Dual process model

Question 1

Dual process instrumental action

Answer 1

With behavioral repetition, there is a shift from flexible goal-directed control to efficient habitual behavior

Question 2

Goal-directed control

Answer 2

Mediated by representation of causal relationship (action outcome) and goal value. Top-down processing

Question 3

Habit control

Answer 3

Behaviourally autonomous under external stiulus control. Takes place independently of current desires and outcome. Bottom-up processing

Question 4

Dual-process model

Answer 4

Addiction is explained by the two control pathways:

Weakened top-down processing

Reinforced bottom up processing

Supported by the fact that these are both driven by different structures