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A&P-LVN > Final Prep 1-6 & 8 > Flashcards

Final Prep 1-6 & 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The Heart is an example of a
-Organism
-Organ
-Tissue
-System

A

Organ

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2
Q

In which abdominal region is the liver located?
a.Right hypochondriac
b.Right lumbar
c.Right Flank
d.Left hypochondriac
e.Right inguinal

A

Right Hypochondriac

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3
Q

Which abdominal region is the stomach located?
-Epigastrium
-Umbilical
-Left hypochondriac
-Right hypochondriac
-hypogastrium

A

Epigastrium

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4
Q

The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a ——- section
a. frontal
b. Coronal
c. sagittal
d. Transverse

A

Sagittal

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5
Q

The level of organization directly below the organ level is the _____ level.
a. system
b. tissue
c. cellular
d. chemical

A

Tissue

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6
Q

Which region is located superior to the hypogastrium?
a. right iliac
b. umbilical
c. right flank
d. hypogastric
e. epigastium

A

Umbilical

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7
Q

The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are separated by a muscle called the diaphragm.
True or false

A

False

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8
Q

Acids have
a. less h+ ions
b. ph less that 7
c. ph more than 7 and less H+ ions

A

pH less than 7

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9
Q

Bonds that usually dissociate (separate) in water to form electrolytes are _____ bonds.
a. ionic
b. covalent no polar
c. organic

A

Ionic

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10
Q

In which abdominal region the sigmoid colon is found?
- left iliac
-right iliac
-epigastrium
-right inguinal
-left lumbar

A

Left iliac

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11
Q

Which abdominal region houses the majority of the descending colon?
-epigastrium
-left flank
- left inguinal
-right inguinal
-right flank

A

Left flank

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12
Q

The human body tries to maintain hydration. This is an example of
-a sensor
-positive feedback loop
-an effector
-homeostasis

A

Homeostasis

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13
Q

1.The lower part of the ventral body cavity
2.Part of the dorsal cavity that contains the brain
3.Muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
4.Divides the body into right and left sides
5.Divides the body into front and rear parts-
6.Cavity that is subdivided into pleural cavities-
-
Abdominopelvic cavity
Cranial Cavity
Diaphragm
Sagittal plane
Frontal plane
Thoracic Cavity

A
  1. Abdominopelvic cavity
    2.Cranial Cavity
    3.Diaphragm
    4.Sagital plane
    5.Frontal plane
    6.Thoracic Cavity
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14
Q

The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a _____ section.
-midsagittal
-frontal
-transverse
-sagittal

A

Frontal

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15
Q

Which abdominal region is located lateral to the umbilical region?
-iliac
-hypochondriac
-epigastric
-lumbar

A

Lumbar

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16
Q

Alkaline have
-a ph more that 7
-a ph less than 7
-more H+ ions and ph more than 7

A

pH more than 7

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17
Q

Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?
-Anatomy
-Physiology
-Pathology
-Dissection

A

Physiology

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18
Q

Cells:
a. are more complex than tissues
b. are the first level of organization in the body
c. are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body

A

C. Are the smallest living units of structure and function in the body

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19
Q

The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are:
a.cell - organelle → organ - tissue - system
b.organelle → cell - tissue - organ - system
c.tissue - cell -organelle →organ -system
d.tissue - cell - organ - organelle →system

A

b.organelle → cell - tissue - organ - system

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20
Q

The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is called
-the sensor
-homeostasis
-the control center
-the effector

A

The sensor

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21
Q

Which abdominal region is located below the umbilical region?

A

Hypogastric

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22
Q

Which term means toward the head?

A

Superior

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23
Q

A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a

A

tissue

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24
Q

A coronal plane or section is another term for a _____ plane

A

Frontal

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25
Q

In which abdominal region is the spleen located?

A

left hypogastric

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26
Q

Which of the options describes below correspond to a function of the Osteoclasts
-Builds bone
-secretes synovial fluid into joints
-raises blood calcium levels
-regulates the production of blood cells

A

Raises calcium levels

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27
Q

Which of the following bones
is not located in the lower limbs?
-tarsal
-tibia
-ulna
-femur

A

Ulna

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28
Q

Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant?

