Oesophagus, stomach, pancreas functioning

Question 1

Rapid gastric emptying

causes and delayed

Answer 1

causes - post gastric surgery

• nausea, vomiting, cramping, diarrhoea
• food not digested enough, moves to quickly, osmotic load - pain, and dihorreha

delayed - diabetes

Question 2

abnormal gastric secretion

Answer 2

increased - tumours that produce gastrin

• decreased - pernicious anaemia - antibodies agaisnt parietal cells, gastric surg, vagotomy (loss of vagus nerve - decreased acetyl choline)
• drugs - receptors that block proton pump or histamine receptor

Question 3

cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase

Answer 3

cephalic - thought of food - acetyl choline stimulates g cells, pariental cells, histsamine ect.
gastric - amino acids, distention will stimulate g cells, ecl cells, parietal cells ect.
Intetsinal phase - acid - stimulates d cells, cholecystkin will be stilmuateled when fats and acid go into the small intesntine - secretin is produced
-secretin and CKK - inhibits gastric acid and emptying
-secretin also stimualtes pancreas and bile ducts to release HCO3-

Question 4

WHat is H.pylori infeciton how can it be treated

Answer 4

-omepraazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin

Question 5

Peptic ulcer disease cause

Answer 5

h. pyliru main one, apsirin
- can be due to reduced acid secreiton due to surgery, or vagus nerve removal
- pain, bleeding, perforation, obstruciton

Question 6

gastric cancer cause

Answer 6

can be due to H.Pylori - leads to widespread inflammation , reduce acid secretion, low acid - bacterial overgrowth and carcnogens