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Certified Specialist of Spirits > Old World Spirits - Whisky/Whiskey > Flashcards

Old World Spirits - Whisky/Whiskey Flashcards

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1
Q

What oak component protects it from insects?

A

Tannins.

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2
Q

What is Vatted Whiskey?

A

Blend of single malt whiskies which have been distilled at different distilleries.

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3
Q

What is Peat?

A

Natural fuel formed when plant matter decomposes in water.

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4
Q

Are straight whiskeys blended?

A

No. They are bottled from batches of barrels produced at a single distillery.

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5
Q

What is Single Malt Whisky?

A

A whisky distilled at a single distillery from water and malted barley ONLY and by batch distillation in pot stills.

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6
Q

What is the minimum bottling proof for Canadian Whisky?

A

80 proof.

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7
Q

What is the minimum aging requirement for the following whiskies: Scotch, Irish, Straight Bourbon, Canadian:

A

Scotch: 3 years.
Irish: No minimum aging requirement.
Straight Bourbon: 2 years.
Canadian: 3 years.

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8
Q

What four processes happen during barrel maturation?

A

Extraction, evaporation, oxidation, concentration.

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9
Q

What are the 4 primary cereal grains used to make Whiskey?

A

Corn, rye, wheat, barley.

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10
Q

What are Small Grains?

A

Any and all grains, other than corn, that are used in any American whiskey recipe.

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11
Q

What is a Pot Still Whiskey?

A

Whiskey made of 100% barley, mixed malted and unmalted and distilled in a pot still (Irish Whisky only).

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12
Q

What are 4 reasons Old World Maturation takes longer than New World Maturation?

A
  1. Cooler climate than North America.
  2. Warehouses are usually one story and made from stone which minimizes effects of external temperature flucations.
  3. Casks are stored stacked on top of each other in cool, damp environment with little air circulation.
  4. Maturation is primarily conducted in used barrels.
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13
Q

What are Foreshots?

A

In Old World, these are the first alcohols to vaporize during the distillation process.

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14
Q

What is Sour Mash?

A

Measure of liquid called backset that is a by-product of the first distillation of a previous batch of whiskey.

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15
Q

What are the 5 different types of Scotch Whisky?

A
  1. Single Malt
  2. Single Grain
  3. Grain
  4. Vatted
  5. Blended
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16
Q

What does “Bottled in Bond” mean on a bottle of Bourbon?

A

Bourbon produced at one distillery during one distilling season, aged a minimum of 4 years and bottled at 100 proof.

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17
Q

What is global definition of Whiskey?

A

Spirit obtained from fermented mash of grain.
Distilled at less than 190 proof.
Stored in oak containers.
Bottled at no less than 80 proof.

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18
Q

What country is noted for Pure Pot Still Whiskey and what is it?

A

Irish Whisky. Produced from all malted and unmalted barley with no other grains allowed. Pot distilled.

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19
Q

What is difference between Mash Cooker and Mash Tun?

A

When converting starch into fermentable sugars, cereal grains are processed what hot water in a vessel called a Mash Cooker (America) and a Mash Tun (Europe).

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20
Q

What is Sweet Mash?

A

Mash that is fermented using fresh yeast only without the addition or help of any backset from a previous distillation.

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21
Q

When does alcohol boil?

A

173 degrees F.

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22
Q

What is a Single Grain Whiskey?

A

A whiskey distilled at a single distillery from water and malted barley with or without whole grains of other malted and unmalted cereals and does not comply with the definition of Single Malt Whiskey.

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23
Q

What is “uisge beatha?”

A

Celtic for “the water of life.”

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24
Q

What additives may be used in Scotch Whisky preparation?

A

Water and caramel coloring.

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25
Q

What is Single Barrel or Single Cask Whiskey?

A

Whiskey bottled directly from the cask without the benefit of first being vatted or batched with other barrels.

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26
Q

What are the 7 Old World classifications of whiskey?

A
  1. Whiskey - follows global definition.
  2. Single Malt
  3. Single Grain
  4. Pot Still - Irish only.
  5. Grain - primarily wheat or corn in continuous still.
  6. Blended - whiskey from different distilleries.
  7. Vatted - blend of single malt whiskies from more than one distillery.
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27
Q

What are the 2 classifications of Japanese Whisky?

