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Okaps flashcards - Retina

1
Q

what type of collagen is vitreous?

A

type II

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2
Q

what are elschnig spots

A

choroidal infarcts in severe hypertensive retinopathy

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3
Q

tertiary vitreous forms what structures?

A

zonules

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4
Q

stickler’s systemic findings

A

hyperextensible joints, arthritis, orofacial findings, cleft palot Pierre Robin malformation complex

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5
Q

Causes of bull’s eye maculopathy

A

drugs (chloroquine, chlopromazine, thioridzine, tamoxifen), confe dystrophy, stargardt’s disease, inverse RP Batten’s disease

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6
Q

what is wrong in gyrate atrophine

A

error of ornithine aminotrasferase leading to increaed ornithing

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7
Q

treatment of gyrate atrophy

A

pyridoxine and arginine restricted diet

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8
Q

risk factors for ROP

A

born less thant 36 weeks, less than 2000 g

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9
Q

threshold diseas

A

stage 3 ro with , zone 1 or 2 invovled, 5 or more continuous clock hours or 8 cumulative clock hours, plus disease

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10
Q

when should ROP be screened

A

4-6 weeks after birth or 30 weeks, which ever is later.

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11
Q

how often does ROP regress?

A

85%

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12
Q

degenerative retinoschsis in myopes or hyperopes

A

hyperopes

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13
Q

ERG finding in X linked retinoschisi

A

B wave decreased compared to a wave

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14
Q

retinoschiss vs. RD

A

schisis absolute scotoma

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15
Q

DRVS study

A

benefit of early vitrectomy in type I, not in type II

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16
Q

what is a Fuch’s spot

A

pigment proliferation after absorption of macular hemorrhage from CNV in highly myopic individuals

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17
Q

Bull’s eye maculopathy

A

chloroquine toxicity, cone dystrophy, Bardet Biedel syndrome, Batten’s inverse RP, macular dystrophy, stargardt’s

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18
Q

what are signs that choroidal nevus is malignant

A

subretinal fluid, orange pigment, growth, symptoms,

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19
Q

Ddx for decrase in b wave

A

siderosis, congeneital tationary night blindness, CRAO, qinne or methanol toicity, X linked retinoshisis

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20
Q

EOG

A

measures RPE function

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21
Q

Ocular findings in RP

A

PSC, myopia, optic disc drusen, KCN, glaucoma, Intermediate uvietis, PVD

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22
Q

Refsum’s disease

A

increase in phytanic acid, pig retinopathy, cataracts, cerebellar ataxia, deafness

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23
Q

What mucopolysaccharidoses associated with pigment retinopathy?

A

Hurler, hunter, scheie, sanfilippo

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24
Q

Oguchi’s disease

A

recessive form of stationary night blindnes 2-12 hr delay of attaining normal dark adapted rod thresholds

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25
Q

Fundus albipunctatus

A

recessive form of stationary night blindness, tiny yellow white spots sparing macula

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26
Q

what is the specificity gravity of silicone oil

A

0.975, slightly less than fluid in vitreous

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27
Q

where do trasumatic retinal dialyses occur

A

superonasal

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28
Q

difference between classic and occult CNV

A

classic hyperfluoresecen very early with boundaries, ocul hyperfluoresces later, may have indistinct borders

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29
Q

AR, chromsome 16 obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, MR, pigmentary retinopathy

A

Bardet-Biedell syndrome

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30
Q

ichthyosis and pigmentary retinopathy

A

Refsum and sjogren larsson

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31
Q

patients’ about 40, bilateral subfoveal NVM

A

Sorby’s macular dystrophy

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32
Q

ddx for crystalline retinopathy

A

tamoxifin, thioridizine, cystinosis, canthaxantin, primary hyeroxaluria, Bietti’s talc retinophaty

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33
Q

laser photocoagulation schsis vs. RD

A

will be visible in outer layer of schiss, but not on bare RPE of RD

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34
Q

ddx of intraocular cartilage

A

PHPV, medulloepithelioma, teratoma, trisomy 13

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35
Q

five stages of ROP

A

line, rdige, ridge with vessels, RD (foveal and nofoveal), total funnel RD

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36
Q

ddx of periphery retinopath and macular dragging

A

incontnetia pgimenti, ROP, FEVR, x linked retinoschis

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37
Q

associations with best

A

strabismus, hyperopia

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38
Q

nonleaking CME

A

Goldmanfavre, retinoschiss nicotinic acid, RP

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39
Q

onset in 1st decade with drusen leding to atrophy

A

north caroline macular dystrophy (AD) ERG, EOG, normal

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40
Q

decreased VA between 40-50

A

Sorsby’s AD ERG and Eog subnormal late

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41
Q

central pigmentary distrubances, good central VA, normal ERG, abnormal EOG

A

pattern dystrophies

42
Q

severely reduced vision, complete color blinness, nystagmus, normal retinal exam

A

congenital achromatopsia

43
Q

decreased vision, photoaversion, nystgamus. ERG: absent cone response, normal rod

A

blud cone monochromatism (X linked recessive)

44
Q

which type of RP is worse?

