Oesophageal Disorders

Question 1

Symptoms of oesophageal disease?

Answer 1

reflux
persistent reflux and heartburn leads to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) which can lead to long term complications

Question 2

Oesophageal dysphagia causes?

Investigations?

Answer 2

stricture
malignancy
motility disorder
eosinophilic oesophagitis

oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD)

Upper GI endoscopy

Oesophageal pH and manometry

Question 3

Motility disorder: hypermotility

Answer 3

diffuse oesophageal spasm
corkscrew appearance on barium swallow
severe episodic chest pain
idiopathic

Question 4

Motility disorder: hypomotility

Answer 4

associated with connective tissue disease, diabetes, neuropathy
causes failure of LOS mechanism leading to heartburn and reflux symptoms

Question 5

Achalasia?

onest?

Answer 5

functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion in distal oesophagus + LOS with cardinal feature being failure of LOS to relax

onset usually 3-5th decade

Question 6

Achalasia symptoms?

treatment?

Answer 6

progressive dysphagia
weight loss
chest pain & infection

Nitrates/CCBs
endoscopic (botox)
radiological + surgical

Question 7

2 types of hiatus hernia?

Answer 7

sliding

para-oesophageal

Question 8

Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma location?

Answer 8

occurs in proximal and middle third of oesophagus

Question 9

adenocarcinoma occurrence?

Answer 9

distal oesophagus

Question 10

what is eosinophilic oesophagitis?

Answer 10

chronic immune-mediated condition defined clinically by symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction and pathologically by an eosinophilic infiltration

Question 11

presentation of eosinophilic oesophagitis?

Answer 11

dysphagia and food bolus obstruction

Question 12

treatment for eosinophilic oesophagitis?

Answer 12

topical/swallowed corticosteroids, limit diet and endoscopic dilatation

Question 13

Oesophagus location?

Answer 13

T6-11/12