A

Keratin

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29
Q

Which structure refers to the shaft of a long bone?

A

Diaphysis

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30
Q

The diaphysis is the…

A

shaft of the long bone

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31
Q

What is the outer lining of connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone ?

A

Periosteum

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32
Q

C1 to C7 refer to

A

vertebrae

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33
Q

What is the term that refers to the replacement of cartilage by bone?

A

Ossification

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34
Q

Fontanels are

A

areas found in the infant skull that are membranous

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35
Q

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal refer to…

A

vertebrae

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36
Q

Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?

A

The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells

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37
Q

Which word(s) best reflect(s) the function of the epiphyseal disc (Aka. Growth cartilage) ?

A

Longitudinal growth

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38
Q

Which of the following is true of the following terms: osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, and osseous tissue?

A

All refer to bone

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39
Q

The purpose of the right heart is to pump blood
a.into the aorta.
b.to the systemic circulation.
c.into the coronary arteries
d.to the lungs for oxygenation.

A

to the lungs for oxygenation

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40
Q

The __________ is synthesized (produced) by the skin and is necessary for calcium absorption from the digestive tract.

A

Vitamin D

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41
Q

Which of the following is not part of the thoracic cage?

A

Pelvic Bones

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42
Q

They hypodermis:

A

is also called the subcutaneous layer

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43
Q

Which bone is found in the skull but not in the cranium?

A

Mandible

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44
Q

What is the name of the “soft spots” in a baby’s skull?

A

Fontanels

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45
Q

Which of the following is located at the ends of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis

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46
Q

The occipital bone

A

Contains the foramen magnum

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47
Q

Which bone is found in the skull but is not a facial bone?

A

Occipital

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48
Q

Cancellous refers to a

A

Spongy bone

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49
Q

What is the result of the contraction of the arrector pili muscles?

A

goosebumps

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50
Q

The Haversian system (osteon) is

A

the functional unit of the bone

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51
Q

the zygomatic bone

A

is called the cheekbone

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52
Q

What is the function of the masseter muscle?

A

chew food

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53
Q

Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is also the chief breathing muscle?

A

diaphragm

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54
Q

Which of the following is not descriptive of the medulla oblongata?

A

cardiovascular respiratory center

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55
Q

The medulla oblongata is:
a.sensitive to the effects of opioids (narcotics).
b.all of the above.
c.located in the brain stem.
d.an infratentorial structure.

A

b.all of the above.

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56
Q

The orbicularis oris muscle

A

surrounds the mouth

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57
Q

The medulla oblongata descends as the

A

spinal cord

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58
Q

What is the name of the cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone?

A

tendon

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59
Q

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are referred to as the

A

brain stem

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60
Q

The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes form the

A

cerebrum

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61
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movements?

A

CN II

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62
Q

Which of the following is an event that occurs within the neuromuscular junction?

A

Binding of the acetylcholine to the cholinergic receptor on the muscle membrane

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63
Q

The corpus callosum:

A

connects the right and left hemispheres.

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64
Q

A tendon:

A

attaches muscle to bone

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65
Q

The orbicularis oculi:

A

encircles the lips

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66
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression?

A

CN VII

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67
Q

There are four major areas of the brain: the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and

A

cerebellum

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68
Q

Which muscles are located between the ribs and help move the rib cage during breathing?

A

intercostal muscles

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69
Q

Which of the following muscles is described as striated and involuntary?

A

cardiac

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70
Q

Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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71
Q

The cerebral spinal fluid

A

cushions the brain (Protection) , delivers nutrients to the brain, and removes wastes

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72
Q

What makes white matter “white”?

A

Myelin

73
Q

Which of the following is true of the diencephalon?

A

Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

74
Q

Acetylcholine is released from the neuron’s membrane in response to the

A

nerve impluse

75
Q

The Achilles tendon attaches the soleus and which muscle to the calcaneus?