45
Q

type of scotoma in RP

A

inferotemporal

46
Q

ddx of tunnel vision

A

glacuoma, functional, gyrate atrophy, vitamin A toxicity, occipital lobe stroke

47
Q

ddx of nyctalopia

A

myopia, vitamin A, zinc deficincy, choroidemia, gyrate atrophy, CSNB, goldman favre

48
Q

ddx salt pepper fundus

A

rubuella, leber’s amaurosis, albinism, RP, syphilis, cystinosis, phenothiazine toxicity, pattern dystrophy

49
Q

treatable RP

A

Bassen kronzweigh (abetalipoproteinemia), refsums’s, gyrate atrophy

50
Q

associations with LCA

A

chromosme 1, KCN, hyperopia, cataract, macular colobomia, MR< deafness, seizures, renal and muscloskeletal abnormaliteis

51
Q

inverse RP

A

posterior pole more than periphery affected

52
Q

punctata albescene

A

small white spots in mid periphery, no bone spiculares

53
Q

deafness and RP

A

Usher’s Hallgreen’s alstrom’s biedle bardet

54
Q

eye syndromes with hearing loss

A

cogan’s sticklers’s waardenburg-Klein, Duane’s

55
Q

increased serum copper, ceruloplasmin, atypical RP

A

Refsum’s

56
Q

RP due to differntiacy in fat soluble viamins

A

CBC, cholesterol, stool, bassenkornzweig

57
Q

RP due to vitamin deficiency

A

chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, bowel ressection

58
Q

obesity, polydactyl, mental retardation, hypogonadism, short stature

A

biedl-Bardet syndrome

59
Q

decreased vision 4th decade, rpe mottling

A

central arelolar choroidal dystrophy (AD)

60
Q

decreased vision in 5th decade, yellow crystal in retina, corneal stroma

A

Bietti’s ((AR)

61
Q

normal vision, vf, color vision, may show paradoical pupillary dilation, scotopic photopic implicit times identical, decreased scotopic, photopic erg almost normal

A

congenital stationary night blindness

62
Q

types of CSNB

A

fundus albipunctatus, oguchi’s diasee, kandori’s flecked retina, nourgaret and riggs type ( normal fundus)

64
Q

femal carriers have salt and pepper fundus

A

chorooidemia, defect in choroidal vasculature (XLR)

65
Q

scallaped areas of absent choriocapillus, seizures, increased ornithine

A

gyrate atrophy

66
Q

corneal clouding and retinopathy

A

Huerl’er sna dScheie

67
Q

Retinopathy only

A

Hunter’s, Sanfilippo

68
Q

Corneal changes only

A

Morquio, Maroteaux-Lamy

69
Q

no corneal clouding or retinopathy

70
Q

Sphingoliposdes with cherry red spot

A

Tay Sach’s, Sandoff’s, Neiman Pick, Guaucher

71
Q

sphingolipodoes without cherry red spot

A

Fabry’s, Krabbe’s

72
Q

composition of vitreous

A

99% water, type Ii colagen, volume 4ml

73
Q

how many rods, how many cones?

A

120 million, 6 million

74
Q

describe visual cycle

A

11 cis retinaldehyde turns into all tran

75
Q

when do rods shed? Cones shed?

A

rods- during day, cones at night.

76
Q

conditions which cause extinguished erg

A

rp, opthalmic artery occlusion, dusn, metallosi, rd, drug toxicity CAR

77
Q

normal a wave, reduced b wave

A

CSNB, Oguchi’s disease, x linked retinoschis, CVO, CRAO, myotonic dystrophy, quinine toxicity

78
Q

abnormal photopic, normal scotopic

A

achromotopsia, cone dystrophy

79
Q

abnormal erg, normal eog

A

csnb, x linked retinoschisis

80
Q

fluoroscein absorptiona and emission

A

absorb 490 nm, emits 530.

81
Q

uses of ICG

A

IPCV, occul CNV, NV with PED, recurrent CNV

82
Q

AREDS formulation

A

vitamin C, E, betacarotein, zinc

83
Q

Causes of CME

A

DEPRIVEN- Diabetes, epinpehrine, prostaglandins, RP, Irvine Gass, venous occlusion, pars palnitis, nicotinic acid maculopathy, othere XRT, parafoveal telangicectasia, goldmann FAVRE

84
Q

causes of non leaking CME

A

Juvenile retinoschiss, goldman favre, RP, nicotinic acid maculopathy

85
Q

type 1 mactel

A

unilateral, male?fmeale, coats spectrume, normal FA, OCT is not.

86
Q

type 2 mactel

A

bilateral, acquired, symmetric

87
Q

5 stages of sickle cell

A

periphery arterial occlusions, peripheral anastomoses, NV (sea fan, VH, vitreous traction with RD.

88
Q

bilateral, young men, in middle east, india, peripheral nonperfusion

A

Eales disease

89
Q

definition of ischemic vs. nonischemic BRVO

A

ischemic&raquo_space;5 DD nonperfusion

90
Q

threshold dose for radiation retinopathy

A

300 rads, starts 6 months to 3 years after.

91
Q

decreased vision RAPD, neuroretintisi, hot disc

A

Leber’s idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis

92
Q

organisms for DUSN

A

ancylostoma caninum, baylisacris proncyonis

93
Q

toxic retinopathies

A

chloroquine, thioridazine, chlorpormazine, quinine, tamoxofen (crystals), canthaxanthin (yellow deposits, methoxyfluorine, talc

94
Q

atypical nonleaking CME due to intracellular edema of Muller’s cell

A

nicotininc acid maculopathy

95
Q

combined harmartoma of retina nad rpe association

96
Q

hihg energy radioactiv plaques

A

cobalt 60, iridum 192

97
Q

low energy plaques

A

iodine 125, palladium 106

98
Q

small COMTs trial

A

apical height 1-3 mm, basal 5-16mm

99
Q

medium comt trial

A

apical 2.5-10m, basal <16, enucleation same as radiation

100
Q

large COMT trial

A

preenucleatioin radiation does not change survival rate.

101
Q

ddx of amelanotic choroidal mass

A

amelanotic melanoma, choroidal osteoma, granuloma, porsterior scleritis

OKAPs (10 decks)

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