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Neuro (Exam 3) > Hypothalamus Physio > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Control System for core temperature

A
  1. Controlled variable (core temp) measured by
  2. Sensor (Thermoreceptor)
  3. Controller (Hypothalamus)
  4. Effector (Heat loss/production) which changes
  5. Controlled variable
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2
Q

Difference between feedback and feedforward systems?

A

Feedback systems respond to changes already occuring while feedforward systems make adjustments prior to changes occurring.

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3
Q

Where are thermoreceptors found?

A

Brain, viscera and skin

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4
Q

What two questions do thermoreceptors ask?

A
  • What is my current body temperature?

- What is the temperature around me?

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5
Q

Characteristics of cutaneous thermoreceptors?

A
  • Often bimodal (temperature and touch sensitive)
  • Warm/cold sensitive
  • Give info about environmental conditions
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6
Q

What type of thermoreceptors predominate in skin?

A

Cold sensitive

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7
Q

Purpose of thermoreceptors in viscera?

A

They sense more than core temperature, they give hypothalamus info about potential threats w/ ingested food

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8
Q

Where are thermoreceptors found in the hypothalamus?

A

Pre-optic and supraoptic regions

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9
Q

What type of thermoreceptors predominate in the hypothalamus?

A

Warm sensitive

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10
Q

What can hypothalamus control via its connections?

A

Hormonal, autonomic, and behavioral changes (all part of thermoregulation)

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11
Q

What roles does the hypothalamus play as body temp. controller?

A
  • Determines the set point
  • Receives info about current temps
  • Decides what to do
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12
Q

What happens to set point with sleep? with exercise?

A
  • Decreases with sleep/increases with exercise
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13
Q

What part of the hypothalamus is responsible for generating responses to heat?

A

Anterior portion

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14
Q

What part of the hypothalamus is responsible for generating responses to cold?

A

Posterior portion

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15
Q

Mechanisms of heat production?

A
  • Autonomics
  • Endocrine
  • Muscular activity
  • Non-shivering thermogenesis
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16
Q

What do muscles do to increase heat production?

A
  • Shivering, which increases motoneuron excitation

- Increase voluntary activity

17
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for shivering?

A

Dorsomedial posterior hypothalamus

18
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for voluntary activity?

A

Cortex

19
Q

What aspects make up non-shivering thermogenesis?

A
  • Strong hormonal influence
  • Increase food intake - increases metabolic rate
  • Brown adipose tissue
20
Q

Effect of cold body temp on thyroxine?

A
  • Increases thyroxin - increases metabolic rate
21
Q

How does brown adipose tissue affect heat production?

A
  • Low efficiency ATP hydrolysis leads to more heat production
  • Brown fat is innervated by sympathetics
  • Critical in infants
22
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat between body and air

23
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat between body and another object (chair you sit on)

24
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of heat between body and walls

25
Q

How does blood flow affect body temp?

A

Increasing blood sent to skin - heat loss - flushing

26
Q

What is sweating controlled by?

A

Ach binding a muscarinic R (via sympathetic cholinergics)

27
Q

Describe general process of sweating?

A
  1. Filtration of serum, including ions

2. As fluid travels up to skin surface, water and Na+ are reabsorbed in the duct of gland back to blood

28
Q

Low sweat flow rate?

A
  • Sweat is concentrated
  • Little water (mostly reabsorbed)
  • High sodium (couldn’t follow water that was reabsorbed)
29
Q

High sweat flow rate?

A
  • Sweat is dilute
  • Lots of water (couldn’t be reabsorbed in time)
  • Little sodium (effect of Aldosterone)
30
Q

What is fever defined as?

A

Controlled increase in body temperature d/t set point being increased (orders from the hypothalamus)

31
Q

Pathway of fever

A
  • Secretion of endotoxins - stimulation of PGE 2 - increases hypothalamic set point for temp
32
Q

Why does shivering occur in fever?

A

Body is trying to generate heat

Neuro (Exam 3) (15 decks)

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