A

gastrocnemius

76
Q

What is the fatty insulating material that surrounds the axons of the white matter nerve cells?

A

myelin

77
Q

Which of the following statements is not true of the spinal cord?

A

It extends form the occipital bone to the third sacral vertebra

78
Q

The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the:

A

Central and peripheral nervous system

79
Q

The autonomic nervous system is considered a subdivision of the central nervous system.

A

false

80
Q

Which of the following types of muscle is stimulated by the Somatic Nervous System?

A

skeletal muscle

81
Q

Which of the following is most characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

rest and digest system

82
Q

Stimulation of Alpha 1 receptors produce

A

vasoconstriction

83
Q

Parkinson disease is treated by trying to get more dopamine into the brain

A

true

84
Q

An adrenergic receptor is stimulated by

A

epinephrine

85
Q

_____________are part of the peripheral nervous system and is stimulated by Acetylcholine.

A

somatic and the parasympathetic system

86
Q

Alpha and beta receptors are

A

associated with the sympathetic nervous system

87
Q

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine both belong to a group of compounds called catecholamines.

A

false

88
Q

A beta1 receptor

A

increases heartrate

89
Q

Which of the following is least related to the sympathetic nervous system?

A

cholinergic effect

90
Q

The Synaptic area are compose by the pre-synaptic, post- synaptic and the synaptic gap

A

true

91
Q

Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors stimulate the

A

lungs

92
Q

Stimulation of Beta 1 receptors stimulate the

A

heart

93
Q

Which group is incorrect?

A

Sympathetic responses: decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, anxiety

94
Q

What term is used to describe the electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron?

A

Action potential

95
Q

The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the:

A

peripheral and autonomic

96
Q

Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, bronchodilation, diaphoresis, and pupillary dilation (mydriasis) are consequences of

A

activation of the adrenergic receptors.

97
Q

A neurotransmitter that causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is called

A

adrenergic

98
Q

Sympathetic nerve stimulation causes relaxation of the breathing passages (bronchodilation). Which of the following achieves this effect?

A

Beta2-adrenergic

99
Q

The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the PNS to:
a.Glandular tissue (Example: Salivary glands)
b.All of the above
c.Smooth muscle
d.Cardiac muscle

A

all of the above

100
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response.

A

true

101
Q

Muscarinic receptors are

A

activated by ACh

102
Q

Which neurotransmitter is secreted by a cholinergic nerves?

A

acetylcholine

103
Q

The somatic nervous system controls actions of:

A

skeletal muscles

104
Q

Which layer of the heart allows it to act like a pump?

A

Myocardium

105
Q

What is the name of the condition cause by a diet that is deficient in iron?

A

Anemia

106
Q

Rapid breakdown of which blood cell causes jaundice?

A

Red blood cell

107
Q

Erythropoietin:
a.All of the above are true.
b.stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs.
c.is secreted by the kidneys.
d.is released in response to hypoxemia.

A

All the above are true

108
Q

which of the following causes granulocytopenia?

A

Mylenosuppression

109
Q

Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

It carries occurs capillaries, where gas exchange works

110
Q

Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

A

Coronary arteries

111
Q

Which of the following defines a nodal rhythm?

A

The electrical signal arises within the AV node

112
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs?

A

Pulmonary circulation

113
Q

Which of the following receives oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary veins

114
Q

What is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium?

A

Left ventricle

115
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A

pulmonary artery

116
Q

The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the

A

right atrium

117
Q

Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?

A

Right atrium

118
Q

Hemolysis causes

A

hyperbilirubinemia

119
Q

Which of the following structures receives unoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

120
Q

Which of the following is an oxygen-carrying blood cell?

A

Erythrocyte

121
Q

What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell in the human body?

A

120 days

122
Q

Bilirubin is a breakdown product of

A

red blood cells

123
Q

Which is true of the semilunar valves?

A

They prevent the backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery into their respective ventricles.

124
Q

An infection is most often accompanied by

A

leukocytosis

125
Q

The aorta receives blood from the

A

left ventricle

126
Q

Blood flows from the right atrium through which atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid

127
Q

At the end of 120 days, the red blood cell

A

is removed from the circulation and broken down

128
Q

Infectious diseases can be transmitted through vectors.

