Okaps flashcards - Retina
what type of collagen is vitreous?
type II
what are elschnig spots
choroidal infarcts in severe hypertensive retinopathy
tertiary vitreous forms what structures?
zonules
stickler’s systemic findings
hyperextensible joints, arthritis, orofacial findings, cleft palot Pierre Robin malformation complex
Causes of bull’s eye maculopathy
drugs (chloroquine, chlopromazine, thioridzine, tamoxifen), confe dystrophy, stargardt’s disease, inverse RP Batten’s disease
what is wrong in gyrate atrophine
error of ornithine aminotrasferase leading to increaed ornithing
treatment of gyrate atrophy
pyridoxine and arginine restricted diet
risk factors for ROP
born less thant 36 weeks, less than 2000 g
threshold diseas
stage 3 ro with , zone 1 or 2 invovled, 5 or more continuous clock hours or 8 cumulative clock hours, plus disease
when should ROP be screened
4-6 weeks after birth or 30 weeks, which ever is later.
how often does ROP regress?
85%
degenerative retinoschsis in myopes or hyperopes
hyperopes
ERG finding in X linked retinoschisi
B wave decreased compared to a wave
retinoschiss vs. RD
schisis absolute scotoma
DRVS study
benefit of early vitrectomy in type I, not in type II
what is a Fuch’s spot
pigment proliferation after absorption of macular hemorrhage from CNV in highly myopic individuals
Bull’s eye maculopathy
chloroquine toxicity, cone dystrophy, Bardet Biedel syndrome, Batten’s inverse RP, macular dystrophy, stargardt’s
what are signs that choroidal nevus is malignant
subretinal fluid, orange pigment, growth, symptoms,
Ddx for decrase in b wave
siderosis, congeneital tationary night blindness, CRAO, qinne or methanol toicity, X linked retinoshisis
EOG
measures RPE function
Ocular findings in RP
PSC, myopia, optic disc drusen, KCN, glaucoma, Intermediate uvietis, PVD
Refsum’s disease
increase in phytanic acid, pig retinopathy, cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, deafness
What mucopolysaccharidoses associated with pigment retinopathy?
Hurler, hunter, scheie, sanfilippo
Oguchi’s disease
recessive form of stationary night blindnes 2-12 hr delay of attaining normal dark adapted rod thresholds
Fundus albipunctatus
recessive form of stationary night blindness, tiny yellow white spots sparing macula
what is the specificity gravity of silicone oil
0.975, slightly less than fluid in vitreous
where do trasumatic retinal dialyses occur
superonasal
difference between classic and occult CNV
classic hyperfluoresecen very early with boundaries, ocul hyperfluoresces later, may have indistinct borders
AR, chromsome 16 obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, MR, pigmentary retinopathy
Bardet-Biedell syndrome
ichthyosis and pigmentary retinopathy
Refsum and sjogren larsson
patients’ about 40, bilateral subfoveal NVM
Sorby’s macular dystrophy
ddx for crystalline retinopathy
tamoxifin, thioridizine, cystinosis, canthaxantin, primary hyeroxaluria, Bietti’s talc retinophaty
laser photocoagulation schsis vs. RD
will be visible in outer layer of schiss, but not on bare RPE of RD
ddx of intraocular cartilage
PHPV, medulloepithelioma, teratoma, trisomy 13
five stages of ROP
line, rdige, ridge with vessels, RD (foveal and nofoveal), total funnel RD
ddx of periphery retinopath and macular dragging
incontnetia pgimenti, ROP, FEVR, x linked retinoschis
associations with best
strabismus, hyperopia
nonleaking CME
Goldmanfavre, retinoschiss nicotinic acid, RP
onset in 1st decade with drusen leding to atrophy
north caroline macular dystrophy (AD) ERG, EOG, normal
decreased VA between 40-50
Sorsby’s AD ERG and Eog subnormal late