Kids

Question 1

What are the 2 broad categories of childhood disorders?

Answer 1

Externalizing Problems
- disorders of under controlled behavior

Internalizing Problems
- disorders of overcontrolled behaviors

Question 2

Which mood disorder sits on the boarder of internalizing and externalizing disorders?

Answer 2

Disruptive mood disorder

Question 3

Define: ODD vs CD vs ASP

Answer 3

ODD: persistent pattern of defiant, disobedient, or hostile behavior
- diagnosed early in childhood 6-8

CD: serious violation of basic rights of others, social norms and rules
- adolescence 10-17

APD: Persistent pattern of exploiting, manipulating or violating the rights of others
- only diagnosed in adults 18+

Question 4

What is the neurobiology of aggression?

Answer 4

-Damage to the orbitofrontal and ventrolateral PFC and amygdala
serotonergic and noradrenergic abnormalities are associated with aggressive behaviors

Question 5

Describe the Genetic/Environmental contributions of ODD/CD

Answer 5

• heritable
• ASP parents more likely to have kids with CD
• parental substance abuse and psychopathology
• poor parenting and poverty
• insecure and disorganized attachment

Question 6

What does MAOA do and what do the associated neurotransmitters do?

Answer 6

MAOA gene produces enzymes that break down serotonin, Ne and dopamine

Serotonin = modulation of aggression
Ne = fight or flight response
Dopamine = pleasure

Question 7

What are the 4 components of ODD/CD Treatment?

Answer 7

1. Problem Solving Skills Training
   - address deficits in problem-solving skills, social perception, and social attributions
   - interpret ambiguous social situations as hostile
2. Pharmacological treatment
   - treat comorbid ADHD
   - antipsychotics
3. Parent Training
   - social learning causal model
   - behavioral techniques for reducing opposition/aggression
4. School- and Community-Based Treatment
   - People who most need parent training are not able to engage
   - COP, peer meditation, SNAP

Question 8

What are the 2 highlighted comorbidities of ADHD?

Answer 8

• ODD/CD
• Depression

Question 9

ADHD Etiology - Genetic Contributions

Answer 9

• genetic
• may involve difference sin chromosome 20
• Gene for the dopamine D4 receptor

Question 10

ADHD Etiology - Neurobiological contributoins

Answer 10

• inactivity of the frontal cortex and basal ganglia
  right hemisphere malfunction
• abnormal frontal lobe development and functioning

Question 11

How can psychosocial factors influence ADHD?

Answer 11

• negative feedback from teachers, parents, and peers
• peer rejection and resulting social isolation
• these factors foster low self-image
• comorbid depression

Question 12

Name the 3 issues in assessing and treating children and adolescents

Answer 12

• age specific variations in symptoms
• environmental influences and lack of autonomy
• need for comprehensive assessment (kids can’t articulate)