ok Flashcards
What are PROGLUCAGON-DERIVED PEPTIDES (GLPGLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES) released from and what stimulates their release?
L cells
oral ingestion of Carbohydrates or fats
What do PROGLUCAGON-DERIVED PEPTIDES (GLPGLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES) do in relation to insulin and glucagon?
Stimulate insulin Secretion, thus called an incretin hormone
- Suppresses glucagon secretion
What do PROGLUCAGON-DERIVED PEPTIDES (GLP GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES) do in relation to gastric emptying, food aptite, and beta cell profilation?
Slows gastric emptying
- Reducesfood intake via the reduction of appetite
- Promotes beta cell proliferation.
How does GLP help pateints with Type 2 diabetes?
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), GLP-1 concentrations are
decreased in response to an oral glucose load. Clinical data have demonstrated
that GLP-1 receptor agonists therapies help restore insulin secretory functions, thus improving glycemic control and reducing body weight in patients with T2DM
What is the structure of motilin?
Linear 22 AA polypeptide - unrelated to other hormones
What is motilin released from and what stimualtes its release?
Released from M cells
Fasting stimulates it and it is released in 100 min intervals
- Release is under neural control (acid and fat can also
- cause small amounts to be released)
What does motilin to in relation to motility?
Stimulates upper GI motility
Produces migrating motor complexes
Where is somatostatin found and what stimulates its release and what is it inhibted by?
Found in gastric/duodenal mucosa and pancreas
- Release—stimulated by acid, inhibited by Ach
What does somatostatin inhibit?
Inhibits release of all gut hormones
- Directly inhibits parietal cell acid secretion
- Mediates acid-induced inhibition of gastrin release
What stimulates the release of histamine?
Gastrin and Ach cause release from cellsin the stomach
What does histamine stimulate?
The release of gastric acid
What are examples of histamine (H2) receptor blockers and what do they do?
- Cimetidine (Tagamet), Ranitidine (Zantac)
Decrease the release of acid
What is the location of the neurocrines: VIP, GRP, Enkephalins?
