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Question 1

What are the classic/offical hormones produced by the enteroendocrine APUD cells?

Answer 1

Secretin, gastrin, CCK, GIP

Question 2

What are the neurocrines produced ENS neurons?

Answer 2

VIP, GRP, enkephalins

Question 3

What are the paracrines produced in the GIT by ENS?

Answer 3

Somatostatin, histamine

Question 4

What is the concentration of serum gastrin that indicates that a person has a Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinoma) after ChiRhoStim is adminstered?

Answer 4

Above 110 pg/ml

Question 5

What is gastrin stimulated by?

Answer 5

Secretion is stimulated by protein digestion products
— Nervous impulses, physical distention
— calcium, regular &decaf coffee, and wine

Question 6

What is gastrin inhibted by?

Answer 6

Secretion is inhibited by acidification of antrum

Question 7

What does gastrin stimulate?

Answer 7

Gastrin stimulates pyloric contraction and increases cardiac sphincter tone, preventing
reflux. Gastrin also stimulates acid and pepsinogen secretion and antral motility, thus
facilitating gastric digestion

Question 8

How does gastrin effect the mucosa?

Answer 8

Stimulates growth of oxyntic mucosa of the stomach, the duodenal mucosa, and colonmucosa
Surgical removal ofthe antrum causes atrophy.

Question 9

What do patients with gastrinomas have in relation to the mucosa?

Answer 9

Patients with gastrin-secreting tumors have mucosal hyperplasia and hypertrophy.

Question 10

What does CCK do in relation to sphinchers and enzymes?

Answer 10

Contraction of pyloric
sphincter and inhibition
of gastric emptying

↑ pancreatic
secretion of enzymes

↑ glucagon secretion

Augments the secretin effect
on secretion of bicarbonate
in the pancreas and liver