Old models

Question 1

Moral model

Answer 1

Drug abuse and drug seeking was labeled as immoral and in conflict w social norms/values. A sign of weakness. Addicts were locked up or ‘re-educated’ in institutions

Question 2

Pharmacological model

Answer 2

No longer weak/amoral, but the addictive characteristic of the substance. One-sided view, as availability and use of substances is insufficient in developing addiction. (war on drugs)

Question 3

Symptomatic model

Answer 3

Not addiction as condition itself, but as a symptom of an underlying character-neurosis/disorder.Treated with long term insight oriented psycho-therapeutic treatment

Question 4

Disease model

Answer 4

Highlights uncontrolled use and physical dependence (tolerance/withdrawal). (minnesota and AA model) Moderate use for non-addicts, addicts complete abstinence.

Question 5

Learning thoery

Answer 5

Maladaptive learned behavior that can be un-learned again w help of behavioural interventions: Aversion therapy and cure exposure

Question 6

Bio-psycho-social development model

Answer 6

Vietnam soldiers. Spontaneous recovery after returning, implying the relative differences in the continuous interaction between innate vulnerability, personal development and circumstances. Treated with multi-model intervention (all aspects)

Question 7

Opponent-process theory

Answer 7

Withdrawal symptoms play a central role. After addiction, tolerance increases and drugs are mainly taken to avoid withdrawal. Doesn’t explain relapse.