old quiz

Question 1

In the kidney, most water is reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid by what transport mechanism?

Answer 1

osmosis

Question 2

The functional unit of the kidney is termed

Answer 2

nephron

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence for urine movement:

Answer 3

Nephron –> Renal pelvis –> Ureters –> Urinary bladder –> Urethra

Question 4

Filtration of filtrate depends on a __________ gradient.

Answer 4

Pressure

Question 5

These are specialized cells that are found within the visceral layer of Bowman capsule, that are usually wrapped around the glomerular capillaries. These cells are termed______

Answer 5

Podocytes

Question 6

Most solutes, such as glucose and proteins, are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the ______________.

Answer 6

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 7

During tubular secretion,

Answer 7

Specific solutes can secreted directly from the blood to tubular fluid (to form filtrate)

Question 8

In the kidney, aldosterone secretion is stimulated by Angiotensin II. What is the outcome of aldosterone secretion?

Answer 8

To increase the synthesis of sodium transporters

Question 9

The kidney is important for filtration, but it is also an activation site of a pro-hormone/nutrient, which is___________

Answer 9

Vitamin D

Question 10

Which part of the nephron is NOT involved in the tubular reabsorption during the urine formation process?

Answer 10

Renal corpuscle

Question 11

Renin is secreted by ___________

Answer 11

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 12

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

Answer 12

By the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells

Question 13

Cells modify their sensitivity to a hormone by modifying the _____________

Answer 13

Synthesis of receptors

Question 14

To exert a rapid onset activity, water soluble hormones tend to exhibit which type of secretion pattern?

Answer 14

Acute hormone secretion

Question 15

Lipid soluble hormone tends to bind to a ____
receptor; while water-soluble hormone binds to a ___
receptor

Answer 15

nuclear, membrane bound

Question 16

A single hormone can set off cascade-like response due to its activation of second messengers. This is an example of ____.

Answer 16

Signal amplification

Question 17

Tropic hormones

Answer 17

Regulate the secretion of another hormone

Question 18

When blood glucose levels are high, the pancreas is stimulated to secrete insulin to bring down glucose levels. When glucose homeostasis is achieved, insulin secretion will then decrease. Therefore, secretion of insulin is an example of ________stimuli, which is regulated by ______________feedback mechanism.

Answer 18

Humoral; negative

Question 19

Posterior pituitary secretes neurohormones. Which of the following hormone is an example of neurohormone?

Answer 19

Antidiuretic hormone, Oxytocin

Question 20

Which hormone is more likely to bind to a binding protein?

Answer 20

Lipid soluble

Question 21

What is advantage for hormone to be able to bind to a binding protein?

Answer 21

it solubilizes the hormone and protects it

Question 22

Calcitonin

Answer 22

thyroid gland

Question 23

ghrelin

Answer 23

stomach

Question 24

cholecystokinin

Answer 24

duodenum

Question 25

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily targets which organ?

Answer 25

small intestine, kidney, bone

Question 26

This GI hormone is secreted by the duodenum. The release of this hormone will stimulate pancreatic secretion that is high in enzymes. This hormone is ____________________.

Answer 26

Cholecystokinin

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding Leptin?

Answer 27

It is secreted by the pancreas

Question 28

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 28

is characterized by increased metabolic rate

Question 29

The Arcuate Nucleus

Answer 29

Directly monitors blood nutrient concentrations

Question 30

The satiety hormones include ____________

Answer 30

Leptin, Insulin, Peptide YY