Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro (Exam 3) > Olfactory/Gustatory Physio > Flashcards

Olfactory/Gustatory Physio Flashcards

1
Q

5 categories of tastants

A
  • Sour
  • Salty
  • Sweet
  • Bitter
  • Umami
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Umami is associated with…

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bitter is associated with…

A

Poisons/Coffee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tastants associated with Ca2+ triggered release of serotonin

A

Salty and Sour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tastants associated with Ca2+ triggered release of ATP

A

Sweet, Umami, Bitter (SUB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What receptor is crucial in the release of ATP?

A

TRPM 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 3 cortical areas make up the gustatory cortex?

A
  • Postcentral gyrus
  • Frontal operculum
  • Insula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which parts of the pathway are responsible for the discriminative aspects of taste?

A

VPM and Gustatory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which parts of the pathway integrate visual, somatosensory, olfaction and gustatory stimuli?

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Role of nucleus tractus solitarius

A

Receives afferents from CN VII, IX and X for taste, as well as other visceral info from CN X.

It also regulates medullary reflex arcs (swallowing, salivating, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of cells are olfactory cells?

A

Bipolar cells (very adaptable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of receptors are olfactory receptors?

A

GPCRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe how the olfactory system adapts to smells

A

As odorant stimulation persists, sensitivity of CNGC to cAMP decreases, thus reducing cation influx.

Can also be inactivated by receptor phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do odor receptors detect more smells than there are receptors?

A
  • Combos of different stimuli act like signatures

- Concentration of odorant affects perception of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Purpose of granular cells?

A
  • Local interneurons that release GABA to increase specificity of signal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Purpose of periglomerular cells?

A
  • Local interneurons that release GABA to increase specificity of signal
17
Q

What do mitral and tufted cells do?

A

Project back to the olfactory tract

18
Q

Where do olfactory neurons synapse and what do they do?

A
  • Synapse onto glomeruli

- Release Glutamate

19
Q

What does the olfactory cortex consist of?

A
  • Anterior olfactory nucleus
  • Olfactory tubercle
  • Piriform cortex
  • Ant. cortical amygdaloid nuclei
  • Periamygdaloid cortex
  • Lateral entorhinal cortex
20
Q

Where does the olfactory cortex project to?

A
  • Intrinsic projections w/in cortex
  • Back to olfactory bulb
  • Thalamus
  • Orbitofrontal cortex
  • Lateral hypothalamus
  • Hippocampus
21
Q

Role of anterior olfactory nucleus

A

Relay station to IL and CL cortices

22
Q

Where does anterior olfactory nucleus travel to?

A
  • CL olfactory bulb/olfactory cortex
  • IL olfactory bulb
  • Lateral hypothalamus
  • Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus
  • Insula/orbital cortex
23
Q

Piriform Cortex —

A

Lateral hypothalamus

- Controls appetite

24
Q

Piriform Cortex — … —

A

Piriform cortex - thalamus - medial orbitofrontal cortex

  • Integration of taste, sight, smell
  • Appreciation of flavor of food
25
Q

Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus

A

Emotional learning and olfactory fear conditioning

26
Q

Periamygdaloid cortex

A

Integration of emotional aspect elicited by odor

27
Q

Etorhinal cortex —

A

Hippocampus

- Memory formation

28
Q

Biggest difference b/w taste receptors and olfactory receptors?

A
  • Olfactory receptors are neurons with fixed Na+ gradient and shifting permeability
  • Taste receptors are epithelial cells with shifting Na+ gradient and fixed permeability
29
Q

What is required for perception of flavor?

A
  • Gustatory input from gustatory cortex
  • Olfactory input from olfactory cortex
  • Somatosensory info from mouth
  • All w/in medial orbitofrontal cortex
30
Q

Where does adult neurogenesis occur?

A

Olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus of hippocampus

31
Q

Main cause of reversible hyposmia?

A

Thickened mucus in nose d/t cold (this blocks odorants from entering)

32
Q

How/why does olfaction strongly influence memory?

A
  • Interconnectedness of temporal lobe w/ amygdala and hippocampus

Neuro (Exam 3) (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions