Old Exams and Quizzes Flashcards
The layer of connective tissue located immediately beneath the epithelium which lines the lumen of the ureter is termed the:
lamina propria
A gland is described as a “mucosal gland” if:
it is contained in the tunica mucosa
List the two components of a uriniferous tubule.
Nephron and collecting duct
List two domestic mammals described as having multilobar (multipyramidal) kidneys:
Ox and the pig
The cells found in the tunica media of the afferent arteriole (to the renal corpuscle) respond to decreased blood pressure by producing and releasing the enzyme:
Renin
Pulmonary alveolar cell that has simple squamous epithelium is called:
Type I alveolar cell
Pulmonary alveolar cell that is the source of surfactant is is simple cuboidal is called:
Type II alveolar cell
What contains the membranous labyrinth in regards to the ear?
The inner ear
What communicates with the auditory (eustachian) tube in regards to the ear?
Middle ear
What is the conducting airway that lacks glands?
Bronchiole
The smallest airway that contains cartilage
Bronchus
Conducting airway found only in the lung
bronchiole
How many “basic tissues” are there and list them.
Four basic tissue: epithelial, connective tissue, muscle, and nervous tissue
A surface epithelium in which cells contact the basement membrane but not all of them reach the free surface is termed:
psuedostratified epithelium
any surface epithelium which consists of two or more layers of cells is referred to as:
stratified epithelium
The neuroglial cell that produces the myelin sheath in the central nervous system is the:
oligodendrocyte
The neuroglial cell that lines the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain is the:
ependymal cell
The bone cell that is multinucleated is the:
osteoclast
The bone cell that is most active in the synthesis of the organic matrix of the bone is the:
osteoblast
The bone cell that is most responsible for bone resporption is the:
osteoclast
True or False. The terms keratinized and cornified are synonymous.
True
True of False. Endothelium is the general term denoting the surface epithelium that lines the lumen of any tubular organ.
False
True or False. Elastic arteries have circularly oriented smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia.
False (only in the tunica media)
True or False. Muscular arteries typically contain a definitive internal elastic lamina.
True
The layer of the glomerular capsule that covers the glomerulus is the:
Visceral layer
The cells that compromise the visceral layer are referred to as:
Podocytes
The longest segment of the nephron is:
the proximal convoluted tubule
what segment of the nephron connects with an arched collecting tubule?
distal convoluted tubule
What segment of the nephron in the cortex displays a prominent brush border?
Proximal convoluted tubule
True or False. The efferent arteriole of outer cortical nephrons forms the peritubular plexus.
True.
True or False. Blood in the arcuate veins flows next into the interlobar veins.
True
True or False. Kidneys of the sheep and goat are described as multilobar.
False (the pig and the ox)
True or False. The cells of the tunica media of the efferent arteriole monitor sodium concentrations in the distal tubule.
False
True or false. Medullary rays are located in the renal pyramid.
False (they are located in the cortex and the renal pyramids are in the medulla)
True or False. ADH increases the permeability of the medullary collecting ducts to water.
True
What contains papillary ducts?
renal medulla
What contains renal pyramids?
renal medulla
What contains collecting tubules?
Both the renal medulla and the renal cortex
What contains renal papilla or renal crest?
Renal medulla
What contains the venulae rectae?
the renal medulla
What contains the interlobular arteries?
The renal cortex
What contains the renal corpuscles?
the renal cortex
What contains convoluted tubules?
the renal cortex
What contains renal lobes?
Both renal medulla and renal cortex
What cell is present in hemal nodes? (B, T, Both, or neither)
Both B and T cells
What is present in the spleen? (B, T, Both, or neither)
Both B and T cells
What is present in subepithelial lymphatic tissue? (B, T, Both, or neither)
Both B and T cells
What differentiates into plasma cells? (B, T, Both, or neither)
B cells
What cells are presentin the circulation? (B, T, Both, or neither)
B and T cells
What cells are present in the lymph nodes? (B, T, Both, or neither)
Both B and T cells
What cells are present in the follicles of the cloacal bursa? (B, T, Both, or neither)
B lymphocytes
What cells are present in the tonsils? (B, T, Both, or neither)
Both B and T cells
What is the main cell type in lymphatic nodules? (B, T, Both, or neither)
B cells
Elastic arteries (large arteries) ….
When compared to other vessels, have the largest amount of elastin in the tunica media. They do NOT have longitudinally oriented smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia (this is only in elastic veins).
Muscular arteries ….
Contain circularly oriented smooth muscle in the tunica media; contain a definitive internal elastic lamina; include the femoral and brachial arteries
Large veins ….
Include the caudal vena cava; have circularly oriented smooth muscle in the tunica media, have longitudinally oriented smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia
The stage of hair growth cycle in which hair matrix cells are active is:
anagen
The ducts of merocrine glands empty …
onto the surface of the skin.
