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PSYC 2 > Old stuff > Flashcards

Old stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is clinical psychology?

A

the science of human behavior applied to real-world concerns with mental health and well being

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2
Q

What is conformation bias

A

look for things that support your initial opioni

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3
Q

What are the 3 key features of a good theory?

A
  • integrates knowledge
  • generates novel predictions
  • predictions are open to being disproved
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4
Q

assessment is a process of ____ _____

A

hypothesis testing

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5
Q

What 3 psychometric characteristics determine the quality of an assessment tool?

A

Reliability: the degree to which a measure is consistent

Validity: the degree to which a test measures what it is designed to measure

Standardization: application of standards to ensure consistency of measurement

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6
Q

What are limitations of a clinical interview

A
  • resistance from the client
  • selective info provided by the client
  • can be subjectiveq
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7
Q

Pros and cons of single subject design

A

Pro:
- intensive assessment and high internal validity

Cons:
- limited generalizability

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8
Q

Define - inter-rater reliability

A

reliability btwn 2 clincians

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9
Q

Define - test-rest reliability

A

consistent results when administer the same test twice to same person

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10
Q

Define - internal relibility

A

different parts of the test give similar results

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11
Q

Define - alternate form reliability

A

2 versions of the test give similar results

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12
Q

What are the 5 validities

A
  1. Face validity = measure what its supposed to
  2. Content validity = covers breadth of symptoms
  3. Predictive validity = test predicts the behavior it measure
  4. Concurrent validity = gives same results as similar measures of behavior, thoughts, emotion
  5. Construct validity = measures what its supposed to
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13
Q

What is anxiety?

A
  • future-oriented mood state characterized by marked negative affect
  • somatic symptoms of tension
  • apprehension about future danger or misfortune
  • behavioral inhibition system
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of an anxiety disorder?

A
  • maladaptive
  • pervasive, persistent anxiety/fear
  • excessive avoidance/escape tendencies
  • significant distress/impairment caused by symptoms and avoidance
  • avoidance perpetuates the disorder
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15
Q

What is Panic Disorder - DSM

A

A) unexpected panic attacks
B) one month or more of:
- concern about additional attacks or worry about consequences
- change in behavior related to attacks
C) panic not due to medical condition or drugs
D) distinction from other anxiety/mental disorders
E) Clinically sig distress

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16
Q

What is Agoraphobia - definition

A

A) fear/anxiety about 2+ of sits:
- public transpo
- open spaces
- closed spaces
- standing in line /crowd
- being outside of home alone
B) concerns about escape, obtaining help, or negative consequences
C) situations consistently provoke fear
D) avoidance

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17
Q

Describe GAD

A

A) excessive uncontrollable anxious apprehension and worry about life events in several areas
B) difficulty controlling worry
C) 3+ symptoms
- restlessnes, on edge
- easily fatigues
- difficulty concentrating
- irritability
- muscle tension
- sleep disturbances

18
Q

Specific Phobias

A

A) Marked fear of a phobic object
B) phobic object consistently evokes fear
C) Fear is out of proportion

19
Q

Describe SAD

A

A) marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the person is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Extreme, irrational fear/shyness in social and/or performance situations
- fear of embarrassment/humiliation

20
Q

Describe OCD

A
  • obsessions = intrusive, recurring thoughts
  • compulsions = repetitive behaviors or mental actions to reduce anxiety associated with thoughts
21
Q

What are the 3 types of Trauma and stress related disorders

A

PTSD = trauma > 1 month after
Acute stress disorder = trauma < 1 month after
Adjustment disorder = life stressor

22
Q

PTSD - DSM

A

A) exposure to a traumatic event
B) intrusion symptoms
C) avoidance
D) negative alterations in cognition/mood
E) increased arousal/reactivity

23
Q

Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions - DSM

A

*** Must have diagnosis of a medical condition
1. psychological factors influence course of disease
2. Psychological factor interferes with treatment
3. Psychological factor poses additional risk
4. Psychological factor influences pathology

24
Q

What part of the brain does chronic stress affect?

A

hippocampus

25
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder - DSM

A

A. 1+ somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption in daily life
B. excessive thoughts, feelings, behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated with health concerns as manifested by 1+ of v:
- disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one’s symptoms
-persistently high level of anxiety about health symptoms
- excessive time and energy devoted to those symptoms or health concerns
C) State of being symptomatic must persist more than 6+ mo

26
Q

What is dissociative disorder?

A
  • severe maladaptive disruptions or alterations of identity, memory, and consciousness that are experienced as being beyond one’s control
  • alters, switching
27
Q

What increases risk of substance disorder

A
  • genetics
  • genes related to neurotransmitters (GABA and dopamine
  • changes in dopamine transmission and reward system
  • personality
28
Q

Positive reinforcement

A
  • observer is likely to repeat a behavior
    get something good
29
Q

Negative reinforcement

A
  • make less likely to repeat behavior
  • give punishment like yell
30
Q

Positive punishment

A
  • decrease behavior
  • add a consequence
31
Q

APD - define

A
  1. A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, since age 15 as indicated by 3+ of the following
    - failure to conform to social norms concerning lawful behaviors
    - deceitfulness, repeated lying, uses of aliases, conning others for pleasure
    - impulsivity or failure to plan
    - irritability and aggressiveness
    - reckless disregard for the safety of others
    - lack of remorse
31
Q

essential everyone with ____ has ASPD but not everyone with ASPD has _______

A

essential everyone with __psychopathy__ has ASPD but not everyone with ASPD has __psychopathy_____

31
Q

What are the levels of depressotypic cognitions

A

Core beliefs/schema
->
intermediary beliefs/assumptions
->
Automatic thoughts

31
Q
A
31
Q

Define pedophilic disorder

A

a sustained focused and intense pattern of sexual arousal - as manifested by persistent sexual thoughts, fantasies, urges, or behaviors - involving pre-pubertal children

31
Q

Negative punishment

A
  • remove pleasant stimulus
  • decrease behavior
31
Q
A
31
Q
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32
Q
A
33
Q
A

PSYC 2 (10 decks)

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