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A&P-LVN > FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS > Flashcards

FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What color is a sign or jaundice?

A

Yellow

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does spermatozoid have?

A

23 Chromosomes

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3
Q

What are the layers of the muscles?

A

Most inner: Endomysium
Middle: Perimysium
Outer: Epimysium

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4
Q

Who produces amylase?

A

Pancreas and salivary gland

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5
Q

Pancreas - Endocrine & Exocrine

A

Pancreas :
-Exocrine: Secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
-Endocrine: It functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatonstatin and pancreatic polypeptide

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6
Q

What are immunoglobins?

A

Antibodies

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7
Q

Functions of immunoglobins?

A

“Markers of Destruction” Plasmatic cells, B cells

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8
Q

Main function of bile

A

EMUSIFICATION (digestion of fat with bile acid)

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9
Q

Who produce CCK?

A

Duodenum to secrete pancreatic juice and bile

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10
Q

What is Arterial Sclerosis?

A

Hardening of Arteries due to collagen

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11
Q

What is Atheroid Sclerosis?

A

Hardening of Vessels (aging process)

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12
Q

Is hydrogen Alkaline or Acid?

A

ACID

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13
Q

Opposite of hydrogen?

A

Bicarbinate

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14
Q

What is it called when there is bleeding of the upper GI tract?

A

MELINA

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15
Q

Rapid heart beat medical terminology

A

Tachycardia

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16
Q

What is palpation?

A

Feeling/symptom: tachycardia and bradycardia can both cause palpation

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17
Q

What is Bradypnea?

A

Slow breathing

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18
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone that decreases calcium in blood

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19
Q

Parathyroid

A

Increases calcium in blood/opposes calcitonin

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20
Q

What are cathecolamines?

A

Adrenaline/Noradrenaline, Epinephrine/norepinephrine. Secreted from the Adrenal gland (kidney) in the medulla

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21
Q

What is Dysuria?

A

Hard time urinating. Painful urination

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22
Q

Hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells

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23
Q

What part of the small intestine has the most chemical digestion?

A

Duodenum

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24
Q

What is the importance of Alpha Cells & Beta Cells in the Pancreatic Islets of Langerhands?

A

Alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels.
Beta cells produce the hormone insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels.

Human islets are made up of 30% alpha cells & 60% beta cells.

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25
Q

Cell Membrane = Passive, Active, Facilitate Diffusion examples

A

Passive: Gas Exchange
Active:
Facilitate diffusion: absorption

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26
Q

Target hormones:

A

GPITAL-F

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27
Q

Megaloblastic

A

Large cell

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28
Q

Nephrons

A

Located in the Cortex of the kidney

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29
Q

Kidney functions:

A

F-filtration
R-reabsorption
E-excretion
S-secretion
H-hormones
R-renin
E-erythropoietin
D-Vitamin D activation

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30
Q

Prolactin

A

Production of milk

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31
Q

Sclerosis meaning:

A

harden

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32
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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33
Q

What do leydig cells do?

A

Increase testosterone

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34
Q

Where is Aldosterone released?

A

Adrenal gland in the Cortex.

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35
Q

Another word for the Pituitary gland

A

Master Gland, Hypophasis

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36
Q

Where is the aqueous humor located?

A

Anterior and posterior chamber of the eye

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37
Q

How many cranial bones?

A

8 - 1 frontal bone, 1 Occipital bone, 2 parietal bones, 1 ethmoid bone, 2 temporal bones, 1 sphenoid bone

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38
Q

Where is the spinal fluid produced?

A

Choroid plexus

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39
Q

What is the membrane surrounding the brain?

A

Meningis

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40
Q

What bone is the cheek bone?

A

Zygomatic

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41
Q

Where is the cornea?

A

Anterior portion of the eye (sclera continuation)

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42
Q

What does the corpus luteum produce?

A

Progesterone

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43
Q

Outter portion of the kidney

A

Cortex

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44
Q

Division of Diencephalon?

A

The diencephalon is divided into:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus

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45
Q

Action of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?

A

Ovulation

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46
Q

What gland secretes Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

47
Q

What is the name of the end of the long bone?

A

epiphysis

48
Q

Eustachian tube connects…

A

the middle ear to the nasopharynx (the upper throat and the back of the nasal cavity).

49
Q

Medical terminology for gallbladder inflammation is

A

Cholecystisis

50
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotoid

51
Q

What structure moves blood from into the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary Veins

52
Q

Normal Lab Values:

A

blood pH: 7.35-7.45
Magnesium (Mg++) : 1.5-2.5
Calcium (Ca++) : 8.5-10.5
Chloride (CI-) : 95-104
Sodium (Na+) : 135-145
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 35-45
Potassium (K+) : 3.5-5.1
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) : 22-26

53
Q

White matter

A

Myelin

54
Q

Thyroid Gland releases what hormones?

A

T3, T4, Calcitonin

55
Q

Parathyroid Gland releases

A

PTH, opposes calcitonin

56
Q

Which side of the heart is oxygenated and deoxygenated?

A

Right side - Deoxygenated blood
Left side - Oxygenated blood

57
Q

What is the lining of the respiratory tract?

A

Mucous membranes serves as protection for the respiratory tract trapping bacteria from airwway, mucus helps delay invasion.

58
Q

Paranasal Sinuses (Sinuses)

A

Decreases the weight of the cranium

59
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephrons - Glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, Distal,

Collecting ducts- Medulla

60
Q

Respiratory muscles:

A

Diaphragm: Inspiration
Intercostal muscles: Expiration

61
Q

Renal Corpuscle:

A

blood filtering component of the nephron of the kidney. It consists of a glomerulus - a tuft of capillaries composed of endothelial cells, and a glomerular capsule known as Bowman’s capsule.

62
Q

GI functions:

A
  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
    -Absorption
    -Excretion
63
Q

Formula for blood pressure

A

B/P=Cardiac Output x Peripheral Resistance

64
Q

Formula for Cardiac Output

A

C/O=Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

65
Q

Who stores the bile?

A

Gall Bladder

66
Q

Can Hemoglobin be used as a buffer?

A

Yes,, substance prevents variations of pH

67
Q

Functions of the spinal fluid

A

Protection for the brain, nourishment and waste removal

68
Q

Liver function:

A

A-albumin
B-bile
C-coagulation
D-detoxification

69
Q

ABG’s ROME

A
70
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis means

A

pH is high

71
Q

Types of Muscle tissues

A

Cardiac
Smooth muscle - 1 nucleus
Striated - Multiple nucleus

72
Q

How many ribs

A

12 pairs
7 - true
3 - false
2 - floating

73
Q

What part of the heart has thicker walls?

A

Ventricles

74
Q

When is Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) released?

A

When you are thirsty?

75
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Total volume of inhale and exhale

76
Q

What is the name is the white part of the eye?

A

Sclera

77
Q

What is part of the respiratory tract?

A

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx

78
Q

What is part of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea, bronchi, lungs

79
Q

What is part of the upper GI tract?

A

Oropharynx to the duodenum

80
Q

Divisions of the nervous system

A

Central- Brain & spine
Peripheral- Voluntary(ACH)
Involuntary- Sympathetic(fight/flight) & parasympathetic(rest/digest)

81
Q

Kidneys: Renal pelvis drains into

A

ureters

82
Q

Which layer of the uterus is at risk of Fibroids/Leimyoma?

A

Myometrium

83
Q

What is the cervix at risk of?

A

Cervical Cancer, HPV, Human Papilloma Virus

84
Q

What are gonads?

A

Testicles , Ovaries

85
Q

Sex cells are also…

A

Gametes: Spermatozoid, Ovum

86
Q

Fertile age

A

15-44 years old

87
Q

Monarchy (First menstrual period)

A

12.7 years old

88
Q

Menopause

A

51.2 years old
55 years old (All females menopause)

89
Q

Last menstrual period

A

First day of bleeding

90
Q

Number of menstrual period

A

525 times

91
Q

How much blood loss during menstrual period?

A

50-70 mL

92
Q

Bleeding lasts

A

1-7 days

93
Q

How many ovums are in ovary?

A

40,000

94
Q

Proliferative Phase

A

FSH -> Ovary ->Estrogen ^ # of vessels

95
Q

what day is ovulation?

A

Day 14

96
Q

What day is highest of Estrogens?

A

Day 12

97
Q

The more estrogen…

A

The thicker Endometrium gets

98
Q

What happens in the first two weeks of ovulation?

A

First week:
-Proliferation
-Estrogens
-High # of vessles
Second week:
-Secretory
-Progesterone
-High deposit of glycogen

99
Q

Fertilization happens in the…

A

Fallopian tube
AMPULLA

100
Q

What is fertilization?

A

Fusion of Gametes
Fecundation
Conception

101
Q

Implantation happens on which day

A

Day 6

102
Q

The end of the ovary (finger like ends)

A

Fimbrae

103
Q

Sections of the uterus:

A

3 layers:
-Inner:Endometrium
-Middle:Myometrium
-Outer:Perimetrium
3 regions:
-Fundus (top)
-Body (middle)
-Cervix (neck of uterus)

104
Q

Adnexa

A

(Adnexitis)

105
Q

Fallopian Tubes risk

A

Salpingitis

106
Q

Ovaries risk

A

Oophroritis

107
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease risk

A

Infertility

108
Q

Haploid is…

A

Spermatozoid/Ovum

109
Q

Diploid

A

Fertilized egg (Zygote)

110
Q

Zygote releases what hormone?

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone (hCG)

111
Q

What is semen made up of?

A

Sperm + Seminal Vesicle Fluid + Prostatic fluid

112
Q

Where does spermatid mature?

A

Epididymis

113
Q

LH what and controls what?

A

Luteinizing hormone controls the production of testosterone by Leydig cells. Leydig cells are endocrine cells located in the interstitium of the testis

A&P-LVN (6 decks)

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