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phys exam 3 > practice exam > Flashcards

practice exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?

A

Vasa recta

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2
Q

Aldosterone targets cells in the __________ to increase the expression of ____________ transporter as a mean to retain/reabsorb sodium.

A

Distal convoluted tubule; sodium

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3
Q

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them.

(1) Loop of Henle
(2) Bowman capsule
(3) Distal convoluted tubule
(4) Proximal convoluted tubule

A

2, 4, 1, 3

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4
Q

The site of renin production is found in the ___________

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

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5
Q

Renin converts

A

Angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

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6
Q

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases, allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

A

Increase in filtration volume

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7
Q

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the _______

A

Ureter

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8
Q

Tubular reabsorption occurs in which of the following structures?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the __________.

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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10
Q

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

A

increased renin secretion.

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11
Q

Water is moved from the __________ into the capillaries of the vasa recta by way of the process of __________.

A

descending loop; osmosis

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12
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Enhances water reabsorption

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13
Q

The function of the urinary system includes:

A

Regulate pH of extracellular fluid

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14
Q

Which of the following hormone has longer half-life?

A

Aldosterone

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15
Q

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone prevents the release of additional growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. This is an example of_______.

A

Hormonal stimulus

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16
Q

Humoral stimuli usually involve stimulation by _______

A

Metabolites or molecules

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17
Q

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

A

Activation of RNA (mRNA) synthesis

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18
Q

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

A

By the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells

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19
Q

Thyroid hormone inhibits its own secretion, which is an example of ___________ feedback. In contrast, __________ feedback occurs when oxytocin induces the production of more oxytocin, leading to an amplification effect.

A

Negative; positive

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20
Q

The following action can be activated by membrane-bound receptors EXCEPT:

A

Activate the mRNA synthesis

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21
Q

Which mechanism of hormonal stimulation would be affected if signaling and hormone release from the hypothalamus was blocked?

A

hormonal and neural stimuli

22
Q

Water-soluble hormones bind to ____________receptors, and lipid-soluble hormones bind to_______ receptors.

A

Membrane-bound; nuclear

23
Q

The tendency of one hormone bind to only type of receptor is called _______.

A

Specificity

24
Q

A hormone can set off a cascade-like response due to its activation of secondary messenger. This is an example of __________

A

Signal amplification

25
Q

Lipid-soluble hormones respond faster than water-soluble hormones because they can bind to DNA promoter region directly to induce transcription.

A

False

26
Q

Tissues can change their sensitivity to hormones by changing the expression of targeted receptor.

A

True

27
Q

A receptor is used to maximize the response of a hormone but is not necessary in order for a target cell to respond to its hormone.

A

False

28
Q

Stable levels of thyroid hormone are maintained over a long period of time

A

chronic hormone secretion

29
Q

Epinephrine levels spike during a stress event

A

acute hormone secretion

30
Q

Estrogen and progesterone levels change cyclically and predictably every month

A

episodic hormone secretion

31
Q

Which of the following hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

32
Q

Oxytocin is associated with___________

A

Social bonding and maternal nurturing

33
Q

What would happen if secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is inhibited?

A

Prevents water reabsorption by the kidney

34
Q

The activation of vitamin D occurs in ___

A

Kidney

35
Q

Which of the following is associated with hypersecretion of thyroid hormones?

A

Increased metabolic rate

36
Q

Elevated levels of T3 and T4 __________ metabolic rate, while decreased levels of T3 and T4 _________ metabolic rate.

A

increase; decrease

37
Q

If parathyroid hormone levels increase, which of these conditions is expected?

A

Osteoclast activity increases

38
Q

Leptin is released by _________________

A

adipose tissue

39
Q

Deficiency in iodine can cause the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of this gland, leading to goiter.

A

Thyroid

40
Q

Calcitonin is secreted when the blood calcium level is_______

A

High

41
Q

Increased calcitonin levels result in __________ osteoclast activity in the bones.

A

Decreased

42
Q

Which of the following are actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Stimulates increased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys

43
Q

Which of the following is more likely to occur following a meal?

A

All of the above

44
Q

This GI hormone has the following characteristics:

-It is released by the small intestine

-It can slow motility in the stomach and stimulates insulin release and inhibits glucagon activity

-Its secretion can be stimulated by food intake

A

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

45
Q

Tropic hormones

A

All of the above choices are correct.

46
Q

The term for fullness that occurs within a meal is:

A

Satiation

47
Q

Which is not true of ghrelin?

A

Has the same basic effect on satiety as insulin.

48
Q

Which of the following is orexigenic?

A

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

49
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus is responsible for search for food, initiation, and stimulation of eating?

A

Lateral hypothalamic area

50
Q

This hypothalamic nucleus monitors blood nutrient concentrations and responsible for feelings of hunger and initiation of eating.

A

Arcuate nucleus

phys exam 3 (7 decks)

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