Older People

Question 1

What are Programmed Theories of Aging?

Answer 1

That the human body is designed to age and there is a certain biological timeline that bodies follow. All of these theories share the idea that aging is natural and “programmed” into the body.

Question 2

What is theory is the idea that aging is caused by certain genes switching on and off over time called?

Answer 2

Programmed longevity theory

Question 3

What is the endocrine theory ?

Answer 3

The idea that regular changes in hormones control aging.

Question 4

The Immunological theory states that the immune system is programmed to decline over time, ________________________ (finish the sentence)

Answer 4

…..leaving people more susceptible to diseases.

Question 5

What are Error Theories of Aging?

Answer 5

That aging is caused by environmental damage to the body’s systems, which accumulates over time.​

Question 6

Explain wear and tear theory

Answer 6

Cells and tissues simply wear out

Question 7

Rate of living theory is the idea that the faster an organism uses oxygen, the longer it lives.
True or False?

Answer 7

False

Rate of living theory is the idea that the faster an organism uses oxygen, the SHORTER it lives.

Question 8

Cross-linking theory states that cross-linked proteins accumulate and ______ _______ the body’s processes.

Answer 8

Slow down

Question 9

Free radicals theory asserts that free radicals in the environment cause damage to cells, which eventually impairs their function.
True or False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is the idea of the Somatic DNA damage theory?

Answer 10

That genetic mutations cause cells to malfunction.

Question 11

Name 1 of the 4 key concepts key concepts in genetics and aging

Answer 11

Longevity genes are specific genes that help a person live longer.

Cell senescence is the process by which cells deteriorate over time.

Telomeres are structures on the end of DNA that eventually are depleted, resulting in cells ceasing to replicate.

Stem cells are cells that can become any type of cell in the body and hold promise to repair damage caused by aging.

Question 12

Older people can suffer from sarcopenia, what does this involved

Answer 12

Fat Free Mass – decreases by between 2-5% per decade

Mainly skeletal muscle

Also bone and water

Question 13

How can older people preserve/maintain muscle mass?

Answer 13

Eat enough protein combined with resistance training.

Question 14

What are the protein requirements for all people from WHO

Answer 14

0.8g/kg body weight

growing evidence from research that we need to adjust this to 1.0 to 1.30g/ kg body weight

Question 15

Between what ages does bone mineral density happen?

Answer 15

30yrs – 50yrs about 0.7-1%/yr up to

Increased rates in women post menopause – 2-3%/yr

Question 16

Factors affecting older persons nutrition/food choice

Answer 16

Family life/isolation
Disability
Health
Poverty
Psychological/emotional 
Physical activity/Functional ability
Taste 
Dentition

Question 17

What vitamin/mineral RDA’s decrease slightly over 51yrs?

Answer 17

Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin.
Iron (women because of menopause)

Question 18

One dietary supplement beneficial for older people is _________

Answer 18

Vitamin D

Question 19

Why should we encourage fluid intake for older people?

Answer 19

• To prevent constipation
• Maintain urinary volume
• Prevent dehydration

Question 20

Name some chronic disease states common in older people

Answer 20

Osteoporosis
Cancer
Diabetes
Hypertension
CVD
Cognitive decline
Dementia/Vascular/Alzheimers