?
Signs
Which disease terminology refers to a disease of short duration (Less than 3 months)
Acute
What is the population of microorganisms that normally grows (The good bacteria) on and within the human body called?
Normal Flora
Signs and symptoms are terms that can be used interchangeably.
False
What is the primary purpose of Gram staining in bacteriology?
To differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Which category of disease is characterized by invasion and multiplication of microorganisms?
Infection
Chronic diseases are characterized by severe symptoms but short duration (Less than 3 weeks).
False
Pain is an example of a sign.
False
Which of the following is an example of a sign?
Elevated blood pressure
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands and increases the absorption of salt?
Aldosterone
The duodenum receives the Chyme, Bile and Pancreatic Juice
True
RAAS pathway
Kidney (Renin) → Liver (Angiotensin I) → Lungs (Angiotensin II) → Adrenal gland (Aldosterone) → Kidney (reabsorb Na+)
Pancreatic Juice is alkaline basically by the presence of:
Bicarbonate
The pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.
True
In which part of the small intestine does most of the chemical digestion occur?
Duodenum
The Bilirubin causes emulsification of fats
False
The esophageal sphincter separates the stomach and the esophagus.
True
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Liver
The movement of digested food from the digestive system to the circulatory system is called:
Absorption
The bile is produced by the Gallbladder
False
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urethras, one bladder, and one ureter.
False
The Pancreatic Juice is basically composed by _____________
Water, Electrolytes, amylase, lipase, proteases and bicarbonate
The cortex of the kidney is the:
Outer part of the kidney
The kidney pyramids are
The triangular divisions of the medulla
Ureters are tubes connecting the kidney and the urinary bladder.
True
The upper gastro-intestinal tract is composed by the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum
False
The liver produces bile?
True
Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
Secretes cholecystokinin (CCK)
Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
True
The functions of the Aldosterone is to reabsorb____ through the ______
Na+. Kidneys
Is not a function of the kidneys
Produce white cells
This structure is located between the pylorus and the jejunum.
Duodenum
The function of the amylase is to digest:
Carbohydrates
The functional unit of the kidney is
Nephron