A
  1. Single Malt

2. Blended

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28
Q

When was the US Prohibition?

A

1920 to 1933.

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29
Q

What is a mashbill.

A

Distillers grain recipe.

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30
Q

What is the minimum bottling proof for Scotch?

A

80 proof.

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31
Q

What are the differences between Bourbon and Tennesse Whiskey?

A

Bourbon doesn’t permit caramel coloring and requires a minimum 51% corn in mashbill.

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32
Q

What are “Feints?”

A

Old World term for the heavier alcohols (Fuel Oils) that vaporize in the later stages of distillation. These are called “tails” in the New World.

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33
Q

What are the 5 different classifications of Irish Whisky?

A
  1. Single Malt
  2. Single Grain
  3. Pure Pot Still
  4. Grain
  5. Blended
34
Q

What is the minimum Mash Bill for Corn Whiskey in the US?

A

80% corn.

35
Q

What is “Distillers Beer?”

A

The New World term for the fermented wort or mash.

36
Q

What are the 6 areas of whiskey flavor?

A
  1. Grain
  2. Sweet Aromatics
  3. Fruit
  4. Spice
  5. Wood
  6. Peat Reek/Malt effect
37
Q

What are the five classifications of Scotch Whisky?

A
  1. Single Malt
  2. Single Grain
  3. Grain
  4. Vatted
  5. Blended
38
Q

What are the 3 primary components of oak?

A

Tannin, lignin and hemi-cellulose.

39
Q

What is the only spirit that by definition must be crafted from grain exclusively?

A

Whiskey.

40
Q

What are the five primary whiskey families?

A

American, Canadian, Scotch, Irish and Japanese.

41
Q

What are the TTB’s 5 criteria for a bourbon?

A
  1. Whiskey produced from fermented mash of not less than 51% corn.
  2. Distilled at less than 160 proof.
  3. Stored at no more than 125 proof in charred new oak containers.
  4. Bottled at no less than 80 proof with nothing but water added.
  5. Product of USA.
42
Q

What are the 7 criteria for Canadian Whisky, Canadian Rye Whisky or Rye Whisky?

A
  1. Potable distillate or mixture thereof obtained from mash of cereal grains/products.
  2. Fermented by action of yeast.
  3. Aged in small wood for no less than 3 years.
  4. Possess attributes of Canadian Whisky.
  5. Be mashed, distilled and aged in Canada.
  6. Bottled at no less than 80 proof.
  7. May contain caramel caramel and flavoring.
43
Q

What are the 2 criteria for Irish Whiskey?

A
  1. Must be made from a mash of cereal grains in Ireland.
  2. Pot Still Whiskey must be distilled solely in pot stills from mash of cereal grains grown in Ireland saccharified by the diastase of malted barley.
44
Q

What are the 6 criteria for Scotch?

A
  1. Must be distilled at a Scottish distillery from water and malted barley to which only other whole grains may be added.
  2. Fermented only by the addition of yeast.
  3. Must be distilled to an alcoholic strength of less than 94.8% ABV.
  4. Must be matured in Scotland in oak casks for no less than 3 years.
  5. Must not contain any added substances other than water and caramel coloring.
  6. Must be no less than 80 proof.
45
Q

What are the two distinct types or families of Whiskey flavor?

A

Old World (Celtic) and New World.

46
Q

What are the differences in the flavor profile of New World vs. Old World Whiskey?

A

Old World has a malt centered flavor while New World showcases the impact of barrel maturation.

47
Q

What are the 3 flavor profiles of whiskey?

A
  1. Light and Gentle
  2. Flavorful and Spicy
  3. Full-Bodied
48
Q

What are the 6 areas of Whiskey Flavor?

A
  1. Grain
  2. Sweet Aromatics
  3. Fruit
  4. Spice
  5. Wood
  6. Peat Reak/Malt effect notes
49
Q

Whiskey is produced in approximately what percentage of the world’s nations?

A

10%

50
Q

How many distilleries do the following countries have:

Scotland
USA
Canada
Japan
Ireland
A 
Scotland - over 100
USA - 15
Canada - 14
Japan - 11
Ireland - 3
51
Q

What are the 5 sources of whiskey flavor?