A

True

129
Q

Which of the following is a measure of the total number of cases of a disease in a population?

A

Prevalence

130
Q

Which term refers to a collection of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular disease or condition?

A

Syndrome

131
Q

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

A

True

132
Q

Which color do Gram-positive bacteria appear under a microscope after the completion of the Gram staining procedure?

A

Blue/purple

133
Q

What does a low incidence rate of a disease indicate?

A

Low risk of developing the disease in the population

134
Q

What is the definition of disease according to the provided information?

A

Any deviation from normal function or structure of an organ or system

135
Q

What are the modes of transmission for infectious diseases?

A

From human to human, from animal to human, from insect to human

136
Q

What is the term for treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder?

A

Therapy

137
Q

Signs are objective evidence of an illness.

A

False

138
Q

What is the likely course of a disease called?

A

Prognosis

139
Q

Signs are subjective evidence of an illness.

A

False

140
Q

What is the study of a disease?

A

Pathology

141
Q

Which mode of transmission involves disease transmission via an insect?

A

Vector

142
Q

What is the study of viruses known as?

A

Virology

143
Q

Naturopathy is a form of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM).

A

True

144
Q

What is the objective evidence of an illness called?

A

Signs

145
Q

Which disease terminology refers to a disease of short duration (Less than 3 months)

A

Acute

146
Q

What is the population of microorganisms that normally grows (The good bacteria) on and within the human body called?

A

Normal Flora

147
Q

Signs and symptoms are terms that can be used interchangeably.

A

False

148
Q

What is the primary purpose of Gram staining in bacteriology?

A

To differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

149
Q

Which category of disease is characterized by invasion and multiplication of microorganisms?

A

Infection

150
Q

Chronic diseases are characterized by severe symptoms but short duration (Less than 3 weeks).

A

False

151
Q

Pain is an example of a sign.

A

False

152
Q

Which of the following is an example of a sign?

A

Elevated blood pressure

153
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands and increases the absorption of salt?

A

Aldosterone

154
Q

The duodenum receives the Chyme, Bile and Pancreatic Juice

A

True

155
Q

RAAS pathway

A

Kidney (Renin) → Liver (Angiotensin I) → Lungs (Angiotensin II) → Adrenal gland (Aldosterone) → Kidney (reabsorb Na+)

156
Q

Pancreatic Juice is alkaline basically by the presence of:

A

Bicarbonate

157
Q

The pancreas is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.

A

True

158
Q

In which part of the small intestine does most of the chemical digestion occur?

A

Duodenum

159
Q

The Bilirubin causes emulsification of fats

A

False

160
Q

The esophageal sphincter separates the stomach and the esophagus.

A

True

161
Q

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A

Liver

162
Q

The movement of digested food from the digestive system to the circulatory system is called:

A

Absorption

163
Q

The bile is produced by the Gallbladder

A

False

164
Q

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urethras, one bladder, and one ureter.

A

False

165
Q

The Pancreatic Juice is basically composed by _____________

A

Water, Electrolytes, amylase, lipase, proteases and bicarbonate

166
Q

The cortex of the kidney is the:

A

Outer part of the kidney

167
Q

The kidney pyramids are

A

The triangular divisions of the medulla

168
Q

Ureters are tubes connecting the kidney and the urinary bladder.

A

True

169
Q

The upper gastro-intestinal tract is composed by the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum

A

False

170
Q

The liver produces bile?

A

True

171
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A

Secretes cholecystokinin (CCK)

172
Q

Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

A

True

173
Q

The functions of the Aldosterone is to reabsorb____ through the ______

A

Na+. Kidneys

174
Q

Is not a function of the kidneys

A

Produce white cells

175
Q

This structure is located between the pylorus and the jejunum.

A

Duodenum

176
Q

The function of the amylase is to digest:

A

Carbohydrates

177
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is

A

Nephron

178
Q
A

A&P-LVN (6 decks)

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