Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microanatomy > Micro of GI System I > Flashcards

Micro of GI System I Flashcards

1
Q

List the four layers for a tubular organ:

A
  1. Tunica Mucosa
  2. Tunica Submucosa
  3. Tunica Muscularis
  4. Tunica Adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the layers present in Tunica Mucosa

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria - always present
  3. Lamina muscularis - may not be present, if it is it is always smooth muscle!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If lamina muscularis is present, what kind of muscle is it?

A

Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If lamina muscularis is absent, which two layers blend together and what is the proper definition for these combined layers?

A

Lamina propria blends with tunica submucos = propria submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is tunica Adventitia called tunica serosa?

A

When the tissue is within the body cavity because of mesothelial lining. Serosa has mesothelial lining, adventitia does not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Layers of the lips:

A
  1. Tunica mucoa - nonkeratinied stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized in ruminants); lamina propria has salivary glands, lamina muscularis is absent
  2. Tunica submucosa is indistinct, so it is clled propria submucosa
  3. Tunica muscularis: orbicularis oris musle
  4. Tunica adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Layers of the Cheeks

A
  1. Tunica mucosa: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized in ruminants), lamia muscularis is absent, so blending of lamina propria into tunica submucosa = propria submucsa
  2. Tunica submucosa salivary glands (buccal glands)
  3. Tunica muscularis: buccinator muscle
  4. Tunica adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Layers of Hard Palate

A
  1. Tunica mucosa: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; called dental pad in ruminants; lamina muscularis is absent
  2. Submucosa blends with periosteum salivary glands (palatine glands) except in porcine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Layers of soft palate:

A
  1. Tunica Mucosa: oropharyngeal surface is nonkeratinized stratified eptiehlium, nasopharyngeal surface is called ciliated pseudostratified columnar eptiehlium; lamina muscularis is absent
  2. Submucosa salivary glands (palatine glands)
  3. Tunica muscularis - striated mucle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Layers of Tongue

A
  1. Tunica mucosa: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; dorsal surface has numerous lingual papillae; lamna propria blends with submucosa
  2. Tunica submucosa blends with epimysium
  3. Tunica muscularis: striated muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three types of mechanical papillae and what type of epithelium do they have?

A
  1. Filiform
  2. Conical
  3. Lenticular
    All have keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three types of gustatory papillae and what type of epithelium do they have?

A
  1. Fungiform (mushroom shaped, taste buds on dosral surface of tongue)
  2. Vallate (largest of all lingual papillae, taste buds on lateral surface of sulcus)
  3. Foliate (predominant in rabbit tongue, tatste buds on lateral surfae of each fold)
    All share nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and have taste buds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What re the three cell types of taste buds?

A
  1. Neuroepithelial taste cells
  2. Sustentaular cells
  3. basal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are taste buds replaced? And if so, how often?

A

Yes, they are replaced every 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of salivary glands in mammals

A
  1. Moisten food
  2. Facilitates access to taste buds
  3. Regulated pH in mouth and plaque formation (H+ in blood stream; HCO3- in lumen)
  4. Lubricate the upper GI tract
  5. Enhance flow of food into stomach
  6. Fluid for nonglandular stomach
  7. Aids in digestion (indirectly)
  8. Neutralize reflux acids in the esophagus (H+ in blood stream; HCO3- in lumen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Composition of salivary glands in mammals

A
  1. Mostly water (98%)
  2. Electrolytes: all are present, K+ and bicarb are higher than plasma, Na and Cl are lower than plasma
  3. Mucus
  4. Antibacterial compounds (IgA, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, H2O2)
  5. Antifungal and antiviral compounds
  6. Enzymes (amylase, lingual, lipase, lysozyme, and others in minor amoutns)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Control of salivary glands in mammals

A
  1. Sympathetic NS tends to produce thicker saliva
  2. Parasympathetic NS tends to produce more watery saliva (increased capillary permeability)
    Mouse saliva contains nerve growth factor, human saliva contains opiorphin - a pain killing substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Salivary glands are called what in terms of their structural arrangement? Why?

A

Compound Exocrine Gland - well developed duct system (‘compound’ = many ducts); may have different types of secretory units; may secrete more than one product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Salivary compound gland duct system from small to big:

A
  1. Intercalated duct
  2. Intralobular duct = striated
  3. Interlobular
  4. Lobar ducts
  5. Main excretory duct
20
Q

What kind of epithelium do intralobular ducts have and why is it also called a striated duct?

A
  1. Simple columnar, acidophilic epithelium.
  2. A lot of mitochondria give it a striated appearance, and carbonic anhydrase enzyme adds sodium bicarbonate to secretion as its coming through the lumen
21
Q

What makes the intralobular ducts in salivary glands special?

