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Question 1

What does secretin do in relation with bicarbonate?

Answer 1

Stimulates its secretion from the pancreatic duct cells and biliary tract

Question 2

What stimulates secretin secretion?

Answer 2

Stimuli for release
- Acid in duodenum and jejunum (pH <4.5)
(small amounts can be released fromileum)
- Fatty acids

Question 3

What does secritin do in relation to pepsin?

Answer 3

Stimulates pepsin secretion

Question 4

Where is GIP released from and what stimulates its release?

Answer 4

• Released from K-cells of duodenum and proximal jejunum
• All major foodstuffs—fat must be hydrolyzed.
• Oral glucose but not i.v. glucose

Question 5

What does GIP stimulate the release of and what does it inhibit?

Answer 5

Stimulates the release of insulin and inhibits gastrin (Enterogasrone)

Question 6

What are PROGLUCAGON-DERIVED PEPTIDES (GLPGLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES) released from and what stimulates their release?

Answer 6

L cells

oral ingestion of Carbohydrates or fats

Question 7

What do PROGLUCAGON-DERIVED PEPTIDES (GLPGLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES) do in relation to insulin and glucagon?

Answer 7

Secretion, thus called an incretin hormone
- Suppresses glucagon secretion

Question 8

What do PROGLUCAGON-DERIVED PEPTIDES (GLP GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES) do in relation to gastric emptying, food aptite, and beta cell profilation?

Answer 8

Slows gastric emptying
- Reducesfood intake via the reduction of appetite
- Promotes beta cell proliferation.

Question 9

How does GLP help pateints with Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 9

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), GLP-1 concentrations are
decreased in response to an oral glucose load. Clinical data have demonstrated
that GLP-1 receptor agonists therapies help restore insulin secretory functions, thus improving glycemic control and reducing body weight in patients with T2DM

Question 10

What is the structure of molitin?

Answer 10

Linear 22 AA polypeptide - unrelated to other hormones