old quiz Flashcards
In the kidney, most water is reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid by what transport mechanism?
osmosis
The functional unit of the kidney is termed
nephron
Which of the following is the correct sequence for urine movement:
Nephron –> Renal pelvis –> Ureters –> Urinary bladder –> Urethra
Filtration of filtrate depends on a __________ gradient.
Pressure
These are specialized cells that are found within the visceral layer of Bowman capsule, that are usually wrapped around the glomerular capillaries. These cells are termed______
Podocytes
Most solutes, such as glucose and proteins, are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the ______________.
Proximal convoluted tubule
During tubular secretion,
Specific solutes can secreted directly from the blood to tubular fluid (to form filtrate)
In the kidney, aldosterone secretion is stimulated by Angiotensin II. What is the outcome of aldosterone secretion?
To increase the synthesis of sodium transporters
The kidney is important for filtration, but it is also an activation site of a pro-hormone/nutrient, which is___________
Vitamin D
Which part of the nephron is NOT involved in the tubular reabsorption during the urine formation process?
Renal corpuscle
Renin is secreted by ___________
Juxtaglomerular cells
How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?
By the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells
Cells modify their sensitivity to a hormone by modifying the _____________
Synthesis of receptors
To exert a rapid onset activity, water soluble hormones tend to exhibit which type of secretion pattern?
Acute hormone secretion
Lipid soluble hormone tends to bind to a ____
receptor; while water-soluble hormone binds to a ___
receptor
nuclear, membrane bound
A single hormone can set off cascade-like response due to its activation of second messengers. This is an example of ____.
Signal amplification
Tropic hormones
Regulate the secretion of another hormone
When blood glucose levels are high, the pancreas is stimulated to secrete insulin to bring down glucose levels. When glucose homeostasis is achieved, insulin secretion will then decrease. Therefore, secretion of insulin is an example of ________stimuli, which is regulated by ______________feedback mechanism.
Humoral; negative
Posterior pituitary secretes neurohormones. Which of the following hormone is an example of neurohormone?
Antidiuretic hormone, Oxytocin
Which hormone is more likely to bind to a binding protein?
Lipid soluble
What is advantage for hormone to be able to bind to a binding protein?
it solubilizes the hormone and protects it
Calcitonin
thyroid gland
ghrelin
stomach
cholecystokinin
duodenum
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily targets which organ?
small intestine, kidney, bone
This GI hormone is secreted by the duodenum. The release of this hormone will stimulate pancreatic secretion that is high in enzymes. This hormone is ____________________.
Cholecystokinin
Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding Leptin?
It is secreted by the pancreas
Hyperthyroidism
is characterized by increased metabolic rate
The Arcuate Nucleus
Directly monitors blood nutrient concentrations
The satiety hormones include ____________
Leptin, Insulin, Peptide YY