A

Only duct to actually produce a secretory product (sodium bicarbonate), most ducts only serve as a conduit for the glandular secretion.

22
Q

Where are salivary interlobular ducts located?

A

Between lobules, surrounded by connective tissue.

23
Q

What are secretory units named after?

A

Secretory units refers to shape of glands NOT the nature of the secretory product

24
Q

Where are acinar glands located?

A

Acinar glands have a small lumen and are typically present in parotid salivary glands.

25
Q

Where are alveolar glands located?

A

Alveolar glands have a larger lumen than acinar glands, and are present in mixed salivary glands.

26
Q

What type of glands are present in mixed salivary glands?

A

Alveolar glands, tubular glands, and tubuloacinar/alveolar (combination of glands with some being tubular and others acinar/alveolar in shape)

27
Q

Secretory product refers to..?

A

Nature of the secretion

28
Q

Describe Serous secretory product and give an example.

A

Watery secretion; purple staining cytoplasm, parotid salivary gland is almost all serous

29
Q

Describe mucous secretory product and give an example.

A

Mucous secretion; pale staining cytoplasm; one of the glands in the tonsils is all mucous, but most salivary glands have a mixture of mucous and serous secretion

30
Q

Describe seromucous secretory product and give an example of where it is present.

A
  1. All serous of all mucous acinus
  2. Mucous tubule with serous acinus
  3. Mucous acinus with serous demilunes (most commonly observed type of secromucous gland)
    Example: mandibular salivary gland (intermixed within one acinus)
31
Q

What are serous demilunes?

A

They are a seromucous secreting gland, where serous cells cap or surround the mucous secreting cells

32
Q

Characteristics of the parotid salivary gland:

A
  1. Mostly serous with isolated mucous units in dogs and cats
  2. Compound acinar gland with lobes
  3. Intercalated ducts have cuboidal or columnar epithelium
  4. Striated (intralobular) ducts are prominent
  5. Interlobular ducts - simple columnar epithelium
  6. Main duct - stratified squamous epithelium near surface
33
Q

Characteristics of the mandibular salivary gland:

A
  1. Seromucous (mucous with serous demilunes)
  2. Compound tubuloacinar
  3. Canaliculi between mucous cells
  4. Interlobular ducts-two-layered epithelium
  5. Main duct - stratified columnar with goblet cells
34
Q

Brachyodont teeth are in what animals?

A
  1. All teeth of carnivores
  2. Incisors of ruminants
  3. Porcine teeth (NOT tusks)
35
Q

Characteristics of brachyodont teeth

A
  1. Cease to grow after eruption
  2. Defined crown with enamel
  3. Roots covered with cementum
36
Q

Hypsodont teeth are found in what animals?

A
  1. All equine teeth
  2. Ruminant cheek teeth
  3. Tusks
37
Q

Characteristics of hypsodont teeth

A
  1. Continue to grow after eruption
  2. No defined crown
  3. May not have roots
  4. Cementum covers entire body of tooth
38
Q

What are the three substances found in mature teeth?

A
  1. Enamel
  2. Dentin
  3. Cementum
39
Q

Define enamel

A
  1. Hardest substance in the body
  2. 99% mineral, 1% organic
  3. Produced by ameloblasts
  4. Covers the crown of teeth
40
Q

Define Dentin

A
  1. 70% mineral with collagen matrix
  2. Produced by odontoblasts
  3. Beneath enamel and cementum
41
Q

Define Cementum

A
  1. Modified bone
  2. Produced by cementocytes
  3. Covers the root
42
Q

Brachydont tooth development

A
  1. Invagination of the oral ectoderm to form the dental lamina
  2. Formation of the enamel organ
  3. Mesenchyme of pulp cavity differentiates into odontoblasts (odontoblasts make dentin)
  4. Inner epithelial layer differentiates into ameloblasts (ameloblasts make enamel)
  5. Just after tooth erupts, dental sac collapses to form cementocytes (cementocytes make cementum)
  6. Mature tooth has crown covered by enamel, root covered by cementum
43
Q

Hypsodont tooth development

A
  1. Similar to brachydont tooth development, except:
    a. Prior to tooth eruption, the dental sac collapses over the entire tooth
    b. Therefore, cementum becomes the outermost layer and covers the entire tooth
    c. No defined enamel crown, rather enamel invaginates into the dentin layer
44
Q

Compare dental sac location between brachydont and hypsodont teeth

A

In brachydont tooth, dental sac (cementum) is over the root.

In hypsodont tooth, dental sac collapses over entire tooth, so cementum covers the whole tooth.

45
Q

Avian Buccal Cavity

A
  1. No teeth - beak covered with keratine
  2. Tongue (entoglossal bone)
  3. Salivary glands (simple branched tubular)
  4. Epithelium - keratinized stratified squamous

Microanatomy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions