Hepato-biliary Pathology Flashcards
what can cause liver failure?
acute liver injury
chronic liver injury
hepatitis
bile duct obstruction
what is viral hepatitis?
inflammation of the liver with liver cell damage and death of individual cells
A,B,C,E
3 outcomes of acute inflammation with hep type?
resolution to normal (A+E)
liver failure if severe damage (A+B+E)
progression to chronic hep and cirrhosis (B+C)
What is alcoholic liver disease?
response of liver to excess alcohol, fatty change, alcoholic hepatitis, progression to cirrhosis
what is jaundice caused by?
increased circulating bilirubin due to altered pathway of bilirubin metabolism
pathway of bilirubin metabolism?
pre-hepatic
hepatic
post-hepatic
pre-hepatic bilirubin
breakdown of haemoglobin in spleen to form haem and globin, haem is converted to bilirubin which is released into circulation
hepatic bilirubin
uptake of bilirubin by hepatocytes followed by conjugation and excretion into biliary system
post-hepatic bilirubin
transport of conjugated bilirubin and breakdown in intestines some absorption most exertion in faeces (brown stools)
causes of cholestasis? (4)
viral hepatitis
alcoholic hepatitis
liver failure
drugs
what is primary biliary cholangitis?
organ specific autoimmune disease that mainly affects females, anti-mitochondrial AB in serum
raised serum alkaline phosphatase (AlkP)
granulomatous inflammation bile ducts
progression to cirrhosis
what is primary sclerosing cholangitis?
chronic inflammation and fibrous obliteration of bile ducts
loss of intra-hepatic bile ducts
associated with IBD
progression to cirrhosis, increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma
what is hepatic cirrhosis?
end stage chronic liver disease, a diffuse process involving the whole liver with loss of normal liver structure
replaced by nodules and fibrous tissue
