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Opthomology > Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Dis > Flashcards

Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Dis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ocular manifestations of DM?

A

Refractive error changes
Cataracts
Retinopathy most important

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2
Q

What aspects of Diabetic Retinopathy correlates with worse disease?

A

Duration of disease
HTN
High HbA1C
SMoking

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3
Q

What is the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy?

A

Inc Glucose => VEGF => Inc Cap permiability/ abn vasoprolif.

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4
Q

What are the subgroups of Diabetic Retinopathy?

A

Proliferative

Non-proliferative

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5
Q

WHat are the charicteristics of NP Diabetic Retinopathy?

A 
Retinal BV leak
Leakage into macula => reduce vision
Microaneurisms
Leakage of IV fluids
Hemorrhages
Retinal Ischemia (Cot Wool spot)
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6
Q

WHat causes neovascularization?

A

Tissue Hypoxia

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of Vitreous Hemorrhage?

A

Shower of floaters or cobwebs
Sudden loss of vision
Refer!

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8
Q

What are the 2 causes of NPDR Visual Loss?

A

Ischemic Maculopathy

Macular Edema

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9
Q

What are the goals of Photocoagulation?

A

Prevents further neovasc
Reduce risk of vitreous hemorrhage
Reduce traction retinal detachment

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10
Q

How can we protect from Retinopathy?

A

Proteinuria is a RF for macular edema
Diuresis and BP control
ACE/ARB
Serum lipids

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11
Q

What are the Treatment options for retinopathy?

A

Laser Photocoagulation

Vitrectomy

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12
Q

What are the signs of worsening HTN effects in eye?

A

Arteriolar narrowing
Hard Exudates, Hemorrhage
Disc Edema

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13
Q

What are the ocular manifestations seen in pregnancy?

A

1) Refractive Changes
2) Dry Eyes
3) Loss of Accomodation
4) Preggo induced HTN
5) Retinal Detch
6) Prog of Diabetic Retinopathy

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14
Q

What are the clinical features of Thyroid Disease?

A

Enl of EOM, Lid Retraction, Lid Lag, Exopthalmos, Conjunctival Congestion
Thyroid Levels unreliable

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15
Q

What is the Tx of Thyroid Opthamopathy?

A

Tear Subs, Corticosteroids
EOM Surgery
Orbital Irradiation
Surgical Decompression

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Iritis?

A

Photophobia, Dec Vision, Miotic Pupil, Pain

17
Q

What are the Ocular Signs of Sarcoidosis?

A

Ant/Post Uveitis
Retinitis, hemorrhage, peripheral NV
Dry Eye Syndrome
Neurosarcoidosis

18
Q

What are the ocular signs of Rheounatoid Arthritis?

A

Dry Eyes
Episcleritis
Scleritis
Corneal Ulcers

19
Q

What are the ocular traits of Juvenile RA?

A

Iritis in 10% of Pts

Can lead to Cataracts, Glaucoma, or corneal Calcification

20
Q

What are the ocular Manifestations of SLE?

A

Dry Eyes
Scleritis
Peripheral corneal ulcers
Retinopathy and optic neuropathy

21
Q

What are the ocular symptoms of Connective tissue Disorders

A

Burning
Foreign Body sensation
Photophobia
Tearing.

22
Q

What are causes of Tear Deficiency States?

A

Aging, RA, Systemic Meds, Steven-Johnson Syndrome

23
Q

What is the Treatment of Ocular Surface disease?

A 
Arteficial tears
Lubricating Ointment at night
Omega 3 
Lid Hygeine
Topical Anti inflammatory
Punctal occlusion
Doxycycline vs Azasite
24
Q

What is the Tx of Giant Cell Arteritis?

A

High Dose Steroids IMMEDIATELY

25
Q

What are the visual symptoms of a migraine?

A 
Scintillating Scotoma
Amaurosis Fugax
Transient cortical blindness
Homonymous Hemianopia
Classic or Opthalmic
26
Q

What are the types of Migraine?

A

With Headache: Classic

Without Headache: Acephalic

27
Q

What is the Tx of Migraine?

A

Prevent freq attacks
Examine for visual loss
Consider taking off oral contraceptives

28
Q

What are the Ocular manifestations of AIDS?

A

Cotton Wool Spots: Ag-Ab Complexes
CMV retinitis
Kaposi’s Sarcoma: eyelids

29
Q

What is the Tx of CMV retinitis?

A

Oral/IV Gancyclovir
IV Foscarnet
IV Cidofovir
Intravitreal Gan

30
Q

What are the S and S of Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus?

A

Intense Pain/discomfort
Itching
Photophobia
Vesicles, crusting w/exudate, spares midline, conjunctivitis

31
Q

What is the Tx of HZO?

A

Acyclovir

Opthomology (10 decks)

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