The ducts of apocrine glands empty….
directly into hair follicles
The cell of the epidermis that is derived from the embryonic neural crest is the:
melanocyte
Arrector pili muscles contract when stimulated by _____ .
Norepinephrine
The portion of the hair follicle that is continous with the stratum spinosum of the epidermis is the:
internal layer of the dermal rooth sheath
The layer of the dermis that consists of dense, irregular, collagenous connective tissue is the:
reticular layer
the cell of the epidermis that produces the stratum corneum is the:
keratinocyte
The parietal layer of the glomerular (bowman’s) capsule consists of what kind of epithelium?
simple squamous epithelium
baroreceptors in the kidney are located where?
In the afferent arteriole
The epithelium that lines the lumen of the trachea is classified as:
psuedostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium
Renin is produced by:
JG cells
The segment of the uriniferous tubule whose function is directly influenced by vasopressin is the:
collecting duct
True or False. The kidney cannot produce concentrated urine without aldosterone.
False
True or False. The medullary ray is the center of the lobule of the avian kidney.
False
True or False. The avian kidney consists of cranial, middle, and caudal divisions.
True
True or false. The afferent arteriole of the outer cortical nephrons forms the peritubular plexus.
False
True or False. The distal convoluted tubule is the longest segment of the nephron.
False
True or false. Tracheal cartilages are composed of hyaline cartilage.
True
True or false. Increased arterial pressure would result in increased aldosterone secretion.
False (decrease in pressure would result in this)
True or false. Cells of the distal convoluted tubule possess ultrastructure of ion-transporting cells.
True
True or False. Angiotensin II causes vasodilation.
False (vasoconstriction)
Capillaries are ____ in muscle and are not _____ in the CNS.
Capillaries are continuous in the muscle and CNS, they are NOT fenestrated in the CNS.
In the anagen phase of hair growth ….
the old hair is pushed out of the follicle
All of the following are characteristics of hemal nodes:
No efferent or afferent lymph vessels, blood filled sinuses, capsule contains smooth muscle, lymphatic nodules
Do hemal nodes have a thymus-dependent region?
No
Does the monocyte-macrophage system include the polymorphonculear leukocytes?
No
The reticular layer of the dermis contains:
dense, irregular collagenous connective tissue
Arrector pili muscles …
are small smooth muscles that attach to hair follicles
True of false. Lymphatic nodules are normally found in every primary lymphatic organ.
False
The agranulocyte that becomes an antigen presenting cell is the:
monocyte
True or false. Hormones do not influence hair growth.
False
True or false. Hair is derived from ectoderm.
True
True or false. Hairs are avascular.
True
True or false. Merocrine glands are located in the footpads of the dog and cat.
True
True or False. The apocrine type of sweat gland is the most common in domestic mammals.
True
Memory cells …
are long lived, capable of blast transofrmation, are inactive until antigen is encountered, and ciruclate throughout the body providing antigenic surveillance
The primary lymphatic organ present in both birds and mammals is:
thymus
What segment of the nephron is located entirely in the renal medulla:
Distal convoluted tubule
Is the distal convoluted tubule’s function regulated by aldosterone?
Yes
What covers the glomerulus?
Bowman’s capsue
What contains podocytes?
bowman’s capsule
The region of the renal crest or papilla on which the papillary ducts open is called the:
area cribrosa
the region of the renal corpuscle where the proximal convoluted tubule begins is called the:
tubular pole
List the three components of a medullary ray:
proximal straight tubule
collecting duct
distal straight tubule
List the two blood vessels that are located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle:
efferent arteriole
afferent arteriole
True or falce. Hemal nodes are unique to ruminants.
True
True or false. Hemal nodes are usually found near lymph nodes.
True
True or false. Hemal nodes have only efferent lymph vessels.
False, none
The only lymphatic organ that functions as a filter of lymph is the:
Lymph node
The lympathic organ that contains hassall’s corpuscles is the:
thymus
What is a primary lymphatic organ in birds, but not in mammals?
Cloacal bursa
The thymus dependent zone of a lymph node consists of:
the paracortex
What is a merkel cell?
the cell of the epidermis that is a touch receptor
High endothelial venules are where:
circulating lymphocytes leave the blood and enter the lympathic organ
True or False. Are osteoblasts part of the monocyte-macrophage system?
False (osteoclasts are)
True or false. A capsule is covered by a tunica serosa in the spleen.
True
True or false the stroma of the spleen contains reticular cells and reticular fibers.
True.
Ture or false. A thymus dependent zone is not present in the spleen.
False
True or False. T lymphocytes predominate in the periarterial lymphatic sheath.
True
Do all secondary lymphatic organs contain a thymus-dependent zone?
Yes
