OINA: Foot (Muscles)

Question 1

Abductor Hallucis

Answer 1

O: Medial tuberosity of the calcaneum and flexor retinaculum

I: Base of proximal phalanx of big toe

N: Medial Plantar nerve S2,S3

A: Flexes and abducts big toe, braces medial longitudinal arch

Question 2

Flexor Digitorum brevis

Answer 2

O: Medial tubercle of calcaneum

I: Four tendons to four lateral toes - inserted into borders of middle phalanx, tendons perforated by those of flexor digitorum longus

N: Medial plantar nerve S2, S3

A: Flexes lateral four toes, braces medial and lateral longitudinal arch of foot

Question 3

Abductor digiti minimi

Answer 3

O: Medial & lateral tubercle of calcaneum

I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

N: Lateral plantar nerve S2,S3

A: Flexes and abducts 5th toe; braces lateral longitudinal arch

Question 4

Quadratus Plantae

Answer 4

O: medial and lateral sides of calcaneum

I: Flexor digitorum longus tendon

N: Lateral plantar nerve S2,S3

A: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four toes

Question 5

Lumbricals

Answer 5

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

I: Dorsal extensor expansion, proximal phalanges, base of lateral four toes

N: 1st lumbrical: medial plantar nerve remainder lateral plantar nerve

A: Extends toes at inter phalangeal joints

Question 6

Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 6

O: Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, tibialis posterior insertion

I: Medial tendon, tendon into medial side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe, lateral tendon into lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

N: Medial plantar nerve S2,S3

A: Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe, support medial longitudinal arch

Question 7

Adductor Hallucis

Answer 7

O: Oblique head bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones, transverse head from plantar ligaments

I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

N: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve S2,S3

A: Flexes metatarsophalangeal jt. of big toe, holds together metatarsal bones

Question 8

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 8

O: Base of 5th metatarsal bone

I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

N: Lateral plantar nerve S2,S3

A: Flexes metatarsophalangeal jt. of little toe

Question 9

Interossei (Dorsal (4))

Answer 9

O: Adjacent sides of metatarsal bone

I: Base of proximal phalanges first - medial side of second toe remainder - lateral side of 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes - also dorsal extensor expansion

N: Lateral plantar nerve S2,

A: Abduction of toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

Question 10

Interossei (Plantar (3))

Answer 10

O: Inderior surfaces of 3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsal bones

I: Medial side of bases of proximal phalanges of lateral three toes

N: Lateral plantar nerve S2,S3

A: Adduction of toes, flexes MTP jt.s and extends IP jts

Question 11

Extensor Digitorum brevis

Answer 11

O: Anterior part of upper surface of the calcaneum and from the inferior extensor retinaculum

I: By four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes

N: Deep peroneal nerve S1,S2

A: Extend toes