Olfaction and Taste

Question 1

odorants detected by

Answer 1

olfactory epithelium in nasal cavity

Question 2

how is the olf ephithelium enlarged

Answer 2

turbinates

Question 3

_____ dissolve in the _____ possibly in association with an ________ and interact with specific receptors on the ______

Answer 3

odorants, mucus film, odorant binding protein , olfactory cilia

Question 4

renewal of olfactory cells

Answer 4

60 days, basal cells

Question 5

transduction in

Answer 5

olfactory cilia

Question 6

transduction cascade olfaction

Answer 6

receptor molecule –> Golf –> adenylyl cyclase –> cAMP –> cation channels –> inward receptor current

Question 7

ca 2+ acting via

Answer 7

calmodulin –> olfactory adaptation

Question 8

extrusion of Ca

Answer 8

sodium-calcium exchange , Ca-ATPase in some species

Question 9

prolonged odour stimuli evoke

Answer 9

receptor current oscillations

Question 10

olfactory receptor cells distributed in

Answer 10

four broad zones

Question 11

odorant binding site

Answer 11

hypervariable residues in membrane spans 3,4,5

Question 12

a small subset of _____ GC-D receptor neurons have recently been suggesed to use ______ as a second messenger instead of cAMP via a ______

Answer 12

GC-D receptor neurons
cGMP
receptor guanylyl cyclase

Question 13

Microvillar __________ are believed to activate to produce

Answer 13

vomeronasal receptors

phospholopase C , IP3

Question 14

olfactory receptor axons pass through the _______ to the _______

Answer 14

cribriform plate , olfactory bulb

Question 15

what do receptors excite in the olfactory glomeruli

Answer 15

mitral cells turted cells

Question 16

dendron-dendritic synapses made by

Answer 16

periglomerular cells and granule cells

Question 17

mitral cell axons leave the bulb in the

Answer 17

lateral olfactory tract

Question 18

the ________ inhibits the contralateral bulb via the _________

Answer 18

anterior olfactory nucleus

anterior commissure

Question 19

lateral olfactory tract synapsing with

Answer 19

anterior olfactory nucleus

olfactory tubercle

Question 20

the olfactory tubercle projects to

Answer 20

the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus which projects to orbitofrontal Cortex

Question 21

the ________ projects to other olfactory regions

Answer 21

pyriform cortex

Question 22

affective component of odor perception

Answer 22

amygdala and entorhinal cortex ( part of the limbic system )

Question 23

cells higher levels olfactio n

Answer 23

odour specific

Question 24

blind ended tube within nasal cavity of some species

Answer 24

vomeronasal organ

Question 25

can discrimintate bet m and f pheromones

Answer 25

vomeronasal receptors

Question 26

vomeronasal receptors

Answer 26

project via accessory olfactory bulb to amygdala

Question 27

pheromones involved in mediating the

Answer 27

sexual and socal behaviour in some species

Question 28

receptors in humans that may detect volatile amines in sweat

Answer 28

Trace Amine Associated Receptors

Question 29

three types of papillaw

Answer 29

circumvallate, foliate, fungiform papillae

Question 30

afferent fibres taste project to

Answer 30

chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves

Question 31

taste buds in the epiglottis project via the

Answer 31

superior laryngeal nerve

Question 32

umami, sweet responses

Answer 32

heterodimeric receptors with g-protein

Question 33

bitter receptor

Answer 33

30 T2R

Question 34

taste transduction

Answer 34

IP3--> ca2--> TRP5< cation channel

Question 35

sour

Answer 35

acidification

Question 36

transmitter release taste

Answer 36

gap junction hemichannels

Question 37

salt transduction

Answer 37

epithelial sodium leak channel

Question 38

hot peppers

Answer 38

capsaicin receptor TRPV1

Question 39

mint

Answer 39

menthol receptor TRPM8

Question 40

cranial nerves taste

Answer 40

VII, IX X synapse in solitary nuclear complex of medulla within gustatory nucleus

Question 41

primate projection uncrossed pathway

Answer 41

ventral posterior medial nuclues of the thalamus gustatory neocortex in the anterior insula and frontal operculum

Question 42

secondary taste area

Answer 42

orbitofrontal cortex ( pleasantness discharge ) amygdala ( affective component )

Question 43

projefctions modulating feeding behaviour

Answer 43

lateral hypothalamus

Question 44

rodents thalamocortical pathway pontine relay

Answer 44

in the parabrachial nucleus