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Neuro (Exam 3) > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

General functions of cerebellum?

A
  • Coordinating movements
  • Maintaining posture
  • Nondiscriminatory sensory info
  • Motor learning
  • Procedural tasks
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2
Q

What characterizes lesions of the cerebellum?

A

Motor deficits (no paralysis though)

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3
Q

What are the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A
  • Dentate nucleus
  • Emboliform nucleus
  • Globose nucleus
  • Fastigial nucleus
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4
Q

Order of grey matter layers?

A

Pia - Molecular layer - Purkinje layer - Granular layer - White matter

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5
Q

Purkinje cells function and NT?

A
  • Provide output from cerebellar cortex
  • Inhibit cerebellar and vestibular nuclei
  • GABA
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6
Q

Granule cell function and NT?

A
  • Only excitatory neurons

- Glutamate

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7
Q

Stellate cells function?

A

Synapse with Purkinje cells and INHIBIT them

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8
Q

Golgi cell function and NT?

A
  • Inhibitory neurons

- GABA

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9
Q

Basket cells function and NT?

A
  • Synapse with Purkinje cells and INHIBIT them

- GABA

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10
Q

Which fibers are afferent fibers?

A

Mossy fibers and climbing fibers

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11
Q

Where do climbing fibers originate from?

A

Inferior olive (medulla)

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12
Q

Where do mossy fibers originate from?

A

Spinal cord, reticular formation, vestibular system and pontine nuclei

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13
Q

Purpose of climbing fibers?

A
  • Excitatory influence on Purkinje cells

- Convey info regarding movement errors to cerebellum

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14
Q

Purpose of mossy fibers?

A
  • Convey somatosensory, arousal, equilibrium and cerebral cortex motor info to cerebellum
  • Synapse with granulocytes
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15
Q

Where do mossy and climbing fibers sent axons to?

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

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16
Q

Functions of vestibulocerebellum

A
  • AKA flocculonodular lobe
  • Receives info from CN III and vestibular receptors
  • Sends output to vestibular nuclei
  • Influences eye movements and postural muscles of head and body
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17
Q

Functions of spinocerebellum

A
  • AKA vermis/paravermal region
  • Somatosensory info, internal feedback from spinal interneurons and sensorimotor cortex
  • Controls ongoing movement via brainstem descending tracts
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18
Q

Where are medial upper motor neurons housed?

A

Vermis

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19
Q

Where are lateral upper motor neurons housed?

A

Paravermal region

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20
Q

Where is the cerebrocerebellum located?

A

Lateral hemispheres of cerebellum

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21
Q

Functions of cerebrocerebellum

A
  • AKA pontocerebellum
  • Receives input from cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei
  • Coordination of voluntary movements, planning/timing of movements
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22
Q

Afferents entering cerebellum from vestibular system?

A
  • Enter vestibulocerebellum
  • Vestibular nuclei
  • CN VIII
23
Q

Afferents entering cerebellum from SC?

A
  • Enter spinocerebellum
  • Anterior spinocerebellar tract
  • Posterior spinocerebellar tract
  • Cuneocerebellar tract
24
Q

Afferents entering cerebellum from cerebral cortex?

A
  • Enter cerebrocerebellum
  • Cortico-pontocerebellar
  • Cortico-olivocerebellar
  • Cortico-reticulocerebellar
25
Q

Which tract is the only one to have climbing fibers?

A

Cortico-olivocerebellar

26
Q

Purpose and tract of posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A
  • Axons carry unconscious proprioception from LE
  • 1st order neurons enter via DRG and ascend in FG
  • Synapse @ nucleus dorsalis of Clark
  • 2nd order neurons ascend in dorsolateral funiculus
  • Enter cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle
27
Q

What spinal levels is dorsal nucleus of Clark @?

A

C8-L2

28
Q

Purpose and tract of cuneocerebellar tract?

A
  • Axons carry unconscious proprioception from UE
  • 1st order neurons enter via DRG and ascend in FC
  • Synapse @ accessory cuneate nucleus (lower medulla)
  • 2nd order neurons ascend to cerebellum
  • Enter cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle
29
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar tract… IL or CL?

A

IL

30
Q

Cuneocerebellar tract… IL or CL?

A

IL

31
Q

Anterior spinocerebellar tract… IL or CL?

A

Crosses 2x, but still IL

32
Q

Tract for info from frontal/parietal cortex?

A

To red nucleus - inferior olive (crosses midline) - inf. cerebellar peduncle - cerebellar cortex (deep nuclei)
OR to pontine nuclei (crosses midline) - middle cerebellar peduncle - cerebellar cortex (deep nuclei)

33
Q

Tract for info from SC?

A

SC - inf. cerebellar peduncle - deep nuclei

34
Q

Tract for info from vestibular nuclei?

A

SC - inf. cerebellar peduncle - deep nuclei

35
Q

Fibers @ sup. cerebellar peduncle?

A

Efferents from globose, emboliform and dentate nuclei

Afferents from Ant. Spinocerebellar tract

36
Q

Fibers @ mid. cerebellar peduncle?

A

Afferents from pontine nuclei - cortex

37
Q

Fibers @ inf. cerebellar peduncle?

A

Afferents from SC

38
Q

Function of vestibulocerebellum?

A

Eye movements and neck/trunk movements

39
Q

Function of spinocerebellum?

A

Axial/LE movements and gait/station

40
Q

Function of cerebrocerebellum?

A

Precise, coordinated movements of extremities

mainly UE

41
Q

Where does cerebrocerebellum send efferents through?

A

Dentate nucleus - Premotor cortex

42
Q

Where does spinocerebellum send efferents through?

A

Interposed/fastigial nucleus - motor cortex and brainstem

43
Q

Where does vestibulocerebellum send efferents through?

A

Vestibular nuclei - LMN in SC and brainstem

44
Q

How do cerebellar lesions affect body?

A
  • Unilateral lesions affect IL side

- Ataxia

45
Q

Describe ataxia

A

Voluntary, normal muscle strength, jerky/inaccurate movements not associated with hyper stiffness

  • Wide gait
  • Fall toward lesion
46
Q

Lesions of vestibulocerebellum?

A
  • Nystagmus
  • Truncal ataxia (difficulty maintaining sitting/standing balance)
  • Truncal instability (titubation… can’t tandem walk)
47
Q

Lesions of spinocerebellum?

A
  • Gait and truncal ataxia (wide/staggering base)
48
Q

Midline ataxia

A
  • D/t vestibulocerebellar and spinocerebellar disease
  • Truncal instability (titubation/gait ataxia)
  • Equilibratory ataxiasq
49
Q

Lesions of cerebrocerebellum?

A
  • Dysarthria
  • Ataxic gait
  • Decomposition of movements
50
Q

Describe limb ataxia manifestations

A
  • Dysdiadochokinesia (inability to rapidly alternate mvmts)
  • Dysmetria (inability to accurately move intended distance
  • Action (intention) tremor during voluntary mvmt
51
Q

Appendicular ataxia

A
  • D/t dysfunction of cerebellar hemispheres
  • Ataxia of extremities
  • Ataxia of speech (scanning dysarthria)
  • Hypotonia
  • Dysmetria
  • Dysdiadochokinesia
52
Q

Cerebellar Ataxia

A
  • Romberg +
  • Cannot stand w/ feet together (w/ or w/o open eyes)
  • Normal vibratory/proprioceptive sense/ankle reflex
53
Q

Sensory Ataxia

A
  • Can stand with feet together (w/ open eyes)
  • Romberg + when eyes closed
  • Abnormal vibratory/proprioception and ankle reflexes

Neuro (Exam 3) (15 decks)

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