Officer Safety - Authorities and Articulation

Question 1

s. 25

Use of Force Justified

Answer 1

Everyone authorized and in administration or enforcement of law if on RG is justified in using as much force as necessary for that force

Question 2

s. 25(3)

Lethal Force Justified

Answer 2

Any force intended to cause GBH or Death is not justified
UNLESS
believe on RG is necessary for your safety or anyone else safety

Question 3

Reg. 926, s. 9

Police Service Act

Answer 3

PO SHALL not draw handgun/point/discharge
UNLESS
believe on RG that to do so is necessary to protect loss of life or SBH

Question 4

s. 26

Excess Use of Force

Answer 4

everyone who uses force is criminally responsible for any excess use thereof

Question 5

s. 27

Prevent Commission of Offence

Answer 5

Everyone may use force to prevent the commission of an offence in which a person might be arrested without warrant AND would cause serious injury or property damage

Question 6

s. 34

Self Defence (A+B+C)

Answer 6

Person is not guilty if:
A - RG that force or treat of force is being used against them or another person
B - the purpose of the force is for the defence or protection of themselves or others
C - the act committed is reasonable in the circumstances

Question 7

Police Use of Force

Must be…..(3)

Answer 7

Lawful
Reasonable
Necessary

Question 8

Lawful Use of Force

Answer 8

Must have lawful authority and act on RG, proper use of powers of arrest

Question 9

Mistake in Law

Answer 9

is unacceptable, EX - when a PO does not know their powers/authorities

Question 10

Mistake in Fact

Answer 10

is acceptable

EX - when you arrest someone who fits a description but it ends up being the wrong person

Question 11

Reasonable Manner

Subjective vs. Objective

Answer 11

Subjective - personal feelings, beliefs and opinions, own assessment and interpretation
Objective - Based on facts, not influenced by emotions, unbiased, impartial

Question 12

Lethal Force is Necessary for: (2)

Answer 12

1 - Self Preservation of the person or any person

2 - To protect from death of GBH

Question 13

Force - DEFN

Answer 13

• the amount to compulsion exerted, taking into account the consequences of pain, discomfort or injury

Question 14

Continuous Assessment

Answer 14

• the use of force must be assessed on an ongoing basis

- when resistance stops or changes, the application of force must be also

Question 15

Resistance - DEFN

Answer 15

• The degree to which the subject opposes police arrest and or control
• taking into account the nature and quality of an risk to public and police safety

Question 16

Proportional

Answer 16

Does not mean equal, proportionate for the situation, not greater than

Question 17

Articulation - DEFN

Answer 17

• Explain PO use of force in a manner that meets all the necessary justification criteria
• Every factor and piece of information that formed your opinions and influenced your choices must be presented, including:
• Senses and all info you have surrounding the occurrence
  PLUS
• Any related past experience, personal, professional and training.

Question 18

De-escalation

DEFN

Answer 18

The use of verbal and non-verbal strategies intended to prevent escalation or reduce the intensity of a situation without the application of force, and if force is necessary, reducing the amount of force if reasonably safe to do so

Question 19

Reasonable Grounds

DEFN

Answer 19

A set of facts or circumstances which would satisfy an ordinary cautious and prudent person that there is reason to believe, that goes beyond mere suspicion, and the officers beliefs must be justifiable from a subjective and objective point of view