A
  1. Grain recipe
  2. Water
  3. Fermentation process
  4. Distillation process
  5. Maturation process
52
Q

What single grain is in the recipe for all Single Malt whiskies?

A

Barley

53
Q

Which grain source is the only one to be regularly malted?

A

Barley

54
Q

What is the name of the enzyme activated during germination?

A

Amylase which converts starch to sugar (maltose).

55
Q

For many Old World whiskey styles, what is the fuel used to generate the heat used in the malt drying process?

A

Peat

56
Q

What is the primary requirement of the water used in whiskey production?

A

It must be iron-free.

57
Q

In the production of Old World whiskies, what is the liquid drained off after the washing process?

A

Wort or Mash

58
Q

What is the thick liquid in New World whiskey production that contains ground grain particles and allowed to remain with the water and converted sugars?

A

Cook or Mash

59
Q

What is the range of alcohol range of mash or wort?

A

9 to 14%

60
Q

What do Old World distillers call the fermented wort or mash? New World?

A

Old World calls it “wash” and New World calls it “Distiller’s Beer.”

61
Q

What is the initial distillate known as?

A

Low wine

62
Q

What is the second distillate knowns as?

A

High wine or new make spirit.

63
Q

In the USA, while bourbon has no age requirement, a “straight bourbon” needs to be aged for a minimum of?

A

2 years

64
Q

What is “cask strength” or “barrel proof product?”

A

Whiskies bottled without the addition of water.

65
Q

Are “straight whiskies” and “single matl whiskies” blended?

A

No

66
Q

How many Scottish distilleries produce grain whisky only?

A

7

67
Q

What are the 9 classifications of New World Whiskey?

A
  1. Whiskey
  2. Canadian
  3. Bourbon
  4. Rye
  5. Corn
  6. Wheat
  7. Blended
  8. Light
  9. Spirit
68
Q

What is the one difference that sets Tennessee whiskies part?

A

Additional step of charcoal-mellowing.

69
Q

What is the classic method of producing Canadian whisky?

A

Blend component whiskies with grain whiskey and to add non-whiskey based blender.

70
Q

What are the four components for Canadian whisky?

A
  1. Flavor - full-flavored component whisky crafted like a rie or bourbon whisky and aged in new charred oak barrels.
  2. Grain - a light bodied component whisky that’s column distilled.
  3. Blended - a blend of component whiskies predominantly made of grain whisky.
  4. Single Malt - a whisky distilled from a single distillery from water and malted barley without addition of other cereals by by batch distillation in pot stills.
71
Q

What is Rye Whiskey?

A

A whiskey crafted to same standards as bourbon with the exception that the predominant grain must be rye, not corn.

72
Q

What is Rye Malt?

A

Rye whiskey made from 100% rye.

73
Q

What is Rye Mash?

A

Rye whiskey aged in used barrels.

74
Q

What are the requirements of Corn Whiskey?

A
  1. Must be at least 80% corn.
  2. Must be distilled at no higher than 160 proof.
  3. If stored in oak, must not be stored at higher than 125 proof in used or uncharred new oak containers and not subjected to treatment with charred wood.
75
Q

Straight rye, corn and wheat bourbons share what characteristics?

A

All must follow the same requirements of straight bourbon and aged for at least two years in new, charred oak barrels.

76
Q

What is Light Whiskey?

A

A lighter whiskey distilled at a much higher proof (161 to 189 proof) and aged in used or uncharred new oak barrels.

77
Q

Christian missionaries moved through which countries and when with distillation knowledge?

A

Ireland and Scotland during the 5th and 6th centuries.

78
Q

In what year was the first written proof of whisky production in Scotland recorded?

A

1494

79
Q

In what year and who created the continuous distillation process?

A

1831 by Aeneas Coffey.

80
Q

Who introduced blending whiskey from continuous stills to whiskey from pot stills and when?

A

Andrew Usher in 1853.

81
Q

What are the 3 presentations styles of Whiskey?

A

LAS FAS FULL

  1. Light and Gentle
  2. Flavorful and Spicy
  3. Full-bodied

Certified Specialist of Spirits (9 decks)

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