Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

phys exam 3 > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine system

A

glands of an organism that secrete hormones into the circulatory system so they can be carried to target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the functions of the endocrine system

A
  1. Regulate metabolism
  2. Control of food intake and digestion
  3. Regulation of ion levels
  4. Control of water balance
  5. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure
  6. Control of immune system function
  7. Control of reproductive functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the characteristics of hormones

A

stability, communication, and distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stability

A
  1. Shorter half-lives are degraded by proteases inside a lysosome
  2. Modification to water-soluble hormones increases their half-lives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Communication – how do hormone initiate a response?

A

through binding to a receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distribution – hormones need to be transported to a distant organ/tissue, how do they do that?

A

-Ability to be transported to target organs and tissues
-Do this through binding proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

water-soluble hormones

A
  • Bind to membrane bound receptors to initiate a response
  • Shorter half life
  • Levels change rapidly
  • Regulates activities that have a rapid onset or short duration
  • No binding protein, free hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lipid soluble hormones

A
  • Small size, low solubility
  • Binding protein, solubilizes hormone and protects it
  • Bind to nuclear receptors
  • Have a constant activity rate and longer half life
  • Binding protein almost always
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which hormone can respond to rapid onset activities better? Water-soluble or lipid-soluble hormones? Why?

A

Water soluble hormones, their levels change rapidly and regulate activities that have a rapid onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the 3 patterns of hormone secretion

A

chronic, acute, episodic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chronic

A

Maintenance of relatively constant concentration of hormone
* Ex is thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute

A

Changes dramatically and irregularly
* Insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Episodic

A

Fairly regular intervals and concentrations
* Female reproductive hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how are humoral hormone secretions regulated

A

stimulated by molecules or metabolites, cells that secrete hormones have receptors for these substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how are neural hormone secretions regulated

A

neural control via neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how are hormonal secretions regulated

A

hormone stimulate the secretion of other hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does negative feedback control hormone secretion

A

hormone secretion is inhibited by the hormone itself once blood levels reach a certain concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does positive feedback control hormone secretion

A

hormones stimulated by tropic hormone promote synthesis and secretion of tropic hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are receptors important to hormone signaling? How do they help regulate responses of cell to hormones

A

-Hormones act on target cells that have specific receptors for chemical signals
- Alter g protein signaling pathway by interaction with adenylate cyclase and activate second messengers
- Alter the intracellular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Different type of receptors that the water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones binds to describe what happen when these hormones bind to the receptors and differentiate

A
  • Nuclear receptor enhances the transcription of mRNA/protein synthesis
  • Membrane-bound receptors enhances intracellular reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

pancreas

22
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Stimulate uterine contraction during labor
    -The love hormone
    -Sperm movement
23
Q

ADH

A
  • Increase in blood osmolality and decrease in blood pressure
  • enhances water permeability
24
Q

what is the outcome of ADH

A

Decreases the amount of urine produced

25
Q

what are tropic hormones

A

target other endocrine glands, regulated by hormonal stimuli

26
Q

what are examples of tropic hormones

A

tsh, acth, fsh

27
Q

what is the target of tropic hormones

A

endocrine glands

28
Q

where are tropic hormones produced

A

anterior pituitary

29
Q

what is the regulation of thyroid hormone secretion

A

the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone

30
Q

What happen if someone is iodine deficient?

A
31
Q

calcitonin

A
32
Q

calcium homeostasis

A
33
Q

what’s the target organ of calcitonin

A

Target tissue is bone and increases bone formation

34
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A
  • Composed of chief cells that secrete parathyroid hormones
  • Organs involved: bone, kidneys and small intestine
35
Q

regulation of calcium hormones

A

High calcium- inhibit PTH secretion
Low calcium- promote PTH secretion
- vit d helps in regulation of calcium levels

36
Q

Synthesis of vitamin D, environmental factors that affect vitamin D synthesis

A
  • Synthesized in the skin
  • Picked up by vit d binding protein for transport in blood
  • Helps with absorption of calcium
  • Environmental: where you live and how much sunlight you get, time of year
37
Q

Forms and sources of vitamin D

A
  • Plants and animal products
  • Sunlight
38
Q

Digestion, transport, and activation of vitamin

A
  • Enters the nucleus from the cytosol
  • Binds to receptors
  • Induces gene transcription
  • Organs involved: liver and kidney
39
Q
  • Outcome of vitamin D deficiency
A
  • Osteomalacia- softening of bones, mostly in children
  • Loss of bone matrix
40
Q

exocrine in the pancreas

A

pancreatic digestive juices

41
Q

endocrine in the pancreas

A

consists of pancreatic islets

42
Q

Role of insulin and glucagon in glucose homeostasis

A

*Beta cells secrete insulin
*Alpha cells secrete glucagon
*Insulin is a anabolic reaction and secreted when blood glucose is high
*Glucagon is a catabolic hormone and is secreted when blood glucose is low

43
Q

Define and understand the mechanism of insulin resistance

A

*When cells stop responding to insulin
*Common in people with T2DM

44
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

*Hunger suppression
*Stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes
*Stimulates gall bladder contraction

45
Q

secretin

A

Pancreatic juice secreted into duodenum, decreases acidity

46
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the stomach

A

gastrin and ghrelin

47
Q

Gastrin

A

*Gastric secretion
*Stimulate gastric and intestinal motility

48
Q

ghrelin

A

*Increases hunger
*Stimulates growth hormone secretion
- hunger hormone

49
Q

What is the primary function of Somatostatin?

A

Endocrine off switch, inhibit release of GI hormones

50
Q

somatostatin is released by which cells/location?

A

Stomach, small intestine and pancreatic delta cells

51
Q

What is the action/outcome of somatostatin secretion?

A
  • Inhibit release of GI hormones
  • Slow gastric emptying and motility
  • Reduce blood flow to intestine
52
Q

Leptin is secreted by _______? Does it suppress or increase appetite?

A
  • Secreted by adipose cells
  • It decreases appetite

phys exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions