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PSYC 2 > Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of normal eating

A
  • going into meal hungry, eating until satisfied
  • overeating or undereating at times
  • giving some thought to nutrition but without missing out on enjoyable foods
  • giving yourself permission to eat sometimes bc you are happy, sad, bored
  • responding to and respecting humger
  • aim for enjoyment
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2
Q

Describe feature of disordered eating

A

Persistent thoughts:
- preoccupation over calories, grams, portions
- preoccupation over weight loss, or control of food

Negative emotions:
- guilt, shame, disgust are attached to food

Maladaptive behaviors:
- consistently eating for reasons other than hunger or true cravings

self-concept:
- believing one’s own identity and self-worth is based on size, weight, or what one eats

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2
Q

Describe Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • fear of obesity/drive for thinness
  • extreme dietary restriction/compensatory behaviors like purging/extreme exercise
  • fear of being obese
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2
Q

Describe - Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • fear of obesity/ drive for thinness
  • binge eating followed by purging
  • note the diff = binges and purging
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3
Q

Describe - Binge Eating Disorder

A
  • similar body image concerns to BN/AN
  • using food to self-soothe; anxiety, stress, weight concerns
  • binge eating without compensatory behavior -> can lead to obesity
  • use food as an emotion regulation method
  • binge but no purge
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3
Q

Note the table in the textbook about prevalence and genders

A
  • not just women affected
  • all
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4
Q

Are ED’s increasing over time?

A

Yes, the point of prevalence doubled btwn 2000 and 2018
- is it bc of social media, or is it bc we are more aware?

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5
Q

What age/gender has the highest incidence?

A

adolescent girls

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6
Q

Which mental disorder has the highest mortality rate?

A

Eating disorder have the highest mortality rate of all mental disorders
- 7.6% mortality rate
- 23% deaths were suicide

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7
Q

Over 10 years, what % of people with an ED will show improvements?

A

over 10 years, half with ED will show improvement

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8
Q

What is the DSM for Anorexia Nervosa

A

A. Restriction of energy intake leading to low body weight
- restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to significantly low body weight

B. Fear of gaining weight
- intense fear of gaining weight, becoming fat

C. Weight or shape concerns
- disturbances in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight

D. Specifiers
- Restricting type: during the last 3 months

*******go back andn finsih

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9
Q

Describe the criteria for Bulimia Nervosa ** back to leture

A
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10
Q

Describe the criteria for binge eating disorder ** fill in form lectire

A
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11
Q

Bulimia vs Anorexia

A

Body Image
BU: self-influenced by body wight and shape
AN: distorted perception of self and the hazards of extremely low weight

Personality Diatheses
BU: impulsivity
AN: strict control

Common comorbid mental disorders
BU: anxiety, MDD, Borderline PD. substance use, impulse control
AN: OCD, substance abuse/impulsivity with binge-purge type
Body weight
AN: maintains a significantly low weight

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12
Q

What comorbidities are common with ED’s

A
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • stress
  • low self-esteem
  • high need for control
  • inflexible thinking
  • difficulty managing emotions
  • beliefs of inadequacy
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13
Q

Name some of the medical complications of - Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • significantly low weight
  • amenorrhea
  • dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
  • bradycardia and arrhythmias
  • postural hypotension
  • hypothermia
  • dental problems
  • osterpenia
  • delayed gastric emptying
  • irritability
  • mortality
  • suicide
14
Q

What are medical complications of - Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • electrolyte imbalance
    -hypokalemia ( low blood potassium)
  • GI distress
  • delayed gastric emptying
  • menstrual irregularities
  • postural hypotension
  • esophageal tears/ruptures
  • arrhythmias
  • dental problems
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • parotids gland swelling
  • weight fluctuations
  • chronic renal failure
15
Q

Name some physical symptoms of eating disorders

A
  • sores around mouth: vomiting
  • calluses/scars on knuckles: inducing vomiting
  • lanugo hair: AN
  • dry, flaky skin
  • cold sensitivity
  • constipation
  • edema
  • stress fractures - related to bone loss
16
Q

What are some behavioral symptoms of eating disorders

A
  • meal skipping
  • eating then quickly going to bathroom
  • small portions
  • only nonfat foods
  • “vegetarianism”
  • frequent weighing
  • frequent dieting
  • time/energy cooking for others
17
Q

What are some cognitive symptoms of eating disorders

A

Core assumptions/schemas:
- personal worth = appearance and attractiveness
- femininity = beauty
- masculinity = muscular and ‘cut’
- perfectionism
- i must be thin/fit; can’t allow self to be overweight

personalization
- others focus on weight/appearance
- belief that others are focused on my weight

overgeneralization
- thin = control/self discipline
- being thing is a demonstration of how self disciplined you are

dichotomous thinking
- fat/thin = ugly/pretty = out of control/in control

superstitious thinking/misconceptions
- food fats are dangerous
- being thin/fit brings love and attention

18
Q

Describe body image disturbance

A
  • cognitive distortion – overestimate actual size
19
Q

describe the experiment about body image disturbance

A
  • asked to indicate on a demension their ideal body, what do they thing is attractive, where would they currently rank self
  • people with ED have way more spread
  • other attractive rating was what men would say was most attractive
20
Q

How did they use computers for an experiement about body distorted perception

A
  • took person and 3d scanned
  • adjusted the body weight
  • found that people with anorexia thought they were way bigger than they are
  • found that people with anorexia wanted a BMI than healthy
21
Q

Name a factor about ED that leads to distress

A
  • the distress over perceived discrepancy btwn what they think they look like vs what they want to look like
22
Q

Ethiology - Describe the cognitive behavioral model for AN

A

over evaluated belief about shape/weight lead to:

biased info processing
- interpret neutral events as relating to size/shape and self worth
- implications of body shape, weight, and maintaining control

leads to stereotypic eating and elimination
- dietary restriction, food avoidance
- negatively reinforced - removed aversive stimulus - self at higher weight

reinforce of weight control
- evidence of self-worth and self-control

23
Q

Describe the Binge-Purge-Cycle

A

drive for thinness vvv
- inadequate coping -> negative affect -> escape from self-awareness -> negative affect -> extreme dieting -> hunger

  • binge
  • guilt
  • purge
  • anxiety reduction
  • guilt/depression
  • inadequate coping -> negative affect -> escape from self-awareness -> negative affect -> extreme dieting -> hunger

*** negatively reinfoced - binged reinforce the negative affect and hunger bc goes away when binge, the purge is neg inforced bc takes away the fear about gaining weight

24
Q

There are 5 levels of treatment with varying intensity - describe

A

Level 1: Outpatient
- scheduled appointments with multi-disciplinary team: Medical provider, therapist, dietitian

Level 2: Intensive Outpatien
- 2-3 days per week outpatient treatment
- indiv, group, and nutrition therapy
- support meals

Level 3: Day program
- 5 days per week, 8 hours per day
- same techniques as level 2 but more intensive

Level 4: Residential
- residential hospital
- long-term care: 34 h a day treatment facility

Level 5: Hospital
- in-patient stay
- short-term crisis stabilization

25
Q

Describe CBT for EDs

A

Nutrition intervention:
- meal planning
- weekly goals
- hydration

Psychoeducation:
- food pyramid
- truth about purging

Cognitive restructuring
- examine the kinds of thinking errors

Body image intervention:
- no weighing or checking
- in vivo body exposure (look at body, evaluate, and experience the appraisals and evaluations then learn to cope)

In vivo food exposure (fear foods)
- or binge purge = eat then don’t let them purge/exercise

Exposure with response prevention

Relapse in prevention

26
Q
A

PSYC 2 (10 decks)

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