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PSYC 2 > Gender/ Sexual Function > Flashcards

Gender/ Sexual Function Flashcards

1
Q

Define Sex

A

A set of biological attributes, primarily associated with physical and psychological features including sex chromosomes, gene expression, hormone levels and function, and reproductive/sexual anatomy

Usually categorized as male or female, but there is variation in biological attributes

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2
Q

What is gender

A

Gender = socially constructed roles, behaviors, expressions and identities. It influences how people perceive themselves and each other

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3
Q

Define - Gender Identitiy

A

Gender identity: sense of self as a women/girl, man/boy, both, neither

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4
Q

Define - Gender expression

A

Gender expression: How a person publicly communicates their gender identity through behavior, appearance, chosen name, pronouns

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5
Q

Define -Gender Roles

A

Gender Roles: characteristics that a culture associates with femininity, masculinity, both, neither

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6
Q

What is gender/sex

A

Gender/sex refers to a mix of gender and sex (socialization and sex) when neither are meant to be solely evoked

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7
Q

What does lower sexual functioning affect?

A
  1. Intimate relationships
  2. Quality of life
  3. Mood
  4. Distress
  5. Associations with sexual trauma
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8
Q

Define - Sexual Response

A

Sexual Response: an emotional state triggered by interna/external sexual cues:

  • Physiological: pattern of physiological response distinct from global ANS activation; genital vasocongestion/engorgement
  • Emotions: positive, negative, and ambivalent effect
  • Cognition: attention to sexual cues; activation of sexual memory; perception and appraisal of sexual response; anticipation of sexual rewards
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9
Q

What are some of the key components of Toates’ Incentive motivation model?

A
  • excitatory stimuli
  • implicit/explicit cognitive affective processing
  • desire
  • arousal
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10
Q

What are some components of the circular sexual response cycle?

A
  • ***Rosemary Basson
  • notes that there are non sexual reasons for sex
  • non-sexual rewards - emotional intimacy well being, lack of negative effects from sexual avoidance
  • multiple reasons/incentives for instigating or agreeing to sex
  • willingness to find/be receptive
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11
Q

Describe some factors that affect LGBTQ+ mental health

A
  • minority stress model
  • stigma, prejudice, and discrimination create a hostile and stressful social environment that causes mental health problems
    = increased exposure to traumatic and stressful events
    = expectations and vigilance for stressful events
    = internalization of negative social attitudes
    = fear of persecutions
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12
Q

What is gender dysphoria

A

Gender dysphoria
- birth-assigned sex and gender does not reflect a person’s gender identity
- person experiences distress

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13
Q

“Treatment” for gender dysphoira

A
  • Focus on counseling and support client
  • Goal is to counsel on ways to resolve gender dysphoria
  • Hormone therapies and affirming medical procedure are associated with positive outcomes
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14
Q

What is Reparative therapy?

A

Reparative therapy = therapy that focuses on accepting birth-assigned sex and gender
***horrible

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15
Q

__________ _________ are disruptive to ___ _______ _______ _______

A

__sexual___ ___dysfunctions___ are disruptive to __the_ ___sexual____ ____response ___ ___cycle____

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16
Q

What is the 3Ps

A

The 3 Ps model is for sexual dysfunctions
- predisposing factors
- precipitating factors
- perpetuating factors

17
Q

Describe - Predisposing Factors - of the 3Ps

A

Predisposing Factors
- early sexual experiences
- lack of education about sexuality and sexual health
- childhood SA
- Parental environmental/influence
- Health related behaviors like smoking
- History of sexual violence

18
Q

Describe - Precipitating/Associated Factors - of the 3Ps

A
  • relationship distress
  • major life changes like parenthood
  • peri/menopause
  • surgery or physical illness
  • medications like SSRIs
  • sexual violence
  • mental disorder
19
Q

Describe - Perpetuating Factors - of the 3Ps

A

Perpetuating factors
- lack of knowledge/myths
- Negative attitudes
- performance anxiety
- cognitive interference/distraction
psychological distress
- lifestyle factors
- poor communication
- relationship distress
- feminist perspectives: heteronormative sexual scripts

20
Q

What are the symptoms of - Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

A

Need 3/6 for 6+ months
1. Absent/reduced sexual interest
2. Absent/reduced sexual thoughts
3. No/reduced sexual initiation
4. Absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure
5. Absent/reduced sexual response
6. Absent/reduced sexual sensations

21
Q

what increases sexual concordance

A

mindfulness

22
Q

How is Mindfulness based cognitive therapy used for Sexual

A
  • Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for sexual interest/arousal disorder
  • Mindfulness-based skills target sexual connection to the body
  • STEP (sex education and therapy) addresses knowledge gaps and offers support
  • Improvements in sexual desire reduction in sexual distress for both
  • Examined changes in sexual concordance as a function of treatment (MBCT vs STEP) … MBCT was more effective
23
Q

What drugs are used to treat arousal/desire difficulties

A

PDE-5 inhibitors
- increase genital vasocongestion in cisgender women, but don’t affect subjective experience of arousal

24
Q

How was the ‘expectancy effect’ said

A

Viagra in women … same affect as placebo
thus was more important that they thought they took the drug = “expectancy effect

25
Q

Define - Paraphilia

A

Paraphilia = intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners

26
Q

Paraphilic disorders

Development:

Gender/Sex:

Personality:

A

Paraphilic disorders

Development:
- sexual interest usually starts in adolescence
- becomes stronger/more specific with age
- can involve aggression, victimization

Gender/Sex:
- overwhelmingly more men

Personality:
- socially anxious, isolated, low confidence
- obsessive preoccupation
- behaviors distrupt relationships

27
Q

How is Paraphilia treated with CBT

A

Targets attitudes, behaviors, and amotions associated with problematic sexual behaviors
- cognitive distortions
- fantasies about problematic sexual behavior
- maturating to problematic sexual fantasies to cope with low mood
- identify situations that put the indiv at risk to develop coping strategie

28
Q

What is the key component of CBT for sex offenders?

A

Relapse Prevention Treatment
- increases motivation to not reoffend
- identify precursors to offending
- develop coping and avoidance skills to deal with precursors
- develop self-regulation skills
- responsibility and victim empathy

PSYC 2 (10 decks)

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